UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2011
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 0-30961
Sohu.com Inc.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
Delaware | 98-0204667 | |
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) |
(I.R.S. EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER) |
Level 12, Sohu.com Internet Plaza
No. 1 Unit Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District
Beijing 100084
Peoples Republic of China
(011) 8610-6272-6666
(Address, including zip code, of registrants principal executive offices
and registrants telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer | x | Accelerated filer | ¨ | |||
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ | Smaller reporting company | ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
The number of shares outstanding of each of the issuers classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:
Class |
Outstanding at June 30, 2011 | |
Common stock, $.001 par value |
38,306,145 |
SOHU.COM INC.
-2-
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. | CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (unaudited)
(In thousands, except par value)
As of | ||||||||
June 30, 2011 |
December 31, 2010 |
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ASSETS |
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Current assets: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 718,055 | $ | 678,389 | ||||
Short-term investments |
16,070 | 0 | ||||||
Investment in debt securities |
77,280 | 75,529 | ||||||
Accounts receivable, net |
85,998 | 62,603 | ||||||
Prepaid and other current assets (including nil and $4,983, respectively, shareholder loan to an equity investee) |
27,124 | 19,646 | ||||||
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Total current assets |
924,527 | 836,167 | ||||||
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Fixed assets, net |
134,297 | 120,627 | ||||||
Goodwill |
176,562 | 67,761 | ||||||
Intangible assets, net |
67,021 | 17,308 | ||||||
Prepaid non-current assets |
151,412 | 137,999 | ||||||
Other assets |
6,487 | 7,728 | ||||||
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Total assets |
$ | 1,460,306 | $ | 1,187,590 | ||||
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LIABILITIES |
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Current liabilities: |
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Accounts payable |
$ | 25,177 | $ | 5,940 | ||||
Accrued liabilities |
75,923 | 65,229 | ||||||
Receipts in advance and deferred revenue |
57,392 | 51,513 | ||||||
Accrued salary and benefits |
39,210 | 35,409 | ||||||
Taxes payable |
26,154 | 31,719 | ||||||
Other short-term liabilities |
25,376 | 21,862 | ||||||
Contingent consideration |
13,978 | 0 | ||||||
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Total current liabilities |
263,210 | 211,672 | ||||||
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Long-term accounts payable |
1,727 | 0 | ||||||
Deferred tax liabilities |
4,718 | 0 | ||||||
Contingent consideration |
15,646 | 1,359 | ||||||
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Total long-term liabilities |
22,091 | 1,359 | ||||||
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Total liabilities |
285,301 | 213,031 | ||||||
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Commitments and contingencies |
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MEZZANINE EQUITY |
53,577 | 0 | ||||||
SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY |
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Sohu.com Inc. shareholders equity: |
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Common stock: $0.001 par value per share (75,400 shares authorized; 38,306 shares and 38,284 shares, respectively, issued and outstanding) |
44 | 43 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
340,201 | 338,033 | ||||||
Treasury stock (5,389 shares) |
(114,690 | ) | (114,690 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
54,260 | 38,228 | ||||||
Retained earnings |
623,575 | 534,503 | ||||||
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Total Sohu.com Inc. shareholders equity |
903,390 | 796,117 | ||||||
Noncontrolling interest |
218,038 | 178,442 | ||||||
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Total shareholders equity |
1,121,428 | 974,559 | ||||||
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Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders equity |
$ | 1,460,306 | $ | 1,187,590 | ||||
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
-3-
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share data)
Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
June 30, | June 30, | |||||||||||||||
2011 | 2010 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||
Revenues: |
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Online brand advertising |
$ | 67,728 | $ | 53,162 | $ | 124,881 | $ | 92,674 | ||||||||
Online game |
101,531 | 77,721 | 196,461 | 149,793 | ||||||||||||
Sogou search and start-up page |
13,613 | 3,872 | 21,592 | 6,696 | ||||||||||||
Wireless |
11,645 | 11,073 | 23,349 | 24,361 | ||||||||||||
Others |
4,188 | 269 | 6,791 | 2,027 | ||||||||||||
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Total revenues |
198,705 | 146,097 | 373,074 | 275,551 | ||||||||||||
Cost of revenues: |
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Online brand advertising |
25,781 | 22,256 | 48,226 | 39,539 | ||||||||||||
Online game |
9,950 | 7,008 | 18,918 | 12,392 | ||||||||||||
Sogou search and start-up page |
6,104 | 3,343 | 10,981 | 6,096 | ||||||||||||
Wireless |
7,109 | 5,810 | 14,001 | 12,721 | ||||||||||||
Others |
4,220 | 504 | 6,890 | 999 | ||||||||||||
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Total cost of revenues |
53,164 | 38,921 | 99,016 | 71,747 | ||||||||||||
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Gross profit |
145,541 | 107,176 | 274,058 | 203,804 | ||||||||||||
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Operating expenses: |
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Product development |
24,858 | 16,881 | 47,640 | 32,399 | ||||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
38,316 | 29,606 | 68,493 | 52,615 | ||||||||||||
General and administrative |
12,982 | 9,384 | 24,980 | 19,267 | ||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
597 | 139 | 789 | 247 | ||||||||||||
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Total operating expenses |
76,753 | 56,010 | 141,902 | 104,528 | ||||||||||||
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Operating profit |
68,788 | 51,166 | 132,156 | 99,276 | ||||||||||||
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Other income /(expense) |
1,479 | (330 | ) | 1,989 | (355 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest income and exchange difference |
1,621 | 958 | 3,914 | 2,157 | ||||||||||||
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Income before income tax expense |
71,888 | 51,794 | 138,059 | 101,078 | ||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
10,281 | 6,329 | 21,283 | 14,292 | ||||||||||||
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Net income |
61,607 | 45,465 | 116,776 | 86,786 | ||||||||||||
Less: Net income attributable to the mezzanine classified noncontrolling
interest |
361 | 0 | 361 | 0 | ||||||||||||
Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest shareholders |
16,981 | 12,012 | 27,343 | 23,142 | ||||||||||||
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Net income attributable to Sohu.com Inc. |
$ | 44,265 | $ | 33,453 | $ | 89,072 | $ | 63,644 | ||||||||
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Basic net income per share attributable to Sohu.com Inc. |
$ | 1.16 | $ | 0.88 | $ | 2.33 | $ | 1.68 | ||||||||
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Shares used in computing basic net income per share attributable to Sohu.com Inc. |
38,295 | 37,822 | 38,245 | 37,800 | ||||||||||||
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Diluted net income per share attributable to Sohu.com Inc. |
$ | 1.10 | $ | 0.82 | $ | 2.11 | $ | 1.54 | ||||||||
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Shares used in computing diluted net income per share attributable to Sohu.com Inc. |
38,860 | 38,289 | 38,814 | 38,366 | ||||||||||||
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
-4-
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)
(In thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
2011 | 2010 | |||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
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Net income |
$ | 116,776 | $ | 86,786 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |
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Depreciation |
11,987 | 10,010 | ||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
9,684 | 12,981 | ||||||
Amortization and impairment of intangible assets |
14,872 | 1,139 | ||||||
Provision for allowance for doubtful accounts |
300 | 301 | ||||||
Excess tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements |
(1,107 | ) | (1,155 | ) | ||||
Fair value change in debt securities |
(1,751 | ) | 0 | |||||
Others |
881 | 73 | ||||||
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisition: |
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Accounts receivable |
(10,345 | ) | (14,857 | ) | ||||
Prepaid and other current assets |
5,066 | (6,886 | ) | |||||
Accounts payable |
4,491 | 2,795 | ||||||
Taxes payable |
(6,527 | ) | (2,175 | ) | ||||
Accrued liabilities |
2,693 | 8,130 | ||||||
Receipts in advance and deferred revenue |
4,979 | 638 | ||||||
Other short-term liabilities |
4,079 | 2,756 | ||||||
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Net cash provided by operating activities |
156,078 | 100,536 | ||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: |
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Purchase of fixed assets |
(39,058 | ) | (47,843 | ) | ||||
Purchase of intangible and other assets |
(21,923 | ) | (4,394 | ) | ||||
Purchase of short-term investments |
(8,484 | ) | 0 | |||||
Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments |
10,340 | 0 | ||||||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired |
(69,175 | ) | (13,321 | ) | ||||
Other cash payments relating to investing activities |
(2,787 | ) | 0 | |||||
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Net cash used in investing activities |
(131,087 | ) | (65,558 | ) | ||||
Cash flows from financing activities: |
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Issuance of common stock |
1,444 | 376 | ||||||
Cash contribution received from the noncontrolling interest shareholders |
159 | 0 | ||||||
Excess tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements |
1,107 | 1,155 | ||||||
Other cash payments relating to financing activities |
0 | (3,001 | ) | |||||
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
2,710 | (1,470 | ) | |||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
11,965 | 1,815 | ||||||
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Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |
39,666 | 35,323 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
678,389 | 563,782 | ||||||
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ | 718,055 | $ | 599,105 | ||||
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Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing activity: |
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Consideration payable for business acquisitions |
28,983 | 0 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
-5-
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (unaudited)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2011
(In thousands)
Sohu.com Inc. Shareholders Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | Comprehensive Income |
Common Stock |
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Treasury Stock |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |
Retained Earnings |
Noncontrolling Interest |
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Beginning balance |
$ | 974,559 | $ | 0 | $ | 43 | $ | 338,033 | $ | (114,690 | ) | $ | 38,228 | $ | 534,503 | $ | 178,442 | |||||||||||||||
Contribution received from the noncontrolling interest shareholders |
159 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock |
1,444 | 0 | 1 | 1,443 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
9,684 | 0 | 0 | 6,007 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3,677 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Settlement of share-based awards in subsidiary |
0 | 0 | 0 | (6,389 | ) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6,389 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Excess tax benefits from share-based awards |
1,107 | 0 | 0 | 1,107 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income: |
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Net income |
116,415 | 116,415 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 89,072 | 27,343 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income: |
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Foreign currency translation adjustment |
18,060 | 18,060 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16,032 | 0 | 2,028 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total other comprehensive income |
18,060 | 18,060 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total comprehensive income |
134,475 | 134,475 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Comprehensive income attributable to the noncontrolling interest shareholders |
(29,371 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Comprehensive income attributable to Sohu.com Inc. |
$ | 105,104 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Ending balance |
$ | 1,121,428 | $ | 44 | $ | 340,201 | $ | (114,690 | ) | $ | 54,260 | $ | 623,575 | $ | 218,038 | |||||||||||||||||
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
-6-
SOHU.COM INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (unaudited)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2010
(In thousands)
Sohu.com Inc. Shareholders Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | Comprehensive Income |
Common Stock |
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Treasury Stock |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |
Retained Earnings |
Noncontrolling Interest |
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Beginning balance |
$ | 677,776 | $ | 0 | $ | 43 | $ | 317,052 | $ | (114,690 | ) | $ | 21,502 | $ | 385,874 | $ | 67,995 | |||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock |
376 | 0 | 0 | 376 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
12,981 | 0 | 0 | 7,028 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5,953 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Excess tax benefits from share-based awards |
1,155 | 0 | 0 | 1,155 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income: |
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Net income |
86,786 | 86,786 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 63,644 | 23,142 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income: |
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Foreign currency translation adjustment |
2,602 | 2,602 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2,190 | 0 | 412 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total other comprehensive income |
2,602 | 2,602 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total comprehensive income |
89,388 | 89,388 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Comprehensive income attributable to the noncontrolling interest shareholders |
(23,554 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Comprehensive income attributable to Sohu.com Inc. |
$ | 65,834 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Ending balance |
$ | 781,676 | $ | 43 | $ | 325,611 | $ | (114,690 | ) | $ | 23,692 | $ | 449,518 | $ | 97,502 | |||||||||||||||||
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
-7-
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. | The Company and Basis of Presentation |
Nature of Operations
Sohu.com Inc. (Sohu or the Company), a Delaware corporation organized in 1996, is a leading online media, search, gaming, community and mobile service group providing comprehensive online products and services in the Peoples Republic of China (the PRC or China). The Company, together with its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities (collectively the Sohu Group) mainly offers online brand advertising services, online game services (through Changyou.com Limited), Sogou search and start-up page services (through Sogou Inc.), and wireless services through its Internet sites: sohu.com, 17173.com, focus.cn, chinaren.com, changyou.com and sogou.com.
Online brand advertising and online game are the two core businesses of the Sohu Group. The online brand advertising business provides advertisements on the Sohu Groups portal matrix to advertisers who wish to build up their brand awareness online. The online game business, consisting of multi-player online role-playing games (MMORPGs) and web- based games, is conducted by a majority-owned subsidiary, Changyou.com Limited (Changyou). As of June 30, 2011, Changyou was operating eight MMORPGs, (i) Tian Long Ba Bu (TLBB), (ii) Blade Online (BO), (iii) Blade Hero 2 (BH 2) which is the sequel to BO, (iv) Da Hua Shui Hu (DHSH), (v) Zhong Hua Ying Xiong (ZHYX), (vi) Immortal Faith (IF), (vii) San Jie Qi Yuan (SJQY); and (viii) Legend of Ancient World (LAW). TLBB is Changyous first in-house developed MMORPG and is one of the most popular online games in China. The web-based game business is conducted by a newly acquired majority-owned variable interest entity of Changyou, Shenzhen 7Road Technology Co, Ltd (7Road). 7Roads in-house developed web-based game, DDTank, is one of the most popular web-based games in China.
On April 7, 2009, Changyou completed its initial public offering on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, trading under the symbol CYOU. After Changyous offering, Sohu continues to consolidate Changyou in Sohus consolidated financial statements, as Sohu is Changyous controlling shareholder, but recognizes noncontrolling interest reflecting shares held by shareholders other than Sohu. As of June 30, 2011, approximately 31% of the economic interest in Changyou was recognized as noncontrolling interest in Sohus consolidated financial statements. See Note 2 - Changyou Transactions - Sohus Shareholding in Changyou.
Basis of Consolidation and Recognition of Noncontrolling Interest
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Sohu and its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities (VIEs). VIEs are consolidated if the Company is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions are eliminated.
For majority-owned subsidiaries and VIEs, noncontrolling interest is recognized to reflect the portion of their equity which is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to the controlling shareholder.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. Results for the six months ended June 30, 2011 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or for any future period. Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.
These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes included in the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010.
2. | Changyou Transactions |
Share-based Award to Tao Wang, Chief Executive Officer of Changyou
In January 2008, Sohu communicated to and agreed with Tao Wang, who is now the Chief Executive Officer of Changyou, to grant him 700,000 ordinary shares and 800,000 restricted ordinary shares, in lieu of his contingent right in Beijing Fire Fox Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing Fire Fox), which was one of Sohus subsidiaries devoted to the development of TLBB.
-8-
The 800,000 restricted ordinary shares were subject to a four-year vesting period commencing February 1, 2008. In addition, Tao Wang would not be entitled to participate in any distributions on Changyou shares, whether or not vested, until the earlier of Changyous completion of an initial public offering or February 2012, and in any event entitlement to distributions would be subject to vesting of the shares.
In January 2009, under Changyous 2008 Share Incentive Plan described below, Changyou issued 700,000 of its Class B ordinary shares and 800,000 of its Class B restricted ordinary shares to Tao Wang through Prominence Investments Ltd. (Prominence), which is an entity deemed under applicable Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rules to be beneficially owned by Tao Wang.
In February 2009, 200,000 Class B restricted ordinary shares held by Prominence became vested. Upon this vesting, the number of Class B ordinary shares held beneficially by Tao Wang increased to 900,000 shares and the number of Class B restricted ordinary shares held beneficially by Tao Wang decreased to 600,000 shares.
In March 2009, in preparation for its initial public offering, Changyou effected a ten-for-one share split that resulted in the aforementioned 900,000 Class B ordinary shares and 600,000 Class B restricted ordinary shares becoming 9,000,000 Class B ordinary shares and 6,000,000 Class B restricted ordinary shares, respectively.
Upon the completion of Changyous initial public offering in April 2009, vested Class B ordinary shares held by Prominence became entitled to participate in distributions on Changyou shares. Since the completion of the initial public offering, Class B restricted ordinary shares held by Prominence have continued, and will continue, to become vested from time to time in accordance with their terms.
Changyous 2008 Share Incentive Plan
On December 31, 2008, Changyou reserved 2,000,000 of its ordinary shares, which included 1,774,000 Class B ordinary shares and 226,000 Class A ordinary shares, for issuance to certain of its executive officers and to certain of its employees as incentive compensation under Changyous 2008 Share Incentive Plan. As described above, 700,000 ordinary shares and 800,000 restricted ordinary shares were granted to Tao Wang through Prominence under this incentive plan.
In March 2009, the 2,000,000 reserved ordinary shares were subject to a ten-for-one share split effected by Changyou and became 20,000,000 ordinary shares.
Initial Public Offering of Changyou
On April 7, 2009, Changyou completed its initial public offering of 7,500,000 Class A ordinary shares on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, and Sohu sold 9,750,000 Class A ordinary shares of Changyou. Changyou is currently trading under the symbol CYOU.
The initial public offering consisted of American depositary shares (ADSs), with each ADS representing two Class A ordinary shares. Changyous ordinary shares are divided into Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Holders of Class A ordinary shares and holders of Class B ordinary shares have the same rights in Changyou, with the exception of voting and conversion rights. Each Class A ordinary share is entitled to one vote on all matters subject to a shareholder vote, and each Class B ordinary share is entitled to ten votes on all matters subject to a shareholder vote. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time at the election of the holder. Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances.
Sohus Shareholding in Changyou
Shareholding and Control
As of June 30, 2011, Changyou had outstanding a combined total of 105,010,000 Class A and Class B ordinary shares, consisting of (i) 70,250,000 Class B ordinary shares held by Sohu through its indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary Sohu.com (Game) Limited (Sohu Game); (ii) 14,397,000 Class B ordinary shares held by Tao Wang through Prominence, including 2,000,000 Class B restricted ordinary shares that were not vested; (iii) 17,853,000 Class A ordinary shares held by public shareholders; (iv) 1,805,000 Class A ordinary shares issued to certain of Changyous executive officers other than Tao Wang and to certain of its employees upon conversion of Class B ordinary shares that had been issued upon the vesting and settlement of Class B restricted share units granted to them; and (v) 705,000 Class A ordinary shares issued to certain of Changyous executive officers other than Tao Wang and to certain of its employees upon the vesting and settlement of Class A restricted share units granted to them.
As of June 30, 2011, treating Tao Wangs 2,000,000 Class B restricted ordinary shares as owned by Tao Wang, Sohu held approximately 67% of the combined total of Changyous outstanding Class A and Class B ordinary shares and controlled approximately 81% of the total voting power in Changyou. As a result, Sohu had the power to elect the entire Board of Directors of Changyou and determine the outcome of all matters submitted to a shareholder vote. As Changyous controlling shareholder, Sohu will continue to consolidate Changyou in Sohus consolidated financial statements but recognize noncontrolling interest reflecting shares held by shareholders other than Sohu, as discussed in Note 13 Noncontrolling Interest Noncontrolling Interest for Changyou.
-9-
Economic Interest
Because Tao Wangs 2,000,000 Class B restricted ordinary shares are subject to forfeiture to Sohu until they become vested, for accounting purposes those shares are treated as owned by Sohu, rather than as owned by Tao Wang, and therefore those shares are not included in the noncontrolling interest line items in Sohus consolidated financial statements. As a result, as of June 30, 2011, Sohu was treated as holding approximately 69% of the economic interest in Changyou. Accordingly, shareholders other than Sohu were treated as holding the remaining 31% of the economic interest, which was recognized as noncontrolling interest in Sohus consolidated financial statements, as discussed in Note 13 Noncontrolling Interest Noncontrolling Interest for Changyou.
Sohus economic interest in Changyou, as well as the noncontrolling interest recognized for Changyou in Sohus consolidated financial statements, will continue to change as the Class B restricted ordinary shares granted to Tao Wang become vested, and the restricted share units granted to certain of Changyous executive officers other than Tao Wang and to certain of its employees and Sohus employees become vested and settled.
Dilutive Impact
As of June 30, 2011, Changyou had outstanding a combined total of 1,884,200 Class A and Class B restricted ordinary shares and restricted share units.
Because no Class A ordinary shares or Class B ordinary shares will be issued with respect to these restricted share units until the restricted share units are vested and settled, the unvested restricted share units and vested restricted share units that have not yet been settled are not included as outstanding shares of Changyou and have no impact on Sohus basic net income per share. Unvested restricted share units and vested restricted share units that have not yet been settled do, however, have a dilutive impact on Sohus diluted net income per share.
In the calculation of Sohus diluted net income per share, Sohus economic interest in Changyou is calculated treating all of Changyous existing unvested restricted shares, unvested restricted share units, and vested restricted share units that have not yet been settled as vested, in the case of restricted shares, and vested and settled, in the case of restricted shares units. See Note 14 - Net Income per Share.
3. | Sogou Transactions |
Restructuring Transactions
During 2010, the Company restructured the Sogou search business in preparation for the sale by its online search subsidiary Sogou Inc. (Sogou) of newly-issued Series A Preferred Shares to Alibaba Investment Limited (Alibaba), a private investment subsidiary of Alibaba Group Holding Limited, China Web Search (HK) Limited (China Web), an investment vehicle of Yunfeng Fund, LP, and Photon Group Limited (Photon), the investment fund of Sohus Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Dr. Charles Zhang.
In the restructuring, the Company transferred to Sogou certain assets and liabilities associated with the mobile version of Sogou Pinyin, and transferred to Sohu certain non-search assets and liabilities that had been held by Sogou. Sogou will remain liable for a loan payable to Sohu in the amount of $45 million, which will be payable solely from the proceeds of an initial public offering by Sogou. The loan amount consists primarily of losses historically incurred in search business and previously funded by Sohu.
On October 22, 2010, Sogou completed the sale of newly-issued Series A Preferred Shares to Alibaba, China Web and Photon for $15 million, $9 million, and $24 million, respectively.
Sogou Series A Terms
The following is a summary of some of the key terms of the Sogou Series A Preferred Shares.
Dividend Rights
Sogou may not declare or pay dividends on its ordinary shares unless the holders of the Series A Preferred Shares then outstanding first receive a dividend on each outstanding Series A Preferred Share in an amount at least equal to the sum of (i) the dividends that would have been payable to the holder of such Series A Preferred Share if such share had been converted into ordinary shares, at the then-applicable conversion rate, immediately prior to the record date for such dividend, and (ii) all accrued and unpaid Accruing Dividends. Accruing Dividends are calculated from the date of issuance of the Series A Preferred Shares at the rate per annum of $0.0375 per Series A Preferred Share.
-10-
Liquidation Rights
In the event of any Liquidation Event, such as the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Sogou, a merger or consolidation of Sogou resulting in a change of control, the sale of substantially all of Sogous assets or similar events, the holders of Series A Preferred Shares are entitled to receive, before any payment to holders of ordinary shares, an amount equal to the greater of (i) 1.3 times the original $48 million of the Series A Preferred Shares plus all accrued but unpaid Accruing Dividends and any other accrued and unpaid dividends on the Series A Preferred Shares or (ii) such amount per share as would be payable if the Series A Preferred Shares had been converted into ordinary shares, at the then-applicable conversion rate, immediately prior to the Liquidation Event.
Redemption Rights
The Series A Preferred Shares are not redeemable.
Conversion Rights
Each Series A Preferred Share is convertible, at the option of the holder, at any time, and without the payment of additional consideration by the holder. Each Series A Preferred Share is convertible into such number of ordinary shares as is determined by dividing the original issue price of Series A Preferred Share by the then-effective conversion price. The conversion price is initially the same as the original issue price of $0.625, and is subject to adjustment on a weighted average basis upon the issuance of additional equity shares, or securities convertible into equity shares, at a price per share less than the original price per share of the Series A Preferred Shares, subject to certain customary exceptions, such as shares issued pursuant to the Sogou 2010 Share Incentive Plan. Each Series A Preferred Share will be automatically converted into ordinary shares of Sogou upon the closing of a qualified initial public offering of Sogou based on the then-effective conversion price.
Voting Rights
Each holder of Series A Preferred Shares is entitled to cast the number of votes equal to the number of ordinary shares into which the Series A Preferred Shares held by such holder are then convertible.
Other Rights
The Series A Terms include various other provisions typical of preferred share investments, such as rights of first refusal and co-sale, and registration rights.
Sogous 2010 Share Incentive Plan
Sogou 2010 Share Incentive Plan
On October 20, 2010, Sogou adopted the Sogou 2010 Share Incentive Plan (the Sogou 2010 Share Incentive Plan), which provides for the issuance of up to 24,000,000 ordinary shares of Sogou to management and key employees of Sogou and of any present or future parents or subsidiaries or variable interest entities of Sogou. The maximum term of any issued share right under the Sogou 2010 Share Incentive Plan is ten years from the grant date. The Sogou 2010 Share Incentive Plan will expire on October 19, 2020. In March 2011, the Boards of Directors of Sohu and Sogou approved a program of grants pursuant to which, on April 1, 2011, Sogou issued options for the purchase of 18,930,500 ordinary shares.
These share options will become vested and exercisable in four equal installments, with each installment vesting upon Sogous achievement of the performance target for the corresponding period. The performance target for each installment will be set at the beginning of each vesting period, therefore each installment is considered to be granted at that date.
Share-based Awards to Sohu management
Under an arrangement approved by the Boards of Directors of Sohu and Sogou in March 2011, Sohu has the right to provide to Sohus management and key employees the opportunity to purchase from Sohu up to 12,000,000 ordinary shares of Sogou at a fixed exercise price of $0.625 per share. Of these 12,000,000 ordinary shares, 8,800,000 are Sogou ordinary shares previously held by Sohu and 3,200,000 are Sogou ordinary shares that were newly-issued on April 14, 2011 by Sogou to Sohu at a price of $0.625 per share, or a total of $2 million. During the second quarter of 2011, Sogou issued options for the purchase of 8,773,000 Sogou ordinary shares options to Sohu management and key employees under this arrangement. These share options will become vested and exercisable in four equal installments, with each installment vesting upon Sogous achievement of the performance target for the corresponding period. The performance target for each installment will be set at the beginning of each period, therefore each installment is considered to be granted at that date.
-11-
Sohus Shareholding in Sogou
Shareholding and Control
As of June 30, 2011, Sogou had outstanding a combined total of 216,000,000 ordinary shares and Series A preferred shares, consisting of (i) 139,200,000 ordinary shares held by Sohu; (ii) 24,000,000 Series A preferred shares held by Alibaba; (iii) 14,400,000 Series A preferred shares held by China Web; (iv) 38,400,000 Series A preferred shares held by Photon.
As of June 30, 2011, Sohu held 64.4% of the combined total of Sogous outstanding ordinary shares and Series A preferred shares. As a result, Sohu had the power to elect the entire Board of Directors of Sogou and determine the outcome of all matters submitted to a shareholder vote. As Sogous controlling shareholder, Sohu will continue to consolidate Sogou in Sohus consolidated financial statements but recognize noncontrolling interest reflecting shares held by shareholders other than Sohu, as discussed in Note 13 Noncontrolling Interest Noncontrolling Interest for Sogou.
Dilutive Impact
Because no ordinary shares will be issued with respect to these share options granted by Sogou until they are vested and exercised, the Sogou shares underlying the unvested share options granted by Sogou are not included as outstanding shares of Sogou, and have no impact on Sohus basic net income per share. In addition, as no Sogou share options will be vested until the applicable performance targets are met, the share options have no dilutive impact on Sohus diluted net income per share until they are vested. See Note 14 Net Income per Share.
4. | Segment Information |
There are five business segments that constitute the primary reporting segments of Sohu Group. They are Changyou, which mainly consists of online game business, Sogou, which mainly consists of Sogou search and start-up page business, online brand advertising, wireless and others. Beginning with the second quarter of 2011, to better reflect managements perspective and match the segment with the entity, the Company changed the segment name of game and sponsored search to Changyou and Sogou, respectively.
In 2010, the chief operating decision maker (CODM) began reviewing certain additional information for the Sogou segment. Accordingly, the Company has adjusted the Sogou segment operating performance measurement disclosures to include income from operations and the main segment assets for the Sogou segment. For the remaining segments, the operating performance measurements are unchanged.
Consistent with prior periods, some items, such as share-based compensation expense, operating expenses, other income and expense, and income tax expense, are not reviewed by the CODM. These items are disclosed in the segment information for reconciliation purposes only.
The Company has restated the presentation of its segments for prior periods to conform to the current presentation, and it will restate all comparable periods hereafter.
-12-
The following tables present summary information by segment (in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Online Brand Advertising, Wireless
and Others |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Online Brand Advertising |
Wireless | Others | Online Brand Advertising, Wireless and Others |
Changyou | Sogou | Intercompany Eliminations |
Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues (1) |
$ | 70,102 | $ | 11,645 | $ | 694 | $ | 82,441 | $ | 105,025 | $ | 13,706 | $ | (2,467 | ) | $ | 198,705 | |||||||||||||||
Segment cost of revenues |
(25,294 | ) | (7,109 | ) | (76 | ) | (32,479 | ) | (14,075 | ) | (6,104 | ) | 49 | (52,609 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
Segment gross profit (loss) |
$ | 44,808 | $ | 4,536 | $ | 618 | 49,962 | 90,950 | 7,602 | (2,418 | ) | 146,096 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SBC (2) in cost of revenues |
(536 | ) | (19 | ) | 0 | 0 | (555 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross profit |
49,426 | 90,931 | 7,602 | (2,418 | ) | 145,541 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Product development |
(8,275 | ) | (11,062 | ) | (4,100 | ) | 0 | (23,437 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
(23,247 | ) | (11,672 | ) | (4,943 | ) | 2,418 | (37,444 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
(5,629 | ) | (5,021 | ) | (764 | ) | 0 | (11,414 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
(91 | ) | (458 | ) | (48 | ) | 0 | (597 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
SBC (2) in operating expenses |
(1,604 | ) | (1,363 | ) | (974 | ) | 80 | (3,861 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
(38,846 | ) | (29,576 | ) | (10,829 | ) | 2,498 | (76,753 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating profit |
10,580 | 61,355 | (3,227 | ) | 80 | 68,788 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other income /(expense) |
2,078 | (602 | ) | 3 | 0 | 1,479 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income and exchange difference |
(492 | ) | 2,172 | (59 | ) | 0 | 1,621 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
(1,927 | ) | (8,354 | ) | 0 | 0 | (10,281 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 10,239 | $ | 54,571 | $ | (3,283 | ) | $ | 80 | $ | 61,607 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note (1): | The intercompany elimination for segment revenues mainly consists of marketing services provided by the online brand advertising segment (banner advertisements etc.) to the Changyou segment. |
Note (2): | SBC stands for share-based compensation expense. |
Three Months Ended June 30, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Online Brand Advertising, Wireless
and Others |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Online Brand Advertising |
Wireless | Others | Online Brand Advertising, Wireless and Others |
Changyou | Sogou | Intercompany Eliminations |
Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues (1) |
$ | 55,676 | $ | 11,073 | $ | 269 | $ | 67,018 | $ | 77,721 | $ | 3,951 | $ | (2,593 | ) | $ | 146,097 | |||||||||||||||
Segment cost of revenues |
(21,052 | ) | (5,810 | ) | (503 | ) | (27,365 | ) | (6,965 | ) | (3,352 | ) | 9 | (37,673 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
Segment gross profit (loss) |
$ | 34,624 | $ | 5,263 | $ | (234 | ) | 39,653 | 70,756 | 599 | (2,584 | ) | 108,424 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SBC (2) in cost of revenues |
(1,205 | ) | 43 | 0 | 0 | (1,248 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross profit |
38,448 | 70,713 | 599 | (2,584 | ) | 107,176 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Product development |
(4,567 | ) | (6,731 | ) | (3,365 | ) | 0 | (14,663 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
(16,891 | ) | (11,679 | ) | (2,374 | ) | 2,514 | (28,430 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
(3,676 | ) | (3,653 | ) | (244 | ) | 0 | (7,573 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
(91 | ) | (2 | ) | (46 | ) | 0 | (139 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
SBC (2) in operating expenses |
(2,428 | ) | (1,937 | ) | (840 | ) | 0 | (5,205 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
(27,653 | ) | (24,002 | ) | (6,869 | ) | 2,514 | (56,010 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating profit |
10,795 | 46,711 | (6,270 | ) | (70 | ) | 51,166 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other income /(expense) |
(717 | ) | 381 | 6 | 0 | (330 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income and exchange difference |
160 | 803 | (5 | ) | 0 | 958 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
(525 | ) | (5,804 | ) | 0 | 0 | (6,329 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 9,713 | $ | 42,091 | $ | (6,269 | ) | $ | (70 | ) | $ | 45,465 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-13-
Note (1): | The intercompany elimination for segment revenues mainly consists of marketing services provided by the online brand advertising segment (banner advertisements etc.) to the Changyou segment. |
Note (2): | SBC stands for share-based compensation expense. |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Online Brand Advertising, Wireless
and Others |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Online Brand Advertising |
Wireless | Others | Online Brand Advertising, Wireless and Others |
Changyou | Sogou | Intercompany Eliminations |
Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues (1) |
$ | 129,384 | $ | 23,349 | $ | 1,138 | $ | 153,871 | $ | 202,114 | $ | 21,850 | $ | (4,761 | ) | $ | 373,074 | |||||||||||||||
Segment cost of revenues |
(47,202 | ) | (14,001 | ) | (156 | ) | (61,359 | ) | (25,600 | ) | (10,981 | ) | 214 | (97,726 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
Segment gross profit (loss) |
$ | 82,182 | $ | 9,348 | $ | 982 | 92,512 | 176,514 | 10,869 | (4,547 | ) | 275,348 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SBC (2) in cost of revenues |
(1,238 | ) | (52 | ) | 0 | 0 | (1,290 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross profit |
91,274 | 176,462 | 10,869 | (4,547 | ) | 274,058 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Product development |
(15,450 | ) | (20,958 | ) | (8,039 | ) | 0 | (44,447 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
(41,698 | ) | (20,207 | ) | (9,174 | ) | 4,547 | (66,532 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
(10,186 | ) | (9,782 | ) | (1,772 | ) | 0 | (21,740 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
(181 | ) | (512 | ) | (96 | ) | 0 | (789 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
SBC (2) in operating expenses |
(3,709 | ) | (3,100 | ) | (1,690 | ) | 105 | (8,394 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
(71,224 | ) | (54,559 | ) | (20,771 | ) | 4,652 | (141,902 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating profit |
20,050 | 121,903 | (9,902 | ) | 105 | 132,156 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other income /(expense) |
2,915 | (931 | ) | 5 | 0 | 1,989 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income and exchange difference |
170 | 3,855 | (111 | ) | 0 | 3,914 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
(3,876 | ) | (17,407 | ) | 0 | 0 | (21,283 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 19,259 | $ | 107,420 | $ | (10,008 | ) | $ | 105 | $ | 116,776 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note (1): | The intercompany elimination for segment revenues mainly consists of marketing services provided by the online brand advertising segment (banner advertisements etc.) to the Changyou segment. |
Note (2): | SBC stands for share-based compensation expense. |
-14-
Six Months Ended June 30, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Online Brand Advertising, Wireless
and Others |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Online Brand Advertising |
Wireless | Others | Online Brand Advertising, Wireless and Others |
Changyou | Sogou | Intercompany Eliminations |
Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues (1) |
$ | 98,268 | $ | 24,361 | $ | 2,027 | $ | 124,656 | $ | 149,793 | $ | 6,865 | $ | (5,763 | ) | $ | 275,551 | |||||||||||||||
Segment cost of revenues |
(37,368 | ) | (12,721 | ) | (997 | ) | (51,086 | ) | (12,282 | ) | (6,117 | ) | 21 | (69,464 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
Segment gross profit (loss) |
$ | 60,900 | $ | 11,640 | $ | 1,323 | 73,570 | 137,511 | 748 | (5,742 | ) | 206,087 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SBC (2) in cost of revenues |
(2,173 | ) | (110 | ) | 0 | 0 | (2,283 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross profit |
71,397 | 137,401 | 748 | (5,742 | ) | 203,804 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Product development |
(8,688 | ) | (12,158 | ) | (6,890 | ) | 0 | (27,736 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
(29,327 | ) | (21,303 | ) | (5,448 | ) | 5,594 | (50,484 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
(7,767 | ) | (7,116 | ) | (480 | ) | 0 | (15,363 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
(182 | ) | (4 | ) | (61 | ) | 0 | (247 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
SBC (2) in operating expenses |
(4,339 | ) | (4,840 | ) | (1,519 | ) | 0 | (10,698 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
(50,303 | ) | (45,421 | ) | (14,398 | ) | 5,594 | (104,528 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating profit |
21,094 | 91,980 | (13,650 | ) | (148 | ) | 99,276 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other income /(expense) |
(629 | ) | 282 | (8 | ) | 0 | (355 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income and exchange difference |
543 | 1,618 | (4 | ) | 0 | 2,157 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
(2,209 | ) | (12,083 | ) | 0 | 0 | (14,292 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 18,799 | $ | 81,797 | $ | (13,662 | ) | $ | (148 | ) | $ | 86,786 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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|
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
Note (1): | The intercompany elimination for segment revenues mainly consists of marketing services provided by the online brand advertising segment (banner advertisements etc.) to the Changyou segment. |
Note (2): | SBC stands for share-based compensation expense. |
As of June 30, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Online Brand Advertising, Wireless and Others |
Changyou | Sogou | Intercompany Eliminations |
Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 266,835 | $ | 398,314 | $ | 52,906 | $ | 0 | $ | 718,055 | ||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net |
70,688 | 13,974 | 1,380 | (44 | ) | 85,998 | ||||||||||||||
Fixed assets, net |
57,544 | 60,266 | 16,487 | 0 | 134,297 | |||||||||||||||
Total assets (1) |
$ | 696,459 | $ | 728,033 | $ | 74,105 | $ | (38,291 | ) | $ | 1,460,306 |
Note (1): | The intercompany elimination for segment assets mainly consists of marketing services provided by the online brand advertising segment to the Changyou segment. |
As of December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Online Brand Advertising, Wireless and Others |
Changyou | Sogou | Intercompany Eliminations |
Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 277,910 | $ | 350,957 | $ | 49,522 | $ | 0 | $ | 678,389 | ||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net |
61,134 | 1,464 | 5 | 0 | 62,603 | |||||||||||||||
Fixed assets, net |
54,461 | 53,659 | 12,507 | 0 | 120,627 | |||||||||||||||
Total assets (1) |
$ | 626,202 | $ | 502,311 | $ | 65,170 | $ | (6,093 | ) | $ | 1,187,590 |
Note (1): | The intercompany elimination for segment assets mainly consists of marketing services provided by the online brand advertising segment to the Changyou segment. |
-15-
5. | Share-Based Compensation Expense |
Sohu, Changyou and Sogou all have incentive plans for the granting of share-based awards, including common stock/ ordinary shares, share options, restricted shares and restricted share units, to their employees and directors.
Share-based compensation expense is recognized as costs and/or expenses in the consolidated financial statements based on the fair value of the related share-based awards on their grant dates. Share-based compensation expense is charged to the shareholders equity or noncontrolling interest section in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 11 - Sohu.com Inc. Shareholders Equity - Stock Incentive Plan.
Share-based compensation expense was recognized in costs and/or expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense | 2011 | 2010 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||
Cost of revenues |
$ | 555 | $ | 1,248 | $ | 1,290 | $ | 2,283 | ||||||||
Product development expenses |
1,421 | 2,218 | 3,193 | 4,663 | ||||||||||||
Sales and marketing expenses |
872 | 1,176 | 1,961 | 2,131 | ||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses |
1,568 | 1,811 | 3,240 | 3,904 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
$ | 4,416 | $ | 6,453 | $ | 9,684 | $ | 12,981 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There was no capitalized share-based compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.
Share-based compensation expense recognized for share awards of Sohu, Changyou and Sogou, respectively, was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense | 2011 | 2010 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||
For Sohus share-based awards |
$ | 2,593 | $ | 4,498 | $ | 6,128 | $ | 8,083 | ||||||||
For Changyous share-based awards |
1,305 | 1,955 | 3,038 | 4,898 | ||||||||||||
For Sogous share-based awards |
518 | 0 | 518 | 0 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
$ | 4,416 | $ | 6,453 | $ | 9,684 | $ | 12,981 | |||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6. | Income Taxes |
Sohu and Changyou.com (US) Inc. are subject to income taxes in the United States (U.S.). The majority of the subsidiaries and VIEs of the Company are based in mainland China and are subject to income taxes in the PRC. These China-based subsidiaries and VIEs conduct substantially all of the Companys operations, and generate most of the Companys income.
The Company did not have any interest or penalties associated with tax positions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, nor did the Company have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions as of June 30, 2011.
PRC Corporate Income Tax
Related to New and High Technology Enterprises
Under the previous PRC income tax law, which expired on December 31, 2007, New and High Technology Enterprises (NHTEs) located in the Zhongguancun zone of Beijing (BJ ZGC) were exempted from income tax for three years beginning with their first year of operations and were entitled to a 50% tax reduction to 7.5% for the subsequent three years and 15% thereafter. The years during which NHTEs enjoy preferential tax rates are known as tax holidays.
Effective January 1, 2008, the current PRC Corporate Income Tax Law (the CIT Law) imposes a unified income tax rate of 25% for both domestic and wholly foreign-owned enterprises (WFOEs) but grants preferential tax treatment to NHTEs. Under the CIT Law, NHTEs can enjoy a preferential income tax rate of 15% for three years but need to re-apply after the end of the three-year period. The current CIT Law provides grandfathering treatment allowing NHTEs to continue to enjoy their unexpired tax holidays under the previous PRC income tax law, as long as these NHTEs continue to meet the criteria for NHTEs under the current CIT Law and were (i) qualified as NHTEs under the previous PRC income tax law, and (ii) established before March 16, 2007.
-16-
Three China-based subsidiaries, Beijing Sohu New Era Information Technology Co., Ltd. (Sohu Era), Beijing Sohu New Media Information Technology Co., Ltd. (Sohu Media) and Beijing Sogou Technology Development Co., Ltd. (Sogou Technology), qualified as NHTEs during the year ended December 31, 2008. In July 2011, in accordance with guidance issued by governmental authorities, these three companies resubmitted application materials for qualification as NHTEs. Pending approval of these resubmitted applications, the three companies will be entitled to continue to enjoy their beneficial tax rates as if they had already qualified as NHTEs for 2011. Therefore, for the year 2011, Sohu Era will be subject to a 15% income tax rate; Sohu Media and Sogou Technology will enjoy a 7.5% income tax rate due to their unexpired tax holidays.
Two China-based VIEs, Beijing Sohu Internet Information Service Co., Ltd. (Sohu Internet) and Beijing Sogou Information Service Co., Ltd. (Sogou Information), qualified as NHTEs during the year ended December 31, 2009. These two companies will reapply for qualification in 2012. In 2011, Sohu Internet will be subject to a 15% income tax rate and Sogou Information will enjoy a 7.5% income tax rate due to its unexpired tax holiday.
Related to Software Enterprises
Under the current CIT Law, a Software Enterprise can enjoy an income tax exemption for two years beginning with its first profitable year and a 50% tax reduction to a rate of 12.5% for the subsequent three years.
In 2008, the China-based subsidiary and the VIE of Changyou, Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd. (AmazGame) and Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (Gamease) qualified as Software Enterprises. As a result, both AmazGame and Gamease became subject to a 0% income tax rate for the full year 2008 and a 50% tax reduction to a rate of 12.5% from the fiscal year 2009 through the fiscal year 2011. In 2009, 7Road qualified as a Software Enterprise, which entitled 7Road to an income tax exemption in 2009 and 2010. 7Road became subject to a 50% tax reduction to a rate of 12.5% from the fiscal year 2011 through the fiscal year 2013. Beijing Changyou Gamespace Software Technology Co., Ltd. (Gamespace), Beijing Guanyou Gamespace Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (Guanyou Gamespace), ICE Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (ICE WFOE) and Shanghai ICE Information Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai ICE) have qualified as Software Enterprises and will be entitled to an income tax exemption for two years beginning with their first profitable year and 50% tax reduction for the subsequent three years.
7. | Commitments and Contingencies |
Contractual Obligation
The Company entered into an agreement to purchase an office building to be built in Beijing, which will serve as the Companys headquarters, for a purchase price of $124 million. As of June 30, 2011, $80 million had been paid and was recognized as prepaid non-current assets in the Companys consolidated financial statements. The remaining $44 million payment will be settled in installments as various stages of the development plan are completed. Construction is expected to be completed by the end of 2012.
Changyou entered into an agreement to purchase an office building to be built in Beijing, which will serve as its headquarters, for a purchase price of approximately $153 million. As of June 30, 2011, $61 million had been paid and was recognized as prepaid non-current assets in the Companys consolidated financial statements. The remaining $92 million payment will be settled in installments as various stages of the development plan are completed. Construction is expected to be completed by the end of 2012.
The Sohu Group also has some commitments related to future minimum content and service purchases, operating lease obligations, and license fees of games developed by third-parties.
Litigation
The Sohu Group is a party to various litigation matters which it considers routine and incidental to its business. Management does not expect the results of any of these actions to have a material adverse effect on the Companys business, results of operations or financial condition.
In March 2008, the Sohu Group was sued by four major record companies, Sony BMG, Warner, Universal and Gold Label, which alleged that the Sohu Group provided music search links and download services that violated copyrights they owned. As of June 30, 2011, the lawsuits with these four record companies were still in process. At this stage, an estimation of the loss cannot be made.
-17-
Laws and Regulations
The Chinese market in which the Sohu Group operates poses certain macro-economic and regulatory risks and uncertainties. These uncertainties extend to the ability to operate an Internet business and to conduct online brand advertising, online game, Sogou search and start-up page, wireless and others services in the PRC. Though the PRC has, since 1978, implemented a wide range of market-oriented economic reforms, continued reforms and progress towards a full market-oriented economy are uncertain. In addition, the telecommunication, information, and media industries remain highly regulated. Restrictions are currently in place and are unclear with respect to which segments of these industries foreign-owned entities, like the Sohu Group, may operate. The Chinese government may issue from time to time new laws or new interpretations of existing laws to regulate areas such as telecommunication, information and media.
Regulatory risks also encompass the interpretation by the tax authorities of current tax laws and regulations, including the applicability of certain preferential tax treatments. The Sohu Groups legal structure and scope of operations in China could be subject to restrictions, which could result in severe limits on its ability to conduct business in the PRC.
The Sohu Groups sales, purchase and expense transactions are generally denominated in RMB and a significant portion of the Sohu Groups assets and liabilities are denominated in RMB. The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. In China, foreign exchange transactions are required by law to be transacted only by authorized financial institutions. Remittances in currencies other than RMB by its subsidiaries in China may require certain supporting documentation in order to effect the remittance.
8. | Fair Value Measurements |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Companys financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, investment in debt securities, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The carrying amount of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximates their fair value, other financial instruments are measured at their respective fair values. For fair value measurement, U.S. GAAP establishes a three-tier hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:
Level 1 - observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 - include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the market place.
Level 3 - unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.
The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.
The following table sets forth the financial instruments, measured at fair value, by level within the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2011 (in thousands):
Fair value measurement at reporting date using | ||||||||||||||||
Items |
As of June 30, 2011 |
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
||||||||||||
Cash equivalents |
$ | 368,652 | $ | 0 | $ | 368,652 | $ | 0 | ||||||||
Short-term investments |
16,070 | 0 | 16,070 | 0 | ||||||||||||
Investment in debt securities |
77,280 | 0 | 0 | 77,280 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total |
$ | 462,002 | $ | 0 | $ | 384,722 | $ | 77,280 | ||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-18-
The following table sets forth the financial instruments, measured at fair value, by level within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2010 (in thousands):
Fair value measurement at reporting date using | ||||||||||||||||||
Items |
As of December 31, 2010 |
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
||||||||||||||
Cash equivalents |
$ | 355,775 | $ | 0 | $ | 355,775 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Investment in debt securities |
75,529 | 0 | 0 | 75,529 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Total |
$ | 431,304 | $ | 0 | $ | 355,775 | $ | 75,529 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (level 3) from December 31, 2010 to June 30, 2011 (in thousands):
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Debt Securities |
||||
Beginning balance at December 31, 2010 |
$ | 75,529 | ||
Gains included in other income |
1,751 | |||
|
|
|||
Ending balance at June 30, 2011 |
$ | 77,280 | ||
|
|
Cash equivalents:
The Companys cash equivalents mainly consist of time deposits placed with banks for less than three months. The fair value of time deposits is determined based on the pervasive interest rates in the market, which are also the interest rates as stated in the contracts with the banks. The Company classifies the valuation techniques that use the pervasive interest rates input as Level 2 of fair value measurement. See above Fair Value of Financial Instruments.
Short-term investments
In accordance with ASC 825, for investments in financial instruments with a variable interest rate indexed to performance of underlying assets, the Company elected the fair value method at the date of initial recognition and carried these investments at fair value. Changes in the fair value are reflected in the consolidated statements of income as other income. To estimate fair value, the Company used the marked-to-market method to refer to the price of similar products provided by issuers at the end of each period end. The Company classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 2 of fair value measurement. See above Fair Value of Financial Instruments.
As of June 30, 2011, the Companys investments in financial instruments were mainly held by 7Road, totaling approximately $15.3 million. The investments are issued by commercial banks in China with a variable interest rate indexed to performance of underlying assets. Since these investments maturity dates are within one year, they are classified as short-term investments. During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Company recorded $40,000 interest income from short-term investments in the consolidated statements of operations.
Investment in Debt Securities
In September 2010, the Company purchased from a PRC-based company (the Debtor) a convertible debt security with a principal amount of $74.6 million (equal to RMB0.5 billion) with an initial maturity of twelve months subject to extension at the Companys election in its sole discretion for additional sequential six-month periods, and bearing interest at the rate of 3.8% per annum, payable quarterly in cash. The Debtors obligations on the debt are secured by a pledge from the Debtors parent company of its entire equity interest in the Debtor. Under the terms of the security, if the Company continues to extend the maturity to March 31, 2014, it will have an option, exercisable on March 31, 2014, to convert the outstanding principal into fixed percentages of equity interests in two companies which are affiliates of the Debtor. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, the interest income generated from this debt security amounted to $0.74 million and $1.45 million respectively.
The Company elected the fair value option to account for its investments in debt securities at their initial recognition. Changes in fair value generated from currency translation in the amount of $1.06 million and $1.75 million, respectively, were recognized in other income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011. There is no difference between the fair value and the unpaid principal balance of the debt securities as of June 30, 2011. To estimate fair value, the Company used the income approach, which considers the estimated future return from the investment and the probabilities of getting these returns. The Company classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 3 of fair value measurement. See above Fair Value of Financial Instruments.
-19-
9. | Business Combinations |
Acquisition of 7Road
On May 11, 2011, Changyou acquired 68.258% of the equity interests of 7Road for fixed cash consideration of approximately $68.26 million, plus additional variable cash consideration of up to a maximum of $32.76 million that is contingent upon the achievement of specified performance milestones through December 31, 2012. 7Road is primarily engaged in web-based game development. The Company began to consolidate 7Roads financial statements commencing June 1, 2011. The purpose of the acquisition was to accelerate Changyous position in Chinas online games industry and add a new category of games to Changyous growing product portfolio.
On the acquisition date, the allocation of the consideration of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair value was as follows (in thousands):
As of June 1, 2011 | ||||
Cash consideration |
$ | 68,258 | ||
Contingent consideration |
28,051 | |||
|
|
|||
Total consideration |
96,309 | |||
|
|
|||
Receivables |
7,440 | |||
Other tangible assets |
22,213 | |||
Completed Game |
20,837 | |||
Games under development |
3,561 | |||
Other identifiable intangible assets acquired |
986 | |||
Goodwill |
103,366 | |||
Liabilities assumed |
(8,983 | ) | ||
Fair value of noncontrolling interest and put option |
(53,111 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
Total |
$ | 96,309 | ||
|
|
The excess of the purchase price over tangible assets, identifiable intangible assets acquired, and liabilities assumed was recorded as goodwill. The acquired identifiable intangible assets were valued by various approaches, including the income approach and the replacement cost approach, as appropriate. As of June 30, 2011, no measurement period adjustment had been recorded.
The fair value of noncontrolling interest in 7Road has been determined mainly based on the number of shares held by noncontrolling shareholders and the equity value close to the acquisition date, taking into consideration other factors, as appropriate. If 7Road achieves specified performance milestones, subject to certain other specified circumstances the noncontrolling shareholders will have the right to put their equity interests in 7Road to Changyou at a pre-determined price agreed upon at the acquisition date (the put option). In accordance with ASC480, the Company measured this noncontrolling interest and a put option at their acquisition-date fair value. An independent valuation firm was hired to determine the fair value upon the acquisition date.
The acquisition of 7Road includes a contingent consideration arrangement that requires additional consideration to be paid by Changyou based on the future financial performance of 7Road over a period through December 31, 2012. The range of the undiscounted amounts the Company could pay under the contingent consideration agreement is between nil and $32.76 million. The fair value of the contingent consideration recognized on the acquisition date of $28.05 million was estimated by an independent valuation firm, with the income approach applied. There are no indemnification assets involved.
Total identifiable intangible assets acquired upon acquisition mainly include completed game, games under development and other identifiable intangible assets acquired, including non-compete agreement of $179,000, and relationship with operator of $807,000. The games under development will be subject to amortization after completion. Completed game and other identifiable intangible assets acquired are amortized over an estimated average weighted useful life of five years. Total goodwill of $103.37 million primarily represents the expected synergies from combining operations of 7Road with those of Changyou, which are expected to be complementary to each other. In accordance with ASC350, goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment and is not deductible for tax purposes.
Acquisition of Shanghai Jingmao and its affiliate
In May 2010, Changyou acquired 50% of the equity interests in each of Shanghai Jing Mao Culture Communication Co. Limited (Shanghai Jingmao) and its affiliate which are primarily engaged in the cinema advertising business in China. The investment was accounted for under the equity method of accounting due to Changyous inability to control Shanghai Jingmao. At the end of January 2011, Changyou acquired the remaining 50% of the equity interests in each of Shanghai Jingmao and its affiliate for total consideration of approximately $3.0 million. Payments for $1.0 million of the total consideration are contingent upon occurrence of certain specified events and management considers the possibility of Changyou making gains due to the non-occurrence of the specified events to be remote. With unilateral control of 100% of the voting equity interests of Shanghai Jingmao and its affiliate, Changyou started to consolidate Shanghai Jingmao and its affiliates financial statements commencing February 1, 2011. The purpose of the acquisition was to secure additional advertising resources for the promotion of Changyous online games.
-20
On the acquisition date, the allocation of the consideration of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair value was as follows (in thousands):
As of February 1, 2011 | ||||
Fair value of previously held 50% equity interests |
$ | 2,704 | ||
Consideration for the remaining 50% equity interests |
3,036 | |||
|
|
|||
Total consideration |
5,740 | |||
|
|
|||
Tangible assets |
9,514 | |||
Identifiable intangible assets acquired |
10,101 | |||
Goodwill |
5,147 | |||
Liabilities assumed |
(19,022 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
Total |
$ | 5,740 | ||
|
|
In accordance with ASC805 in a business combination achieved in stages, Changyou re-measured its previously held equity interests in Shanghai Jingmao and its affiliate as at their acquisition-date fair value and recognized a total loss of $613,000 in other expenses in the first quarter of 2011. An independent valuation firm was hired to determine the fair value of the previously held equity interests in Shanghai Jing Mao and its affiliate as of the acquisition date.
The excess of the purchase price over tangible assets, identifiable intangible assets acquired, and liabilities assumed was recorded as goodwill. The acquired identifiable intangible assets were valued by various approaches, including the income approach and the replacement cost approach, as appropriate. As of June 30, 2011, no measurement period adjustment had been recorded. Based on the Companys assessment of their financial performance, Shanghai Jingmao and its affiliate, as stand-alone entities or combined with Sohu through Changyou, are not considered material to the Sohu Group for the period presented.
Total identifiable intangible assets acquired upon acquisition mainly include publishing rights of $8,330,000, partnership relationship of $1,035,000, trade name of $502,000, non-compete agreement of $126,000, and customer list of $108,000. Except for the trade name, which is expected to have an indefinite useful life, other identifiable intangible assets acquired have an estimated average weighted useful life of two years. Under ASC350, intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are not amortized and their remaining useful life is evaluated at each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support an indefinite life. Total goodwill of $5.1 million primarily represents the expected synergies from combining operations of Shanghai Jingmao and its affiliate with those of Changyou, which are complementary to each other. In accordance with ASC350, goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment and is not deductible for tax purposes.
10. | VIEs |
To satisfy PRC laws and regulations, the Company conducts certain business in the PRC through its VIEs. The Company consolidates all of its VIEs in its consolidated financial statements.
All the VIEs are directly or indirectly owned by Dr. Charles Zhang (Dr. Zhang), the Companys Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and a major shareholder, and certain executive officer and employees of the Sohu Group. Capital for these VIEs was funded by the Sohu Group through loans provided to Dr. Zhang and those executive officer and employees, and was initially recorded as loans to related parties. These loans are eliminated for accounting purposes against the capital of the VIEs upon consolidation.
Under contractual agreements with the Sohu Group, Dr. Zhang and those executive officer and employees of the Sohu Group who are shareholders of the VIEs are required to transfer their ownership in these entities to the Sohu Group, if permitted by PRC laws and regulations, or, if not so permitted, to designees of the Sohu Group at any time to repay the loans outstanding. All voting rights of the VIEs are assigned to the Sohu Group, and the Sohu Group has the right to designate all directors and senior management personnel of the VIEs, also has the obligation to absorb losses of the VIEs. Dr. Zhang and those executive officer and employees of the Sohu Group who are shareholders of the VIEs have pledged their shares in the VIEs as collateral for the loans. As of June 30, 2011, the aggregate amount of these loans was $14.4 million.
As of June 30, 2011, the total assets for the consolidated VIEs were $268.3 million, mainly comprising cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and fixed assets. As of June 30, 2011, the total liabilities for the consolidated VIEs were $80.3 million, mainly comprising receipts in advance and deferred revenue and accrued liabilities. These balances are reflected in Sohus consolidated financial statements with intercompany transactions eliminated.
Under the contractual arrangements with the VIEs, the Company has the power to direct activities of the VIEs, and can have assets transferred freely out of the VIEs without any restrictions. Therefore the Company considers that there is no asset of a consolidated VIE that can be used only to settle obligations of the VIE, except for registered capital and PRC statutory reserves of the VIEs amounting to a total of $33.6 million as of June 30, 2011. As all the consolidated VIEs are incorporated as limited liability companies under the PRC Company Law, creditors of the VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for any of the liabilities of the consolidated VIEs, which consisted of receipts in advance and deferred revenue of $41.1 million, accrued liabilities of $20.6 million, taxes payable of $10.6 million, and other accrued liabilities of $8.0 million, totaled $80.3 million. Currently there is no contractual arrangement that could require the Company to provide additional financial support to the consolidated VIEs. As the Company is conducting certain business in the PRC mainly through the VIEs, the Company may provide such support on a discretionary basis in the future, which could expose the Company to a loss.
-21
The following is a summary of the consolidated VIEs within the Sohu Group:
For Online Brand Advertising Business
a) | Sohu Entertainment |
Beijing Sohu Entertainment Culture Media Co., Ltd. (Sohu Entertainment) was incorporated in the PRC in 2002 and is engaged in entertainment and advertising business in the PRC. As of June 30, 2011, the registered capital of Sohu Entertainment was $1.2 million. Xin Wang (Belinda Wang), the Companys Co-President and Chief Operating Officer, and another employee of the Sohu Group, hold 80% and 20% interests, respectively, in this entity.
b) | Tu Xing Tian Xia |
Beijing Tu Xing Tian Xia Information Consultancy Co., Ltd. (Tu Xing Tian Xia) was incorporated in the PRC in 1999 and is engaged in mapping services in the PRC. Tu Xing Tian Xia was acquired by the Company in 2005. As of June 30, 2011, the registered capital of Tu Xing Tian Xia was $0.2 million. Beijing Century High-Tech Investment Co., Ltd. (High Century ) and Sohu Internet hold 56.1% and 43.9% interests, respectively, in this entity.
c) | Donglin |
Beijing Sohu Donglin Advertising Co., Ltd. (Donglin) was incorporated in the PRC in 2010 and is engaged in advertising services in the PRC. As of June 30, 2011, the registered capital of Donglin was $1.5 million. High Century and Sohu Internet each holds a 50% interest in this entity.
d) | Pilot New Era |
Beijing Pilot New Era Advertising Co., Ltd. (Pilot New Era) was incorporated in the PRC in 2010 and is engaged in advertising services in the PRC. As of June 30, 2011, the registered capital of Pilot New Era was $0.7 million. High Century and Sohu Internet each holds a 50% interest in this entity.
For Online Game Business
e) | Gamease |
Gamease was incorporated in the PRC in August 2007. As of June 30, 2011, the registered capital of Gamease was $1.3 million. Tao Wang, Chief Executive Officer of Changyou, and Dewen Chen, President and Chief Operating Officer of Changyou hold 60% and 40% interests, respectively, in this entity.
f) | Shanghai ICE |
Shanghai ICE was incorporated in the PRC in April 2005. Shanghai ICE and ICE WFOE were acquired by Changyou in May 2010. As of June 30, 2011, the registered capital of Shanghai ICE was $1.2 million. Two employees of Changyou each hold a 50% interest in this entity.
g) | Guanyou Gamespace |
Guanyou Gamespace was incorporated in the PRC in August 2010. As of June 30, 2011, the registered capital of Guanyou Gamespace was $1.5 million. Tao Wang, Chief Executive Officer of Changyou, and Dewen Chen, President and Chief Operating Officer of Changyou hold 60% and 40% interests, respectively, in this entity.
h) | 7Road |
7Road was incorporated in the PRC in January 2008. 68.258% of 7Roads equity interests were acquired by Changyou in May 2011. As of June 30, 2011, the registered capital of 7Road was $1.5 million.
-22-
For Sogou Search and Start-up Page Business
i) | Sogou Information |
Sogou Information was incorporated in the PRC in 2005 and is engaged in providing Internet information services in the PRC. As of June 30, 2011, the registered capital of Sogou Information was $2.5 million. Two employees of the Sohu Group each hold a 50% interest in this entity.
For Wireless Businesses
j) | Sohu Internet |
Sohu Internet was incorporated in the PRC in 2003 and is engaged in Internet information, wireless and advertising services in the PRC. As of June 30, 2011, the registered capital of Sohu Internet was $14.9 million. High Century and Sohu Entertainment hold 75% and 25% interests, respectively, in this entity.
k) | GoodFeel |
Beijing GoodFeel Information Technology Co., Ltd. (GoodFeel) was incorporated in the PRC in 2001 and is engaged in value-added telecommunication services in the PRC. GoodFeel was acquired by the Company in 2004. As of June 30, 2011, the registered capital of GoodFeel was $1.2 million. Two employees of the Sohu Group, hold 58.1% and 41.9% interests, respectively, in this entity.
l) | High Century |
High Century was incorporated in the PRC in 2001 and is engaged in investment holding in the PRC. As of June 30, 2011, the registered capital of High Century was $4.6 million. Dr. Zhang and another employee of the Sohu Group, hold 80% and 20% interests, respectively, in this entity.
m) | 21 East Beijing |
Beijing 21 East Culture Development Co., Ltd. (21 East Beijing) was acquired in October 2006. As of June 30, 2011, the registered capital of 21 East Beijing was $0.1 million. High Century holds a 100% interest in this entity.
11. | Sohu.com Inc. Shareholders Equity |
Stockholder Rights Plan
Sohu adopted a stockholder rights plan (the Plan) in 2001. The Plan was designed to deter coercive takeover tactics, including the accumulation of shares in the open market or through private transactions, and to prevent an acquirer from gaining control of Sohu without offering a fair and adequate price and terms to all of Sohus stockholders. In general, the Plan vested stockholders of Sohu with rights to purchase preferred stock of Sohu at a substantial discount from those securities fair market value upon a person or group acquiring without the approval of the Board of Directors more than 20% of the outstanding shares of common stock of Sohu. Any person or group who triggered the purchase right distribution would have become ineligible to participate in the Plan, which would have caused substantial dilution of such person or groups holdings. The rights expired on July 25, 2011.
Stock Incentive Plan
Sohu, Changyou and Sogou all have incentive plans for the granting of share-based awards, including common stock/ordinary shares, share options, restricted shares and restricted share units, to their employees and directors.
1) Sohu.com Inc. Share-based Awards
Sohus 2000 Stock Incentive Plan
Sohus 2000 Stock Incentive Plan (the Sohu 2000 Stock Incentive Plan) provided for the issuance of up to 9,500,000 shares of common stock, including those issued pursuant to the exercise of share options and upon vesting and settlement of restricted share units. The maximum term of any issued stock right under the Sohu 2000 Stock Incentive Plan is ten years from the grant date. The Sohu 2000 Stock Incentive Plan expired on January 24, 2010 and a new plan (the Sohu 2010 Stock Incentive Plan discussed below) was adopted on July 2, 2010. As of the expiration date, 9,128,724 shares of common stock had been issued or were subject to issuance upon the vesting and exercise of share options or the vesting and settlement of restricted share units granted under the plan.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, total share-based compensation expense recognized for awards under the Sohu 2000 Stock Incentive Plan was $2.3 million and $5.5 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, total share-based compensation expense recognized for awards under the Sohu 2000 Stock Incentive Plan was $4.5 million and $8.1 million, respectively.
-23-
i) Summary of share option activity
A summary of options activity under the Sohu 2000 Stock Incentive Plan as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2011 is presented below:
Options |
Number Of Shares (in thousands) |
Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1) (in thousands) |
||||||||||||
Outstanding at January 1, 2011 |
426 | $ | 16.56 | 3.55 | $ | 20,017 | ||||||||||
Exercised |
(89 | ) | 16.14 | |||||||||||||
Forfeited or expired |
0 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Outstanding at June 30, 2011 |
337 | 16.67 | 3.03 | 18,722 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Vested at June 30, 2011 |
337 | 16.67 | 3.03 | 18,722 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Exercisable at June 30, 2011 |
337 | 16.67 | 3.03 | 18,722 | ||||||||||||
|
|
Note (1): The aggregate intrinsic value in the preceding table represents the difference between Sohus closing stock price of $72.27 on June 30, 2011 and the exercise price of share options. The total intrinsic value of share options exercised for the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $6.2 million.
No options have been granted under Sohus 2000 Stock Incentive Plan since 2006. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, no compensation expense was recognized for share options because the requisite service periods for share options had ended by the end of 2009.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, total cash received from the exercise of share options amounted to $0.2 million and $1.4 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, total cash received from the exercise of share options amounted to $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively.
ii) Summary of restricted share unit activity
A summary of restricted share units activity under the Sohu 2000 Stock Incentive Plan as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2011 is presented below:
Restricted Share Units |
Number
of Units (in thousands) |
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value |
||||||
Unvested at January 1, 2011 |
706 | $ | 59.69 | |||||
Granted |
0 | |||||||
Vested |
(204 | ) | 55.80 | |||||
Forfeited |
(22 | ) | 61.27 | |||||
|
|
|||||||
Unvested at June 30, 2011 |
480 | 61.27 | ||||||
|
|
|||||||
Expected to vest thereafter |
356 | 61.27 | ||||||
|
|
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, total share-based compensation expense recognized for restricted share units was $2.3 million and $5.5 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, total share-based compensation expense recognized for restricted share units was $4.5 million and $8.1 million, respectively.
As of June 30, 2011, there was $12.0 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted share units. The expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.0 years. The total fair value on their respective vesting dates of restricted share units vested during the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 was $0.5 million and $14.4 million, respectively. The total fair value on their respective vesting dates of restricted share units vested during the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 was $0.4 million and $2.2 million, respectively.
Sohus 2010 Stock Incentive Plan
On July 2, 2010, the Companys shareholders approved Sohus 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (the Sohu 2010 Stock Incentive Plan), which provides for the issuance of up to 1,500,000 shares of common stock, including those issued pursuant to the vesting and settlement of restricted share units and pursuant to the exercise of share options. The maximum term of any issued stock right under the Sohu 2010 Stock Incentive Plan is ten years from the grant date. The Sohu 2010 Stock Incentive Plan will expire on July 1, 2020. As of June 30, 2011, 1,474,775 shares were available for grant under the Sohu 2010 Stock Incentive Plan.
-24-
A summary of restricted share units activity under the Sohu 2010 Stock Incentive Plan as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2011 is presented below:
Restricted Share Units |
Number
of Units (in thousands) |
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value |
||||||
Unvested at January 1, 2011 |
20 | $ | 70.88 | |||||
Granted |
7 | 64.19 | ||||||
Vested |
0 | |||||||
Forfeited |
(2 | ) | 70.88 | |||||
|
|
|||||||
Unvested at June 30, 2011 |
25 | 68.96 | ||||||
|
|
|||||||
Expected to vest thereafter |
20 | 68.50 | ||||||
|
|
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, total share-based compensation expense recognized for restricted share units was $0.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively.
As of June 30, 2011, there was $1.1 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted share units. The expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.0 years.
2) Changyou.com Limited Share-based Awards
On December 31, 2008, Changyou reserved 2,000,000 of its ordinary shares, which included 1,774,000 Class B ordinary shares and 226,000 Class A ordinary shares, for issuance to certain of its executive officers and employees as incentive compensation under Changyous 2008 Share Incentive Plan (the Changyou 2008 Share Incentive Plan).
In March 2009, the 2,000,000 reserved ordinary shares were subject to a ten-for-one share split effected by Changyou and became 20,000,000 ordinary shares.
Through June 30, 2011, Changyou has granted under the Changyou 2008 Share Incentive Plan 13,000,000 Class B ordinary shares and 2,000,000 Class B restricted ordinary shares to Tao Wang through Prominence and 4,545,200 Class A and Class B restricted share units (settleable by Changyous issuance of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares, respectively) to certain of its executive officers other than Tao Wang and to certain of its employees and Sohus employees.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, total share-based compensation expense recognized for awards under the Changyou 2008 Share Incentive Plan was $1.3 million and $3.0 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, total share-based compensation expense recognized for awards under the Changyou 2008 Share Incentive Plan was $2.0 million and $4.9 million, respectively.
Share-based Awards granted before Changyous Initial Public Offering
i) Share-based Award to Tao Wang, Chief Executive Officer of Changyou
As discussed above in Note 2 - Changyou Transactions, in January 2008, Sohu communicated to and agreed with Tao Wang to grant him 700,000 ordinary shares and 800,000 restricted ordinary shares, in lieu of his contingent right in Beijing Fire Fox. The difference between the fair value (Incremental Fair Value), of these 700,000 ordinary shares and 800,000 restricted ordinary shares and Tao Wangs contingent right in Beijing Fire Fox was accounted for as share-based compensation expense.
In February 2009, 200,000 Class B restricted ordinary shares held by Prominence became vested. Upon this vesting, the number of Class B ordinary shares held beneficially by Tao Wang increased to 900,000 shares and the number of Class B restricted ordinary shares held beneficially by Tao Wang decreased to 600,000 shares.
On March 16, 2009, the ordinary shares described above, which had been issued as 700,000 Class B ordinary shares and 800,000 Class B restricted ordinary shares in January 2009 and had become 900,000 Class B ordinary shares and 600,000 Class B restricted ordinary shares in February 2009 as a result of vesting, became 9,000,000 Class B ordinary shares and 6,000,000 Class B restricted ordinary shares, respectively, as a result of a ten-for-one share split effected by Changyou on that date.
For the 700,000 ordinary shares, because the terms of the issuance of these ordinary shares had been approved and were communicated to and agreed with Tao Wang as of January 2, 2008, this was considered the grant date. Accordingly, the Incremental Fair Value was determined as of that date. The portion of the Incremental Fair Value related to these ordinary shares, equal to $1.8 million, was recognized as share-based compensation expense in product development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2008.
-25-
For the 800,000 restricted ordinary shares, as a result of the modification of their vesting terms in April 2008, the portion of the Incremental Fair Value related to these shares, equal to $7.0 million, was determined in April 2008, and was accounted for as share-based compensation expense over the vesting period starting from the date of the modification, following the accelerated basis of attribution. A summary of activity for these restricted ordinary shares as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2011 is presented below:
Class B Restricted Ordinary Shares |
Number of Shares (in thousands) |
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value |
||||||
Unvested at January 1, 2011 |
4,000 | $ | 1.36 | |||||
Granted |
0 | |||||||
Vested |
(2,000 | ) | 1.36 | |||||
|
|
|||||||
Unvested at June 30, 2011 |
2,000 | 1.36 | ||||||
|
|
|||||||
Expected to vest thereafter |
2,000 | 1.36 | ||||||
|
|
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, total share-based compensation expense recognized for the abovementioned Class B restricted ordinary shares was $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, total share-based compensation expense recognized for the abovementioned Class B restricted ordinary shares was $0.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively.
As of June 30, 2011, there was $0.3 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the unvested Class B restricted ordinary shares. The total fair value of Class B restricted ordinary shares vested to Tao Wang on their respective vesting dates during the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 was nil and $39.7 million, respectively. The total fair value of Class B restricted ordinary shares vested to Tao Wang on their respective vesting dates during the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 was nil and $32.7 million, respectively.
The fair value of the ordinary shares and restricted ordinary shares was assessed using the income approach/discounted cash flow method, with a discount for lack of marketability given that the shares underlying the award were not publicly traded at the time of grant, and was determined partly in reliance on a report prepared by a qualified professional appraiser using managements estimates and assumptions. This assessment required complex and subjective judgments regarding Changyous projected financial and operating results, its unique business risks, the liquidity of its ordinary shares and its operating history and prospects at the time the grants were made.
ii) Share-based Awards to Executive Officers (other than Tao Wang) and Certain Key Employees
In April 2008, Changyou approved and communicated to executive officers other than Tao Wang the grant of an aggregate of 180,000 restricted ordinary shares and to certain key employees the grant of an aggregate of 94,000 restricted share units of Changyou (settleable in ordinary shares upon vesting). These restricted ordinary shares and restricted share units were subject to vesting over a four-year period commencing on February 1, 2008, with initial vesting also subject to the listing of Changyous ordinary shares in an initial public offering by Changyou. The fair value of the awards at grant date was recognized in the consolidated statements of operations starting from April 2, 2009, when ADSs representing Changyous Class A ordinary shares were first listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.
On January 15, 2009, Changyou issued 180,000 Class B restricted ordinary shares to executive officers other than Tao Wang and granted 94,000 Class B restricted share units to certain key employees, the grant of which had been approved and communicated in April 2008 as described above.
On March 13, 2009, Changyou exchanged the 180,000 Class B restricted ordinary shares for Class B restricted share units (settleable in Class B ordinary shares), that otherwise have the same vesting and other terms as applied to the Class B restricted ordinary shares described above. Following the exchange, Class B restricted share units granted to executive officers other than Tao Wang and certain key employees totaled 274,000.
On March 16, 2009, the above 274,000 Class B restricted share units became 2,740,000 Class B restricted share units as a result of the ten-for-one share split effected on that date.
-26-
A summary of activity for the above Class B restricted share units as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2011 is presented below:
Class B Restricted Share Units |
Number of Units (in thousands) |
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value |
||||||
Unvested at January 1, 2011 |
1,320 | $ | 1.98 | |||||
Granted |
0 | |||||||
Vested |
(660 | ) | 1.98 | |||||
Forfeited |
(25 | ) | 1.98 | |||||
|
|
|||||||
Unvested at June 30, 2011 |
635 | 1.98 | ||||||
|
|
|||||||
Expected to vest thereafter |
635 | 1.98 | ||||||
|
|
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, total share-based compensation expense recognized for the above 2,740,000 Class B restricted share units was $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, total share-based compensation expense recognized for the above 2,740,000 Class B restricted share units was $0.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively.
As of June 30, 2011, there was $0.2 million of unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to the unvested Class B restricted share units. The total fair value of Class B restricted share units vested to Changyous executive officers (other than Tao Wang) and its employees on their respective vesting dates during the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 was nil and $13.1 million, respectively. The total fair value of Class B restricted share units vested to Changyous executive officers (other than Tao Wang) and its employees on their respective vesting dates during the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 was nil and $11.2 million, respectively.
The methods Changyou used to determine the fair value as of the April 2008 grant date of these Class B restricted share units were the same as the methods used for the restricted ordinary shares granted to Tao Wang as described above.
iii) Share-based Awards to Other Employees
On February 17, 2009, Changyou granted an aggregate of 45,600 Class A restricted share units (settleable in Class A ordinary shares) to certain of its employees. These restricted share units are subject to vesting over a four-year period commencing upon the completion of the listing of Changyous Class A ordinary shares in an initial public offering by Changyou. The grant date fair value of the awards was recognized in Sohus consolidated statements of operations starting from April 2, 2009, when ADSs representing Changyous Class A ordinary shares were first listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.
On March 16, 2009, the above 45,600 Class A restricted share units became 456,000 Class A restricted share units as a result of a ten-for-one share split effected on that date.
A summary of activity for the Class A restricted share units as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2011 is presented below:
Class A Restricted Share Units |
Number of Units (in thousands) |
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value |
||||||
Unvested at January 1, 2011 |
282 | $ | 8.00 | |||||
Granted |
0 | |||||||
Vested |
(94 | ) | 8.00 | |||||
Forfeited |
(2 | ) | 8.00 | |||||
|
|
|||||||
Unvested at June 30, 2011 |
186 | 8.00 | ||||||
|
|
|||||||
Expected to vest thereafter |
167 | 8.00 | ||||||
|
|
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, total share-based compensation expense recognized for the above 456,000 Class A restricted share units was $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, total share-based compensation expense recognized for the above 456,000 Class A restricted share units was $0.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively.
As of June 30, 2011, there was $0.6 million of unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to the unvested Class A restricted share units. The total fair value of Class A restricted share units vested to Changyous employees on their respective vesting dates was $1.6 million both for the three months and for the six months ended June 30, 2011. The total fair value of Class A restricted share units vested to Changyous employees on their respective vesting dates was $1.7 million both for the three and for the six months ended June 30, 2010.
The fair value of these Class A restricted share units as of the February 17, 2009 grant date was determined based on Changyous offering price for its initial public offering, which was $8.00 per Class A ordinary share.
Share-based Awards granted after Changyous Initial Public Offering
i) Share-based Awards to Executive Officers (other than Tao Wang) and Certain Key Employees
-27-
As of June 30, 2011, Changyou had granted an aggregate of 1,289,200 Class A restricted share units (settleable in Class A ordinary shares) to certain of its executive officers other than Tao Wang and to certain of its employees. These Class A restricted share units are subject to vesting over a four-year period commencing on their grant dates. A summary of activity for the Class A restricted share units as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2011 is presented below:
Class A Restricted Share Units |
Number of Units (in thousands) |
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value |
||||||
Unvested at January 1, 2011 |
925 | $ | 12.54 | |||||
Granted |
62 | 17.19 | ||||||
Vested |
(304 | ) | 12.30 | |||||
Forfeited |
(6 | ) | 17.13 | |||||
|
|
|||||||
Unvested at June 30, 2011 |
677 | 12.96 | ||||||
|
|
|||||||
Expected to vest thereafter |
669 | 12.91 | ||||||
|
|
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, total share-based compensation expense recognized for the above 1,289,200 Class A restricted share units was $0.8 million and $1.9 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, total share-based compensation expense recognized for the above 1,289,200 Class A restricted share units was $1.3 million and $3.2 million, respectively.
As of June 30, 2011, there was $3.6 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the unvested Class A restricted share units. The total fair value of Class A restricted share units vested was $6.0 million for both the three and for the six months ended June 30, 2011. The total fair value of Class A restricted share units vested was $4.9 million for both the three and for the six months ended June 30, 2010.
The fair value of restricted share units as of their grant date was determined based on the market price of Changyous ADSs on that date.
ii) Share-based Awards to Sohu Employees
As of June 30, 2011, Changyou had granted an aggregate of 60,000 Class A restricted share units (settleable upon vesting in Class A ordinary shares) to certain Sohu employees for their involvement in the provision of certain online game links and advertising services to Changyou on Sohus Websites, including the 17173.com Website, under a Marketing Service Agreement between Changyou and Sohu. These Class A restricted share units are subject to graded vesting over a four-year period commencing on the grant date. The Company accounted for the Class A restricted share units granted by Changyou to Sohus employees as share awards granted by Sohu to its employees. When preparing the Companys consolidated financial statements, share-based compensation expense for such restricted share units is recognized on an accelerated basis over the requisite service period and the fair value of restricted share units was determined based on the market price of Changyous ADSs on the grant date.
Class A Restricted Share Units |
Number of Units (in thousands) |
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value |
||||||
Unvested at January 1, 2011 |
40 | $ | 18.00 | |||||
Granted |
20 | 17.19 | ||||||
Vested |
0 | |||||||
Forfeited |
0 | |||||||
|
|
|||||||
Unvested at June 30, 2011 |
60 | 17.73 | ||||||
|
|
|||||||
Expected to vest thereafter |
60 | 17.73 | ||||||
|
|
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, total share-based compensation expense recognized for the above 60,000 Class A restricted share units was $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
As of June 30, 2011, there was $0.7 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the unvested Class A restricted share units.
3) Sogou Inc. Share-based Awards
Sogou 2010 Share Incentive Plan
On October 20, 2010, Sogou adopted the Sogou 2010 Share Incentive Plan, which provides for the issuance of up to 24,000,000 ordinary shares of Sogou to management and key employees of Sogou and of any present or future parents or subsidiaries or variable interest entities of Sogou. The maximum term of any issued share right under the Sogou 2010 Share Incentive Plan is ten years from the grant date. The Sogou 2010 Share Incentive Plan will expire on October 19, 2020. In March 2011, the Boards of Directors of Sohu and Sogou approved a program of grants pursuant to which, on April 1, 2011, Sogou issued options for the purchase of 18,930,500 ordinary shares.
-28-
These share options will become vested and exercisable in four equal installments, with each installment vesting upon Sogous achievement of the performance target for the corresponding period. The performance target for each installment will be set at the beginning of each vesting period, therefore each installment is considered to be granted at that date. As of June 30, 2011, 4,732,625 share options have been granted.
A summary of options activity under the Sogou 2010 Stock Incentive Plan as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2011 is presented below:
Options |
Number Of Shares (in thousands) |
Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |
|||||||||
Outstanding at January 1, 2011 |
0 | |||||||||||
Granted |
4,733 | $ | 0.001 | |||||||||
Exercised |
0 | |||||||||||
Forfeited or expired |
(34 | ) | 0.001 | |||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||
Outstanding at June 30, 2011 |
4,699 | 0.001 | 9.75 | |||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||
Vested at June 30, 2011 |
0 | |||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||
Exercisable at June 30, 2011 |
0 | |||||||||||
|
|
Determining the fair value of the ordinary shares of Sogou required complex and subjective judgments regarding its projected financial and operating results, its unique business risks, the liquidity of its ordinary shares and its operating history and prospects at the time the grants were made.
The Company and a qualified professional appraiser estimated the fair value of Sogous common shares primarily using the income approach in the form of discounted cash flow analysis, which is based on Sogous projected cash flow using managements best estimate as of the valuation date. The Company also used the market approach as a check to corroborate the overall value for Sogou from the income approach by comparing the trading multiples of publicly-traded comparable companies to the implied multiples of the Company based on the income approach.
The Sogou share-based compensation cost is measured at the fair value of the award as calculated under the Binomial option pricing model (the BP Model). A calculation using the BP Model typically incorporates a large number of very short time periods to reflect a realistic range of possible prices that a share could achieve over the options contractual term, which could result in several hundred total nodes. In addition, various probabilities could be assigned to each node to reflect the impact that a node is expected to have in conjunction with exercise and post-vesting assumptions. Assumptions used in the BP Model are presented below:
Granted to Employees |
2011 | |
Average risk-free interest rate |
3.84 | |
Exercise multiple |
2~3 | |
Expected forfeiture rate (Post-vesting) |
12.5%~22.3% | |
Weighted average expected option life |
10 | |
Volatility rate |
55.14% | |
Dividend yield |
0% | |
Fair value |
0.32 |
The Company estimated the risk free rate based on the yield to maturity of China Sovereign bonds denominated in United States dollars as of the valuation date. An exercise multiple was estimated as the ratio of fair value of the stock over the exercise price as of the time the option is exercised, based on consideration of research studies regarding exercise patterns based on historical statistical data. In the Companys valuation analysis, a multiple of two was applied for employees and a multiple of three was applied for management. The Company estimated the forfeiture rate to be 12.5% for Sogou managements and 22.3% for Sogou employees share options granted as of April 1, 2011. The life of the stock options is the contract life of the option. Based on the option agreement, the contract life of the option is 10 years. The expected volatility at the valuation date was estimated based on the historical volatility of comparable companies for the period before the grant date with length commensurate with the expected term of the options. Sogou has no history or expectation of paying dividends on its common shares. Accordingly, the dividend yield is estimated to be 0%.
-29-
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, total share-based compensation expense recognized for share options under the Sogou 2010 Share Incentive Plan was both $0.47 million.
As of June 30, 2011, there was $1.0 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the unvested share options.
Share-based Awards to Sohu management
Under an arrangement approved by the Boards of Directors of Sohu and Sogou in March 2011, Sohu has the right to provide to Sohus management and key employees the opportunity to purchase from Sohu up to 12,000,000 ordinary shares of Sogou at a fixed exercise price of $0.625 per share. Of these 12,000,000 ordinary shares, 8,800,000 are Sogou ordinary shares previously held by Sohu and 3,200,000 are Sogou ordinary shares that were newly-issued on April 14, 2011 by Sogou to Sohu at a price of $0.625 per share, or a total of $2 million. During the second quarter of 2011, Sogou issued options for the purchase of 8,773,000 Sogou ordinary shares options to Sohu management and key employees under this arrangement. These share options will become vested and exercisable in four equal installments, with each installment vesting upon Sogous achievement of the performance target for the corresponding period. The performance target for each installment will be set at the beginning of each period, therefore each installment is considered to be granted at that date. As of June 30, 2011, 2,193,250 share options had been granted.
A summary of options activity as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2011 is presented below:
Options |
Number Of Shares (in thousands) |
Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |
|||||||||
Outstanding at January 1, 2011 |
0 | |||||||||||
Granted |
2,193 | $ | 0.625 | |||||||||
Exercised |
0 | |||||||||||
Forfeited or expired |
(1 | ) | 0.625 | |||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||
Outstanding at June 30, 2011 |
2,192 | 0.625 | 9.86 | |||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||
Vested at June 30, 2011 |
0 | |||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||
Exercisable at June 30, 2011 |
0 | |||||||||||
|
|
The method used to determine the fair value of share options granted to Sohus management was the same as the method used for the share options granted to Sogous management and key employees as described above, except for the assumptions used in the BP Model.
Assumptions used in the BP Model for Share-based awards to Sohu management are presented below:
Granted to Employees |
2011 | |
Average risk-free interest rate |
4.08%~4.22% | |
Exercise multiple |
2~3 | |
Expected forfeiture rate (Post-vesting) |
21.4%~27% | |
Weighted average expected option life |
10 | |
Volatility rate |
54.41%~54.66% | |
Dividend yield |
0% | |
Fair value |
0.12~0.15 |
For both the three and the six months ended June 30, 2011, total share-based compensation expense recognized for share options under the arrangement was $44,930.
As of June 30, 2011, there was $0.2 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the unvested share options.
12. | Mezzanine Equity |
On May 11, 2011, Changyou acquired 68.258% of the equity interests of 7Road. As Changyous controlling shareholder, the Company began to consolidate 7Roads financial statements commencing June 1, 2011.
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Mezzanine Equity consists of noncontrolling interest in 7Road and a put option pursuant to which the noncontrolling shareholders will have the right to put their equity interests in 7Road to Changyou at a pre-determined price if 7Road achieves specified performance milestones in the coming three years and certain circumstances occur. The put option will expire in 2014. Since the occurrence of the sale is not solely within the control of Changyou, the Company classifies the noncontrolling interest as mezzanine equity instead of permanent equity in Sohus and Changyous consolidated financial statements.
In accordance with ASC subtopic 480-10, the Company accretes the balance of noncontrolling interest to its redemption value over the period from the date of the 7Road acquisition to the earliest redemption date of the noncontrolling interest. Any subsequent changes in the redemption value are considered to be changes in accounting estimates and will be amortized over the same period.
As of June 30, 2011, the estimated redemption value of the mezzanine equity was approximately $67.2 million based on the estimation of 7Road's financial performance. For the month ended June 30, 2011, the accretion was $361,000, and was recorded as net income attributable to the mezzanine classified noncontrolling interest shareholders in the statements of operations.
13. | Noncontrolling Interest |
The primary majority-owned subsidiaries and VIEs of the Company which are consolidated in its consolidated financial statements but with noncontrolling interest recognized are Changyou and Sogou.
Noncontrolling Interest for Changyou
As Sohu is Changyous controlling shareholder, Changyous financial results have been consolidated with those of Sohu for all periods presented. To reflect the economic interest in Changyou held by shareholders other than Sohu (noncontrolling shareholders), Changyous net income attributable to these noncontrolling shareholders is recorded as noncontrolling interest in Sohus consolidated statements of operations, based on their share of the economic interest in Changyou. Changyous cumulative results of operations attributable to these noncontrolling shareholders, along with changes in shareholders equity and adjustment for share-based compensation expense in relation to those share-based awards which are unvested and vested but not yet settled, are recorded as noncontrolling interest in Sohus consolidated balance sheets. See Note 2 - Changyou Transactions - Sohus Shareholding in Changyou.
Noncontrolling Interest for Sogou
As Sohu is Sogous controlling shareholder, Sogous financial results have been consolidated with those of Sohu for all periods presented. To reflect the economic interest in Sogou held by shareholders other than Sohu (noncontrolling shareholders), Sogous net income/loss attributable to these noncontrolling shareholders is recorded as noncontrolling interest in Sohus consolidated statements of operations. Sogous cumulative results of operations attributable to these noncontrolling shareholders, along with changes in shareholders equity and adjustment for share-based compensation expense in relation to those share-based awards which are unvested and vested but not yet settled and noncontrolling shareholders original investments in Series A Preferred shares are accounted for as a noncontrolling interest classified as permanent equity in Sohus consolidated balance sheets, as redemption of the noncontrolling interest is solely within the control of Sohu. These treatments are based on the terms governing investment by the noncontrolling shareholders in the Series A Preferred Shares of Sogou (the Sogou Series A Terms) and the terms of Sogous restructuring. See Note 3 - Sogou Transaction.
By virtue of the Sogou Series A Terms and the terms of the restructuring, as Sogou loses money after its restructuring, the net losses will be allocated in the following order: (i) net losses will be allocated to Sohu until its basis in Sogou decreases to zero; (ii) additional net losses will be allocated to Alibaba, China Web and Photon until their investment in Sogou decreases to zero; and (iii) further net losses will be allocated between Sohu and noncontrolling shareholders based on their shareholding percentage in Sogou. Any subsequent net income from Sogou will be allocated in the following order: (i) net income will be allocated between Sohu and noncontrolling shareholders based on their shareholding percentage in Sogou until their basis in Sogou increases to zero; (ii) additional net income will be allocated to Alibaba, China Web and Photon to bring their basis back; (iii) further net income will be allocated to Sohu to bring its basis back; and (iv) further net income will be allocated between Sohu and noncontrolling shareholders based on their shareholding percentage in Sogou.
Noncontrolling Interest in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest in the consolidated statements of operations was $17.0 million and $27.3 million, respectively, compared with $12.0 million and $23.1 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010.
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Three Months
Ended June 30, |
Six Months
Ended June 30, |
|||||||||||||||
2011 | 2010 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||
Changyou |
$ | 16,914 | $ | 12,038 | $ | 32,821 | $ | 23,195 | ||||||||
Sogou |
(69 | ) | 0 | (5,404 | ) | 0 | ||||||||||
Others |
136 | (26 | ) | (74 | ) | (53 | ) | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total |
$ | 16,981 | $ | 12,012 | $ | 27,343 | $ | 23,142 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncontrolling Interest of Changyou
For the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, $17.0 million and $12.0 million, respectively, net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest was recognized in Sohus consolidated statements of operations, representing a 31% and a 29%, respectively, economic interest in Changyou attributable to shareholders other than Sohu.
Noncontrolling Interest of Sogou
For the three months ended June 30, 2011, $69,000 net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest was recognized in Sohus consolidated statements of operations, representing Sogous net loss attributable to shareholders other than Sohu.
Noncontrolling Interest in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
As of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, noncontrolling interest in the consolidated balance sheets was $218.0 million and $178.4 million, respectively.
As of | ||||||||
June 30, 2011 (in thousands) |
December 31, 2010 (in thousands) |
|||||||
Changyou |
$ | 175,699 | $ | 130,283 | ||||
Sogou |
41,169 | 47,196 | ||||||
Others |
1,170 | 963 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total |
$ | 218,038 | $ | 178,442 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Noncontrolling Interest of Changyou
As of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, $175.7 million and $130.3 million, respectively, noncontrolling interest was recognized in Sohus consolidated balance sheets, representing a 31% and a 29%, respectively, economic interest in Changyous net assets and reflected the reclassification of Changyous share-based compensation expense from shareholders additional paid-in capital to noncontrolling interest.
Noncontrolling Interest of Sogou
As of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, $41.2 million and $47.2 million, respectively, noncontrolling interest was recognized in Sohus consolidated balance sheets, representing Sogous cumulative results of operations attributable to shareholders other than Sohu, Sogous share-based compensation expenses, along with these shareholders original investments in the Series A Preferred Shares issued by Sogou.
14. | Net Income per Share |
Basic net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares and, if dilutive, potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares comprise shares issuable upon the exercise or settlement of share-based awards using the treasury stock method. The dilutive effect of share-based awards with performance requirements is not considered before the performance targets are actually met. The computation of diluted net income per share does not assume conversion, exercise, or contingent issuance of securities that would have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., an increase in earnings per share amounts or a decrease in loss per share amounts) on net income per share. Additionally, for purposes of calculating the numerator of diluted net income per share, the net income attributable to Sohu is adjusted for two factors as following:
(1) | Difference between Changyous net income attributable to Sohu determined by: |
i) | the percentage of the total economic interest in Changyou held by Sohu, which was approximately 69% for the second quarter of 2011, and |
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ii) | the percentage of the weighted average number of Changyou shares held by Sohu to the weighted average number of Changyou ordinary shares and shares issuable upon the exercise or settlement of share-based awards |
under the treasury stock method, which was approximately 66% for the second quarter of 2011.
In the calculation of Sohus diluted net income per share, the percentage of 66% was calculated by treating all of Changyous existing unvested restricted shares, unvested restricted share units, and vested restricted share units that have not yet been settled are treated as vested and settled by Changyou under the treasury stock method, causing the percentage of weighted average number of shares held by Sohu in Changyou to decrease from 69% to 66%. As a result, Changyous net income attributable to Sohu on a diluted basis decreased accordingly. This impact is presented as incremental dilution from Changyou in the table below.
(2) | Difference between Sogous net income/loss attributable to Sohu determined by: |
i) | the Sogou Series A Terms and the terms of Sogous restructuring, and |
ii) | the percentage of the weighted average number of Sogou shares held by Sohu to the weighted average number of Sogou ordinary shares, shares issuable upon the conversion of convertible preferred shares under the if-converted method, and shares issuable upon the exercise or settlement of share-based awards under the treasury stock method, which was approximately 64% for the second quarter of 2011. |
In the calculation of Sohus diluted net income per share, assuming a dilutive effect, the percentage of 64% was calculated by treating the convertible preferred shares issued by Sogou as having been converted at the beginning of the period. The dilutive effect of share-based awards with a performance requirement was not considered because the performance targets were not met. The above difference is presented as incremental dilution from Sogou in the table below.
The following table presents the calculation of Sohus basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands, except per share data)
Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
June 30, | June 30, | |||||||||||||||
2011 | 2010 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||
Numerator: |
||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Sohu.com Inc., basic |
$ | 44,265 | $ | 33,453 | $ | 89,072 | $ | 63,644 | ||||||||
Effect of dilutive securities: |
||||||||||||||||
Incremental dilution from Changyou |
(1,572 | ) | (2,188 | ) | (3,633 | ) | (4,452 | ) | ||||||||
Incremental dilution from Sogou |
0 | 0 | (3,410 | ) | 0 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Net income attributable to Sohu.com Inc., diluted |
$ | 42,693 | $ | 31,265 | $ | 82,029 | $ | 59,192 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Denominator: |
||||||||||||||||
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding |
38,295 | 37,822 | 38,245 | 37,800 | ||||||||||||
Effect of dilutive securities: |
||||||||||||||||
Share options and restricted share units |
565 | 467 | 569 | 566 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding |
38,860 | 38,289 | 38,814 | 38,366 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Basic net income per share attributable to Sohu.com Inc. |
$ | 1. 16 | $ | 0.88 | $ | 2.33 | $ | 1.68 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Diluted net income per share attributable to Sohu.com Inc. |
$ | 1.10 | $ | 0.82 | $ | 2.11 | $ | 1.54 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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15. | Subsequent Events |
The Company has performed an evaluation of subsequent events through the date the financial statements were issued, with no other material event or transaction needing recognition or disclosure found.
16. | Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements |
In April 2011, FASB issued revised guidance on the Reconsideration of Effective Control for Repurchase Agreement. The revised guidance specifies the criterion pertaining to an exchange of collateral should not be a determining factor in assessing effective control, which should focus on a transferors contractual rights and obligations with respect to transferred financial assets if an entity enters into agreements to transfer financial assets that both entitle and obligate the transferor to repurchase or redeem the financial assets before their maturity. The revised guidance removes from the assessment of effective control (1) the criterion requiring the transferor to have the ability to repurchase or redeem the financial assets on substantially the agreed terms, even in the event of default by the transferee, and (2) the collateral maintenance implementation guidance related to that criterion. The revised guidance is effective prospectively to transactions or modifications of existing transactions that occur on or after the first interim or annual period beginning on or after December 15, 2011. The Company has not early adopted the new guidance and is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements of adopting this guidance.
In May 2011, FASB issued revised guidance on the Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs. The revised guidance specifies how to measure fair value and improve the comparability of fair value measurements presented and disclosed in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and IFRSs, not requiring additional fair value measurements and not intending to establish valuation standards or affect valuation practices outside of financial reporting. The revised guidance is effective to all reporting entities that are required or permitted to measure or disclose the fair value of an asset, a liability, or an instrument classified in a reporting entitys shareholders equity in the financial statements during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company has not early adopted the new guidance and is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements of adopting this guidance.
In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued revised guidance on the Presentation of Comprehensive Income. The revised guidance requires an entity to present reclassification adjustments on the face of the financial statements from other comprehensive income to net income and eliminates one presentation option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholders equity. The revised guidance states that an entity has the option to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. In a single continuous statement, the entity is required to present the components of net income and total net income, the components of other comprehensive income and a total for other comprehensive income, along with the total of comprehensive income in that statement. In the two-statement approach, an entity is required to present components of net income and total net income in the statement of net income. The statement of other comprehensive income should immediately follow the statement of net income and include the components of other comprehensive income and a total for other comprehensive income, along with a total for comprehensive income. The revised guidance should be applied retrospectively and effective for interim or annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company has not early adopted the new guidance and is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements of adopting this guidance.
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ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
As used in this report, references to us, we, our, our company, our group, Sohu and Sohu.com are to Sohu.com Inc. and, except where the context requires otherwise, our wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities (VIEs), Sohu.com Limited, Sohu.com (Hong Kong) Limited (Sohu Hong Kong), Kylie Enterprises Limited, All Honest International Limited, Sohu.com (Game) Limited (Sohu Game),Go2Map Inc., Sohu.com (Search) Limited, Sogou Inc., Sogou (BVI) Limited, Sogou Hong Kong Limited, Beijing Sohu New Era Information Technology Co., Ltd. (Sohu Era), Beijing Sohu Interactive Software Co., Ltd. (Sohu Software), Go2Map Software (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (Go2Map Software), Beijing Sogou Technology Development Co., Ltd. (Sogou Technology), Beijing Sohu New Media Information Technology Co., Ltd. (Sohu Media), Beijing Sohu Software Technology Co., Ltd. (New Software), Beijing Fire Fox Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing Fire Fox, also known as Beijing Huohu Digital Technology Co., Ltd., or Huohu), Beijing Sohu New Momentum Information Technology Co., Ltd. (Sohu New Momentum), Wuxi Sohu New Momentum Information Investment Co., Ltd. (Wuxi Sohu New Momentum), Beijing Century High Tech Investment Co., Ltd. (High Century), Beijing Sohu Entertainment Culture Media Co., Ltd. (Sohu Entertainment, formerly known as Beijing Hengda Yitong Internet Technology Development Co., Ltd., or Hengda), Beijing Sohu Internet Information Service Co., Ltd. (Sohu Internet), Beijing GoodFeel Information Technology Co., Ltd. (GoodFeel), Beijing Tu Xing Tian Xia Information Consultancy Co., Ltd. (Tu Xing Tian Xia), Beijing Sogou Information Service Co., Ltd. (Sogou Information), Beijing 21 East Culture Development Co., Ltd. (21 East Beijing), Beijing Sohu Donglin Advertising Co., Ltd.(Donglin), Beijing Pilot New Era Advertising Co., Ltd. (Pilot New Era), Beijing Focus Time Advertising Media Co., Ltd. (Focus Time), and our independently-listed majority-owned subsidiary Changyou.com Limited (Changyou, formerly known as TL Age Limited) as well as the following direct and indirect subsidiaries and VIEs of Changyou: Changyou.com HK Limited (Changyou HK, formerly known as TL Age Hong Kong Limited), ICE Entertainment (HK) Limited (ICE HK),Changyou.com (US) Inc. (formerly known as AmazGame Entertainment (US) Inc.), Changyou.com (UK) Company Limited (Changyou UK), ChangyouMy Sdn. Bhd (Changyou Malaysia), Changyou.com India Private Limited (Changyou India), Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd. (AmazGame), Beijing Changyou Gamespace Software Technology Co., Ltd. (Gamespace), Changyou.com Korea Limited (Changyou Korea), ICE Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (ICE WFOE), Beijing Yang Fan Jing He Information Consulting Co., Ltd. (Yang Fan Jing He), Shanghai Jingmao Culture Communication Co.,Ltd. (Shanghai Jingmao), Shanghai Hejin Data Consulting Co.,Ltd. (Shanghai Hejin), Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (Gamease), Beijing Guanyou Gamespace Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (Guanyou Gamespace), and Shanghai ICE Information Technology Co., Ltd.(Shanghai ICE), Shenzhen 7Road Technology Co, Ltd.(7Road), and these references should be interpreted accordingly. Unless otherwise specified, references to China or PRC refer to the Peoples Republic of China and do not include the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macau Special Administrative Region or Taiwan. This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions or future strategies that are signified by the words expect, anticipate, intend, believe, or similar language. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Our business and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. In evaluating our business, you should carefully consider the information set forth under the heading Risk Factors in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 28, 2011, as updated by Part II Item 1A of this report. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.
OVERVIEW
Sohu (NASDAQ: SOHU) is a leading Chinese online media, search, navigating, gaming, community and mobile service group. We operate one of the most comprehensive matrices of Chinese language Web properties and one of the most popular online games in China. Substantially all of our operations are conducted through our indirect wholly and majority-owned China-based subsidiaries and variable interest entities (collectively the Sohu Group).
Our Business
Our businesses mainly consist of online brand advertising business, online game business (conducted via Changyou.com Limited, Changyou), Sogou search and start-up page business (previously called sponsored search business, conducted via Sogou Inc. Sogou), wireless business and others business, among which online brand advertising and online game are our two core businesses.
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Starting from 2003, our online game business has developed from nascency to become one of the top massively multi-player online role-playing game (MMORPG) operators in China. Its success was further endorsed by the carve-out and initial public offering of our MMORPG subsidiary Changyou (NASDAQ: CYOU) in April 2009. The successful initial public offering has provided Changyou with the platform and resources to become a leading company in the MMORPG industry, and has enabled Changyou to compete head to head with first tier game companies. As Changyous controlling shareholder, Sohu continues to consolidate Changyou but recognizes noncontrolling interest reflecting shares held by shareholders other than Sohu. During the second quarter of 2011, treating all existing restricted shares as vested and restricted share units as vested and settled, Sohu owned approximately 66% of the economic interest in Changyou, with the remaining 34% of the economic interest in Changyou owned by Changyous shareholders other than Sohu.
Online Brand Advertising Business
Our online brand advertising business, offers various products and services (such as free of charge premier content, interactive community, and other competitive Internet services) to our users, and provides advertising services to advertisers on our matrices of Chinese language Web properties consisting of:
| sohu.com, a leading mass portal and online media destination; |
| 17173.com, a leading game information portal; |
| focus.cn, a top real estate Website; and |
| chinaren.com, a leading online alumni club. |
Online brand advertising services provide advertisements on our portal Websites to companies seeking to increase their brand awareness online.
Online Game Business
Our online game business is conducted via Sohus majority-owned subsidiary Changyou.
Changyou is a leading MMORPG developer and operator in China as measured by the popularity of one of our games, Tian Long Ba Bu (TLBB). TLBB, which was launched in May 2007, received an award as one of the Most Liked Online Games by Game Players at the China Digital Entertainment Expo and Conference, or China Joy, for three consecutive years from 2008 to 2010 and was ranked as one of the worlds five most profitable online games in 2009 by Forbes magazine. Changyou engages in the development, operation and licensing of our MMORPGs, which are interactive online games that may be played simultaneously by hundreds of thousands of game players. As of June 30, 2011, Changyou was operating eight MMORPGs, including the in-house developed TLBB, and the licensed Blade Online (BO), Blade Hero 2 (BH2), Da Hua Shui Hu (DHSH), Zhong Hua Ying Xiong (ZHYX), Immortal Faith (IF), San Jie Qi Yuan (SJQY) and Legend of Ancient World (LAW). As of June 30, 2011, Changyous MMORPG games in China had approximately 131.9 million aggregate registered accounts. For the three months ended June 30, 2011, Changyous MMORPG games in China had approximately 1.0 million aggregate peak concurrent users, 2.9 million aggregate active paying accounts and average revenue per active paying account of RMB211.
Changyou has several MMORPGs in the pipeline with different graphic styles, themes and features to appeal to different segments of the online game player community.
Changyou operates its current MMORPGs under the item-based revenue model, meaning that game players can play the games for free, but may choose to pay for virtual items to enhance the game-playing experience. Game players purchase prepaid game cards or game points, which are used to purchase virtual items. Changyou sells prepaid game cards to regional distributors throughout China, who in turn sub-distribute the prepaid game cards to numerous retail outlets, including Internet cafés and various Websites, newsstands, software stores, book stores and retail stores. Changyou also directly sells game points to its game players through its online sales platform.
On May 11, 2011, Changyou acquired 68.258% of the equity interests of 7Road and began to consolidate 7Roads financial statements commencing June 1, 2011. 7Road is primarily engaged in Web-based game development. Changyou generated Web-based game revenues for the first time as a result of the 7Road acquisition. For the month ended June 30, 2011, 7Roads Web-based games had approximately 18.6 million aggregate active accounts. For the month ended June 30, 2011, 7Road generated Web-based game revenue of $3.3 million, and had approximately 662,000 active charging accounts and average revenue recognized per active charging accounts of RMB32.
7Roads Web-based game is designed to be operated under the item-based revenue model. 7Road has licensed the game to third party operators who offer the game to users in China and other countries on their Websites or terminals.
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Agreements between Sohu and Changyou
Changyou has entered into agreements with Sohu with respect to various interim and ongoing relationships between us, including a Master Transaction Agreement, a Non-Competition Agreement, and an Amended and Restated Marketing Services Agreement. These agreements contain provisions, among others, relating to the transfer of assets and assumption of liabilities of the MMORPG business, provide cross-indemnification of liabilities arising from each others business, mutually limit Sohu and Changyou from competing in each others business, and also include a number of ongoing commercial relationships.
Sogou Search and Start-up Page Business
Our Sogou search and start-up page business is conducted through Sohus online search subsidiary Sogou Inc. (Sogou) via Sogou.com, an interactive proprietary search engine. Sogou search and start-up page services provide customers, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, with pay-for-click services, priority placements in our search directory, and online marketing services on the Sogou start-up page, the default homepage of Sogou browser.
During 2010, we restructured our Sogou search business in preparation for the sale of Sogous newly-issued Series A Preferred Shares to Alibaba Investment Limited (Alibaba), a private investment subsidiary of Alibaba Group Holding Limited, China Web Search (HK) Limited (China Web), an investment vehicle of Yunfeng Fund, LP, and Photon Group Limited (Photon), the investment fund of Sohus Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Dr. Charles Zhang. In the restructuring, we transferred to Sogou certain assets and liabilities associated with the mobile version of Sogou Pinyin, and transferred to Sohu certain non-search assets and liabilities that had been held by Sogou. Sogou will remain liable for a loan payable to Sohu in the amount of $45 million, which will be payable solely from the proceeds of an initial public offering by Sogou. The loan amount consists primarily of losses historically incurred in our search business and previously funded by Sohu.
On October 22, 2010, Sogou completed the sale of newly-issued Series A Preferred Shares to Alibaba, China Web and Photon for $15 million, $9 million, and $24 million, respectively, that represent approximately 10%, 6% and 16%, respectively, of the outstanding share capital of Sogou on a fully-diluted basis. Sohu and Sogou have established a share incentive program for Sogou management and key employees as well as certain members of Sohus management and key employees. Sohu will retain approximately 53% of Sogou on a fully-diluted basis, and intends in any event to retain a majority of the outstanding share capital of Sogou on a fully-diluted basis. As Sogous controlling shareholder, Sohu will continue to consolidate Sogou but will recognize noncontrolling interest reflecting shares held by shareholders other than Sohu.
With its new capital structure in place, Sogou is a separate operating entity focused exclusively on its desktop products and online search businesses, which we believe are picking up momentum. The shareholder group includes not only Alibaba and Sohu, but also Sogous management team. We believe that this transformation has also helped to further attract talent as well as to build confidence among our business partners, and most importantly our distributors. We believe that our collaboration with Alibaba is progressing well.
Wireless Business
Our wireless business offers value-added services (such as news, weather forecasts, chatting, entertainment information, mobile games and mobile phone ringtone and logo downloads) to mobile phone users.
Others Business
Our others business includes offering cinema advertisement slots to be shown in theaters before the screening of movies, which is a new business of Sohu Group from Changyous acquisition of Shanghai Jingmao and its affiliate; sales of software; sub-licensing of premium licensed content to third parties; provision of applications service provider (ASP) services; and Website construction and maintenance.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND MANAGEMENT ESTIMATES
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations relates to our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe the basis of consolidation, the revenue recognition, the share-based compensation expense recognition, income taxes and uncertain tax positions, recognition of mezzanine equity, recognition of noncontrolling interest, computation of net income per share, determination of fair value of financial instruments, determination of short-term investments, determination of net accounts receivable, determination of fair value of identifiable assets and liabilities acquired through business combination, accounting for investment in debt securities, assessment of impairment for long-lived assets and goodwill, and determination of functional currencies represent critical accounting policies that reflect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
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Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. The recognition of revenues involves certain management judgments. The amount and timing of our revenues could be materially different for any period if management made different judgments or utilized different estimates. For a barter transaction involving advertising services, we recognize revenue and expense at fair value only if the fair value of the advertising services surrendered/received in the transaction is determinable. No revenue from advertising-for-advertising barter transaction is recognized since the fair value cannot be reliably determined.
Online Brand Advertising Revenues
Online brand advertising revenues are recognized after deducting agent rebates and applicable business tax and related surcharges.
For online brand advertising revenues, a contract is signed to establish the fixed price and advertising services to be provided. Based on the contracts, we provide advertisement placements on our different Website channels and/or in different formats, including but not limited to banners, links, logos, buttons, rich media and content integration.
For online brand advertising revenue recognition, prior to entering into contracts, we make a credit assessment of the customer to assess the collectability of the contract. For those contracts for which the collectability was assessed as reasonably assured, we recognize revenue ratably over the period during which the advertising services were provided and when all revenue recognition criteria were met. For those contracts for which the collectability was assessed as not reasonably assured, we recognize revenue only when the cash was received and all other revenue recognition criteria were met.
Before 2011, we treated all elements of advertising contracts as a single unit of accounting for revenue recognition purpose. In accordance with ASU No.2009 -13 Revenue Recognition - Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements (ASU No.2009 -13), on January 1, 2011, we began to treat advertising contracts with multiple deliverable elements as separate units of accounting for revenue recognition purposes and to recognize revenue on a periodic basis during the contract when each deliverable service is provided. Since the contract price is for all deliverables, we allocate the arrangement consideration to all deliverables at the inception of the arrangement on the basis of their relative selling price according to the selling price hierarchy established by ASU No.2009 -13. We use (a) vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price, if it exists, otherwise, (b) third -party evidence of selling price. If neither (a) nor (b) exists, we will use (c) the managements best estimate of the selling price for that deliverable.
Sponsorship services, which is a type of online brand advertising services, is similar to other online brand advertising services, but generally involves larger amounts and longer contract periods. Sponsorship services may allow advertisers to sponsor a particular area on our Websites, and may include brand affiliation services and/or a larger volume of services, and may require some exclusivity or premier placements. Sponsorship services advertisement revenues are normally recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract period, provided our obligations under the contract have been met and all revenue recognition criteria have been met.
Online Game Revenues
We generate online game revenues from operating and licensing MMORPGs and Web-based games in China and overseas.
We earn revenues from our current MMORPG operations by providing online services to game players pursuant to the item-based revenue model. Under the item-based revenue model, game players play games free of charge and are charged for purchases of virtual items.
Under the item-based revenue model, proceeds received from sales of prepaid cards are initially recorded as receipts in advance. Proceeds from sale of prepaid cards to distributors are deferred when received and, revenue is recognized over the estimated lives of the virtual items purchased or as the virtual items are consumed. The revenues are recorded net of business tax and related surcharges, sales discounts and rebates to our distributors.
Under the item-based revenue model, game players can access our games free of charge, but may purchase consumable virtual items, including those with a predetermined expiration time, such as three months, or perpetual items, such as certain costumes that stay bound to a game player for the life of the game. Revenues in relation to consumable virtual items are recognized as they are consumed, as our services in connection with these items have been fully rendered to our game players as of that time. Revenues in relation to perpetual virtual items are recognized over their estimated lives. We will provide continual online game services in connection with these perpetual virtual items until they are no longer used by our game players. We have considered the average period that game players typically play our games and other game player behavior patterns to arrive at our best estimates for the lives of these perpetual virtual items. We have also considered that the estimated lives of perpetual virtual items may be affected by various factors, including the acceptance and popularity of expansion packs, promotional events launched and market conditions. However, given the relatively short operating history of our games, and of our most popular game TLBB in particular, our estimate of the period that game players typically play our games may not accurately reflect the estimated lives of the perpetual virtual items. We have adopted a policy of assessing the estimated lives of perpetual virtual items on a quarterly basis. All paying users data collected since the launch of the games are used to perform the relevant assessments. Historical behavior patterns of these paying users during the period between their first log-on date and last log-on date are used to estimate the lives of perpetual virtual items. While we believe our estimates to be reasonable based on available game player information, we may revise such estimates in the future as our games operation periods become longer and we continue to gain more operating history and data. Any adjustments arising from changes in the estimates of the lives of perpetual virtual items would be applied prospectively on the basis that such changes are caused by new information indicating a change in the game player behavior patterns. Any changes in our estimate of lives of perpetual virtual items may result in our revenues being recognized on a basis different from prior periods and may cause our operating results to fluctuate.
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We also derive revenues from licensing our MMORPGs in other countries and territories. The licensing agreements provided for two revenue streams, an initial license fee and a monthly revenue-based royalty based on monthly revenues from the games. The initial license fee consists of both a fixed amount and additional amounts receivable upon achieving certain sales targets. Since we are required to provide when-and-if-available upgrades to the licensees during the license period, both the fixed portion and the additional portion of the initial license fee are recognized ratably as revenue over the license period. The fixed portion of the initial license fee is recognized ratably over the remaining license period from the date the game is launched, and the additional portion of the initial license fee is recognized ratably over the remaining license period from the date such additional amount is certain. The monthly usage-based royalty fee is recognized when earned, provided that collectability is reasonably assured.
We first generated Web-based game revenues after Changyou acquired 68.258% of the equity interests of 7Road. 7Roads Web-based game is designed to be operated under the item-based revenue model. 7Road has licensed the game to third party operators who offer the game to users in China and other countries on their Websites or terminals. The licensing agreements provided for two revenue streams, an initial fixed license fee and a monthly revenue-based royalty. Since 7Road is required to provide when-and-if-available upgrades to the licensees during the license period, the initial license fee is recognized ratably as revenue over the license period. Since the third party operator is the party that signs the user agreement with its users and is responsible for its users experience on its Websites or terminals, 7Road is not the primary obligor, and the net revenue-based royalty paid by the third party operator is recorded as revenue. If the license agreement with the operator requires 7Road to set-up and to maintain the servers to host the Web-based games for the users, 7Road is obliged to provide on-going services to users and we recognize revenue when the virtual items are consumed. Otherwise, we recognize revenue when 7Road is entitled to the revenue-based royalty and collectability is reasonably assured.
Sogou Search and Start-up Page Revenues
Sogou search and start-up page services mainly include pay-for-click services, priority placement services, and online marketing services on the Sogou start-up page. Pay-for-click services mainly consist of displaying the text-based links of our advertisers on our Websites and our Website Alliance network. The priority placement services are placed in our search directory and are normally provided for a fixed fee over the service period of the contracts. Online marketing services mainly consist of displaying the links to our advertisers Websites on the Sogou start-up page. Sogou search and start-up page contracts are normally for relatively small amounts and are signed with small and medium-sized enterprises.
Revenue for pay-for-click services is recognized on a per click basis when the users click on the displayed links. Revenue for priority placement services is normally recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract period, provided our obligations under the contract have been met and all revenue recognition criteria have been met. The priority of the display of text-based links is based on the bidding price of different advertisers. Revenue for online marketing services on the Sogou start-up page is normally recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract period, provided our obligations under the contract have been met and all revenue recognition criteria have been met.
Wireless Revenues
Wireless revenues are derived from a wide range of wireless products focused on entertainment, information and communications, such as short messaging services (SMS), Ring Back Tone (RBT), Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), multi-media messaging services (MMS), interactive voice response (IVR) and mobile games. We mainly offer news, weather forecasts, chatting, entertainment information, mobile games, mobile phone ring tones and logo downloads and various other mobile related services to mobile phone users through contracts signed with third party mobile network operators.
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We contract with China Mobile and its subsidiaries and China Unicom and its subsidiaries (China mobile network operators) for billing, collection and transmission services offered to their users. We also contract with other service providers to obtain content and to distribute our wireless products. In addition, we purchase certain content from third-party content providers. In most of these arrangements, the fees payable to the third-party service and content providers are calculated based on certain percentages of the revenue earned after deducting the fees paid to China mobile network operators.
Wireless service fees are charged on a monthly or per message/download basis. Due to technical issues with the operators network, we might be unable to collect certain wireless service fees from an operator in certain circumstances. This un-collectability is referred to as the failure rate, which can vary from operator to operator. Wireless revenues are recognized in the month in which the service is performed, provided that no significant obligations remain. To recognize wireless revenue, we rely on China mobile network operators to provide us billing confirmations for the actual amount of services they have billed to their mobile customers. At the end of each reporting period, when an operator has not provided us the monthly billing confirmations, we use the information generated from our internal system as well as historical data to estimate the failure rate, to estimate the amount of collectable wireless service fees and to recognize revenue. When we later receive the actual billing confirmation, we then record a true-up accounting adjustment. Although we believe we have the ability to make reasonable estimates, the differences between the actual facts and our estimates may result in significant fluctuations in the amount and timing of the revenue recognized. For the three months ended June 30, 2011, 57% of our estimated wireless revenues were confirmed by the monthly billing confirmations received from China mobile network operators. Generally, (i) within 15 to 120 days after the end of each month, we receive billing confirmations from each of the operators confirming the amount of wireless service charges billed to that operators mobile phone users and (ii) within 30 to 180 days after delivering billing confirmations, each operator remits the wireless service fees, net of its service fees, for the month to us.
Our management must determine whether to record our wireless revenues using the gross or net method of reporting. Determining whether revenue should be reported gross or net is based on an assessment of various factors, the primary factors being whether we are acting as the principal in offering services to the customer or whether we are acting as an agent in the transaction and the specific requirements of each contract. Currently, a majority of our wireless revenues are recorded on a gross basis, as we have the primary responsibility for fulfillment and acceptability of the wireless services. To the extent we are acting as a principal in a transaction, we report as revenue payments received on a gross basis, and report as costs of revenue amounts attributable to services provided by China mobile network operators and other vendors. To the extent we are acting as an agent in a transaction, we report on a net basis as revenue payments received. Whether we are serving as principal or agent in a transaction is judgmental in nature and is determined by evaluating the terms of the arrangement.
Others Revenues
Other revenues are primarily generated from cinema advertisements, sub-licensing of premium licensed content, sales of software to third parties, provision of ASP services, and Website construction and maintenance.
For cinema advertising revenues, a contract is signed to establish the fixed price and advertising services to be provided. Based on the contracts, we provide advertisement placement on advertising slots to be shown in theatres before the screening of movies. The rights to place advertisements in such advertising slots were granted under contracts with different theatres and film production companies.
Revenue from the cinema advertising is recognized when all the recognition criteria are met. Depending on the terms of a customer contract, fees for services performed can be recognized according to two principal methods: proportional performance or straight line.
(1) | Fees are generally recognized as earned based on the proportional performance method of revenue recognition in situations where our fee is earned on a per advertising slot placement basis or where our fee is reconcilable to the number of advertising slots to be shown as detailed in the customer contracts. |
(2) | Fees are recognized on a straight line basis over the contract period when the advertising service is provided essentially on a pro-rata basis during the contract period. |
Share-based Compensation Expense
Sohu, Changyou and Sogou all have incentive plans for the granting of share-based awards, including common stock/ ordinary shares, share options, restricted shares and restricted share units, to their employees and directors. Share-based compensation expense is recognized as costs and/or expenses in the consolidated financial statements based on the fair value of the related share-based awards on their grant dates.
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For Sohus share-based awards, in determining the fair value of share options granted, the Black-Scholes valuation model is applied; in determining the fair value of restricted share units granted, the public market price of the underlying shares on the grant dates is applied.
For Changyous share-based awards, in determining the fair value of ordinary shares, restricted shares and restricted share units granted in 2008, the income approach/discounted cash flow method with a discount for lack of marketability was applied, given that the shares underlying the awards were not publicly traded at the time of grant. In determining the fair value of restricted share units granted in 2009 before Changyous initial public offering, the fair value of the underlying shares was determined based on Changyous offering price for its initial public offering. In determining the fair value of restricted share units granted after Changyous initial public offering, the public market price of the underlying shares on the grant dates is applied.
For Sogous share-based awards, in determining the fair value of share options granted, the income approach/discounted cash flow method with a discount for lack of marketability was applied, given that the shares underlying the awards were not publicly traded at the time of grant.
Share-based compensation expense for the ordinary shares granted is fully recognized in the quarter during which these ordinary shares are granted. For share options, restricted shares and restricted share units granted under Sohus and Changyous share-based awards, compensation expense is recognized on an accelerated basis over the requisite service period. For share options granted under Sogous share-based awards, compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated period during which the performance target will be met. The number of share-based awards for which the service is not expected to be rendered over the requisite period is estimated, and the related compensation expense is not recorded for that number of awards.
The assumptions used in share-based compensation expense recognition represent managements best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. If factors change or different assumptions are used, our share-based compensation expense could be materially different for any period. Moreover, the estimates of fair value are not intended to predict actual future events or the value that ultimately will be realized by employees who receive equity awards, and subsequent events are not indicative of the reasonableness of the original estimates of fair value made by us for accounting purposes.
Income Taxes and Uncertain Tax Positions
Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for using an asset and liability approach which requires the recognition of income taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns. Deferred income taxes are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the currently enacted tax rates and laws. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance, if based on available evidence, it is considered that it is more likely than not that some portion of or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In making such determination, we consider factors including (i) future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, (ii) future profitability, and (iii) tax planning strategies.
Our deferred tax assets are related to net operating losses of Sohu that would be subject to corporate income tax in the United States (U.S. Corporate Income Tax), and net operating losses and temporary differences between accounting and tax basis for our China-based subsidiaries and VIEs that are subject to corporate income tax in the PRC under the CIT law (PRC Corporate Income Tax). Substantially all of our income is earned through China-based subsidiaries and VIEs. In the foreseeable future we do not intend to repatriate income to the United States (U.S.) where it would be subject to U.S. Corporate Income Tax, except that, under certain circumstances, we may repatriate to the U.S. income that will be subject to the U.S. Alternative Minimum Tax. In the foreseeable future, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets resulting from the net operating losses of Sohu will not be realized. Hence, we recorded a valuation allowance against our gross deferred tax assets in order to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. If events were to occur in the future that would allow us to realize more of our deferred tax assets than the presently recorded net amount, an adjustment would be made to the deferred tax assets that would increase income for the period when those events occurred. If events were to occur in the future that would require us to realize less of our deferred tax assets than the presently recorded net amount, an adjustment would be made to the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets that would decrease income for the period when those events occurred.
Significant management judgment is required in determining income tax expense and deferred tax assets and liabilities.
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Uncertain Tax Positions
In order to assess uncertain tax positions, we apply a more likely than not threshold and a two-step approach for tax position measurement and financial statement recognition. For the two-step approach, the first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon settlement.
Mezzanine Equity
Mezzanine equity consists of noncontrolling interest in 7Road and a put option pursuant to which the noncontrolling shareholders will have the right to put their equity interests in 7Road to Changyou at a pre-determined price if 7Road achieves specified performance milestones in the coming three years and certain circumstances occur. The put option will expire in 2014.
In accordance with ASC subtopic 480-10, we accrete the balance of noncontrolling interest to its redemption value over the period from the date of the 7Road acquisition to the earliest redemption date of the noncontrolling interest. Any subsequent changes in the redemption value are considered to be changes in accounting estimates and will be amortized over the same period.
Noncontrolling Interest
Noncontrolling interest is the portion of economic interest in Sohus majority-owned subsidiaries and VIEs which is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to Sohu. Currently, the noncontrolling interest in our consolidated financial statements mainly consists of noncontrolling interest for Changyou and Sogou.
Noncontrolling Interest for Changyou
To reflect the economic interest in Changyou held by shareholders other than Sohu (noncontrolling shareholders), Changyous net income attributable to these noncontrolling shareholders is recorded as noncontrolling interest in Sohus consolidated statements of operations, based on their share of the economic interests in Changyou. Changyous cumulative results of operations attributable to these noncontrolling shareholders, along with changes in shareholders equity and adjustment for share-based compensation expense in relation to those share-based awards which are unvested and vested but not yet settled, are recorded as noncontrolling interest in Sohus consolidated balance sheets.
Noncontrolling Interest for Sogou
To reflect the economic interest in Sogou held by shareholders other than Sohu (noncontrolling shareholders), Sogous net income/loss attributable to these noncontrolling shareholders is recorded as noncontrolling interest in Sohus consolidated statements of operations. Sogous cumulative results of operations attributable to these noncontrolling shareholders, along with changes in shareholders equity and adjustment for share-based compensation expense in relation to those share-based awards which are unvested and vested but not yet settled and noncontrolling shareholders original investments in Series A Preferred shares are accounted for as a noncontrolling interest classified as permanent equity in Sohus consolidated balance sheets, as redemption of the noncontrolling interest is solely within the control of Sohu. These treatments are based on the terms governing investment by the noncontrolling shareholders in the Series A Preferred Shares of Sogou (the Sogou Series A Terms) and the terms of Sogous restructuring.
By virtue of the Sogou Series A Terms and the terms of the restructuring, as Sogou loses money after its restructuring, the net losses will be allocated in the following order: (i) net losses will be allocated to Sohu until its basis in Sogou decreases to zero; (ii) additional net losses will be allocated to Alibaba, China Web and Photon until their investment in Sogou decreases to zero; and (iii) further net losses will be allocated between Sohu and noncontrolling shareholders based on their shareholding percentage in Sogou. Any subsequent net income from Sogou will be allocated in the following order: (i) net income will be allocated between Sohu and noncontrolling shareholders based on their shareholding percentage in Sogou until their basis in Sogou increases to zero; (ii) additional net income will be allocated to Alibaba, China Web and Photon to bring their basis back; (iii) further net income will be allocated to Sohu to bring its basis back; and (iv) further net income will be allocated between Sohu and noncontrolling shareholders based on their shareholding percentage in Sogou.
Net Income per Share
Basic net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares and, if dilutive, potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares comprise shares issuable upon the exercise or settlement of share-based awards using the treasury stock method. The dilutive effect of share-based awards with performance requirements is not considered before the performance targets are actually met. The computation of diluted net income per share does not assume conversion, exercise, or contingent issuance of securities that would have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., an increase in earnings per share amounts or a decrease in loss per share amounts) on net income per share. Additionally, for purposes of calculating the numerator of diluted net income per share, the net income attributable to Sohu is adjusted for two factors as following:
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(1) | Difference between Changyous net income attributable to Sohu determined by: |
i) the percentage of the total economic interest in Changyou held by Sohu, and
ii) the percentage of the weighted average number of Changyou shares held by Sohu to the weighted average number of Changyou ordinary shares and shares issuable upon the exercise or settlement of share-based awards under the treasury stock method.
(2) | Difference between Sogous net income/loss attributable to Sohu determined by: |
i) the Sogou Series A Terms and the terms of Sogous restructuring, and
ii) the percentage of the weighted average number of Sogou shares held by Sohu to the weighted average number of Sogou ordinary shares, shares issuable upon the conversion of convertible preferred shares under the if-converted method, and shares issuable upon the exercise or settlement of share-based awards under the treasury stock method.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, investment in debt securities, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The carrying amount of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximates their fair value. Other financial instruments are measured at their respective fair values. For fair value measurement, U.S. GAAP establishes a three-tier hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:
Level 1 - observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 - include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the market place.
Level 3 - unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.
The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.
Short-term Investments
For investments in financial instruments with a variable interest rate indexed to performance of underlying assets, we elected the fair value option at the date of initial recognition and carried these investments at fair value. Changes in the fair value are reflected in the consolidated statements of income as other income.
Accounts Receivable, Net
The carrying value of accounts receivable is reduced by an allowance that reflects our best estimate of the amounts that will not be collected. We make estimations of the collectability of accounts receivable. In estimating the general allowance, many factors are considered, including but not limited to reviewing delinquent accounts receivable, performing aging analysis and customer credit analysis, and analyzing historical bad debt records and current economic trends. Additional allowance for specific doubtful accounts might be made if the financial conditions of our customers or mobile network operators deteriorate or China mobile network operators are unable to collect fees from their end customers, resulting in their inability to make payments due to us.
Investment in Debt Securities
We invest our excess cash in certain debt securities of high-quality corporate issuers. We elected the fair value option to account for our investments in debt securities at their initial recognition, and recorded changes in fair value in other income/expenses. The fair value election was made to mitigate accounting mismatches and to achieve operational simplifications.
Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets include fixed assets, intangible assets and prepaid non-current assets.
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Fixed Assets
Fixed assets mainly comprise computer equipment and hardware, office building, leasehold improvements, vehicles and office furniture. Fixed assets are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation with no residual value. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets primarily comprise content and license, purchased copyrights, domain names, trademarks, marketing rights, operating rights of licensed games, computer software purchased from unrelated third parties and developed technologies. Intangible assets are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization with no residual value. Amortization of intangible assets is computed using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives.
Prepaid non-current Assets
Prepaid non-current assets primarily include prepayments for the office buildings to be built as Sohus and Changyous headquarters before they were recognized as fixed assets.
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
The carrying values of long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Based on the existence of one or more indicators of impairment, we measure any impairment of long-lived assets using the projected discounted cash flow method. The estimation of future cash flows requires significant management judgment based on our historical results and anticipated results and is subject to many factors. The discount rate that is commensurate with the risk inherent in our business model is determined by our management. An impairment charge would be recorded if we determined that the carrying value of long-lived assets may not be recoverable. The impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying values of the assets exceed the fair value of the assets.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired as a result of our acquisitions of interests in our subsidiaries and VIEs. Goodwill is not depreciated or amortized but is tested for impairment at reporting unit level (business segment) on an annual basis, and between annual tests when an event occurs or circumstances change that could indicate that the asset might be impaired. The impairment test consists of a comparison of the fair value of goodwill with its carrying value. Application of a goodwill impairment test requires significant management judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, assigning goodwill to reporting units, and determining the fair value of each reporting unit. The judgments in estimating the fair value of reporting units include estimating future cash flows, determining appropriate discount rates and making other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value for each reporting unit.
Functional Currency and Foreign Currency Translation
Functional Currency
An entitys functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates, normally that is the currency of the environment in which it primarily generates and expends cash. Managements judgment is essential to determine the functional currency by assessing various indicators, such as cash flows, sales price and market, expenses, financing and inter-company transactions and arrangements. The functional currency of Sohu.com Inc. is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our subsidiaries and VIEs in the PRC (except for Wuxi Sohu New Momentum, a PRC subsidiary set up in May 2010), the United Kingdom, Malaysia, Korea, and India, respectively, are the RMB, British Pound, Malaysian Ringgit, Korean Won, and Indian Rupee, respectively. Wuxi Sohu New Momentums functional currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our subsidiaries in the U.S. and Hong Kong is the U.S. dollar.
Foreign Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities of our China-based subsidiaries and VIEs (not including Wuxi Sohu New Momentum), the United Kingdom, Malaysia, Korea and India are translated into U.S. dollars, our reporting currency, at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheets date and revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during the reporting period. Foreign currency translation adjustments are not included in determining net income for the period but are accumulated in a separate component of equity in our consolidated balance sheets.
Foreign currency transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the balance sheet date are re-measured at the applicable rates of exchange in effect at that date. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency re-measurement are included in the consolidated statements of operations.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2011 AND 2010
In 2010, in order to better present operating results of Sogou after the restructuring, we reclassified certain revenues and cost of revenues from Sogou segment to others segment. To conform to current period presentations, the relevant amounts for prior periods have been reclassified.
REVENUES
The following table presents our revenues by revenue source and by proportion for the periods indicated (in thousands, except percentages):
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2011 | 2010 | 2011 vs 2010 |
2011 | 2010 | 2011 vs 2010 |
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Revenues |
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Online brand advertising |
$ | 67,728 | 34 | % | $ | 53,162 | 36 | % | $ | 14,566 | $ | 124,881 | 33 | % | $ | 92,674 | 34 | % | $ | 32,207 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Online game |
101,531 | 51 | % | 77,721 | 53 | % | 23,810 | 196,461 | 53 | % | 149,793 | 54 | % | 46,668 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sogou search and start-up page |
13,613 | 7 | % | 3,872 | 3 | % | 9,741 | 21,592 | 6 | % | 6,696 | 2 | % | 14,896 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wireless |
11,645 | 6 | % | 11,073 | 8 | % | 572 | 23,349 | 6 | % | 24,361 | 9 | % | (1,012 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Others |
4,188 | 2 | % | 269 | 0 | % | 3,919 | 6,791 | 2 | % | 2,027 | 1 | % | 4,764 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total revenues |
$ | 198,705 | 100 | % | $ | 146,097 | 100 | % | $ | 52,608 | $ | 373,074 | 100 | % | $ | 275,551 | 100 | % | $ | 97,523 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Total revenues were $198.7 million and $373.1 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $146.1 million and $275.6 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010. The increase in total revenues from the three months ended June 30, 2010 to the three months ended June 30, 2011 was $52.6 million, and the increase from the six months ended June 30, 2010 to the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $97.5 million. The increase was mainly attributable to online game revenues and online brand advertising revenues.
Online Brand Advertising Revenues
Online brand advertising revenues were $67.7 million and $124.9 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $53.2 million and $92.7 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010. The increase in online brand advertising revenues from the three months ended June 30, 2010 to the three months ended June 30, 2011 was $14.5 million, and the increase from the six months ended June 30, 2010 to the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $32.2 million. The increase was mainly due to an increase in the number of brand advertising customers and strong advertising demand from the IT sector, including e-commerce companies.
We expect online brand advertising revenues to increase in the third quarter of 2011, compared to the second quarter of 2011.
Online Game Revenues
Online game revenues for the second quarter of 2011 include revenues from Changyous game operations, overseas licensing revenues and revenues from 7Road. Online game revenues were $101.5 million and $196.5 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $77.7 million and $149.8 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010. The increase in online game revenues from the three months ended June 30, 2010 to the three months ended June 30, 2011 was $23.8 million, and the increase from the six months ended June 30, 2010 to the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $46.7 million. The increase was mainly due to increased popularity of our flagship game, TLBB.
We expect online game revenues to increase in the third quarter of 2011, compared to the second quarter of 2011.
Sogou Search and Start-up Page Revenues
Sogou search and start-up page services primarily include pay-for-click services, priority placements in our search directory, and online marketing services on the Sogou start-up page. Revenues from pay-for-click services accounted for approximately 77% and 79%, respectively, of the total Sogou search and start-up page revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to 80% and 78%, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010.
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Sogou search and start-up page revenues were $13.6 million and $21.6 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $3.9 million and $6.7 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010. The increase in Sogou search and start-up page revenues from the three months ended June 30, 2010 to the three months ended June 30, 2011 was $9.7 million, and the increase from the six months ended June 30, 2010 to the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $14.9 million. The increase was mainly due to increased search traffic and improved monetization of traffic.
We expect Sogou search and start-up page revenues to increase in the third quarter of 2011, compared to the second quarter of 2011.
Wireless Revenues
Wireless revenues were $11.6 million and $23.3 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $11.1 million and $24.4 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010.
We expect wireless revenues to be flat in the third quarter of 2011 compared to the second quarter of 2011.
Others Revenues
Revenues for other services were $4.2 million and $6.8 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $0.3 million and $2.0 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010. The increase in other revenues mainly arose from the cinema advertisement business and sub-licensing of premium licensed content.
COSTS AND EXPENSES
Cost of Revenues
The following table presents our cost of revenues by source and by proportion for the periods indicated (in thousands, except percentages):
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2011 | 2010 | 2011 vs 2010 |
2011 | 2010 | 2011 vs 2010 |
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Cost of revenues: |
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Online brand advertising |
$ | 25,781 | 49 | % | $ | 22,256 | 57 | % | $ | 3,525 | $ | 48,226 | 49 | % | $ | 39,539 | 55 | % | $ | 8,687 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Online game |
9,950 | 19 | % | 7,008 | 18 | % | 2,942 | 18,918 | 19 | % | 12,392 | 17 | % | 6,526 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sogou search and start-up page |
6,104 | 11 | % | 3,343 | 9 | % | 2,761 | 10,981 | 11 | % | 6,096 | 9 | % | 4,885 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wireless |
7,109 | 13 | % | 5,810 | 15 | % | 1,299 | 14,001 | 14 | % | 12,721 | 18 | % | 1,280 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Others |
4,220 | 8 | % | 504 | 1 | % | 3,716 | 6,890 | 7 | % | 999 | 1 | % | 5,891 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total cost of revenues |
$ | 53,164 | 100 | % | $ | 38,921 | 100 | % | $ | 14,243 | $ | 99,016 | 100 | % | $ | 71,747 | 100 | % | $ | 27,269 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Total cost of revenues was $53.2 million and $99.0 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $38.9 million and $71.7 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010. The increase in cost of revenues from the three months ended June 30, 2010 to the three months ended June 30, 2011 was $14.3 million, and the increase from the six months ended June 30, 2010 to the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $27.3 million. The increase was mainly attributable to increased cost of online brand advertising revenues and increased cost of online game revenues.
Cost of Online Brand Advertising Revenues
Cost of online brand advertising revenues mainly consists of salary and benefits expenses, amortization of purchased copyrights, depreciation expenses, content and license costs, bandwidth leasing costs and revenue sharing payments.
Amortization of purchased copyrights is related to titles to movies and television series acquired from external parties. We amortize purchased copyrights over the shorter of the term of the applicable licensing period or the estimated period over which the benefits of the licensing contract will be enjoyed.
Cost of online brand advertising revenues was $25.8 million and $48.2 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $22.3 million and $39.5 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010.
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The increase in cost of online brand advertising revenues from the three months ended June 30, 2010 to the three months ended June 30, 2011 was $3.5 million. The increase was primarily attributable to investment in our video business, mainly consisting of a $2.8 million increase in bandwidth leasing cost, a $1.3 million increase in content and license costs and a $0.3 million increase in facility expenses, offset by a $0.7 million decrease in share-based compensation expense and a $0.3 million decrease in salary and benefits expenses.
The increase in cost of online brand advertising revenues from the six months ended June 30, 2010 to the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $8.7 million. The increase was primarily attributable to investment in our video business, mainly consisting of a $4.7 million increase in bandwidth leasing cost, a $4.7 million increase in content and license costs and a $0.7 million increase in facility expenses, offset by a $1.0 million decrease in share-based compensation expense and a $0.9 million decrease in salary and benefits expenses.
Our online brand advertising gross margin was 62% and 61%, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, as compared to 58% and 57%, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010. The increase in our online brand advertising gross margin was due to the growth in online brand advertising revenues having been faster than the increase in cost of online brand advertising revenues.
Cost of Online Game Revenues
Cost of online game revenues mainly consists of salary and benefits expenses, revenue-based royalty payments to game developers, bandwidth leasing costs, amortization of licensing fees, depreciation expenses, PRC business tax and value-added tax (VAT) arising from transactions between Changyous subsidiaries and its VIEs.
Cost of online game revenues was $10.0 million and $18.9 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $7.0 million and $12.4 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010.
The increase in cost of online game revenues from the three months ended June 30, 2010 to the three months ended June 30, 2011 was $3.0 million. The increase mainly consisted of a $1.1 million increase in salary and benefits expenses, which was attributable to the increased size of our workforce, a $0.9 million increase in bandwidth leasing costs, a $0.6 million increase in revenue-based royalty payments to game developers and a $0.2 million increase in depreciation expenses.
The increase from the six months ended June 30, 2010 to the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $6.5 million.
The increase mainly consisted of a $2.3 million increase in salary and benefits expenses, which was attributable to the increased size of our workforce, a $1.7 million increase in revenue-based royalty payments to game developers, a $1.6 million increase in bandwidth leasing costs and a $0.7 million increase in depreciation expenses.
Our online game gross margin was 90% both for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, as compared to 91% and 92%, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010.
Cost of Sogou Search and Start-up Page Revenues
Cost of Sogou search and start-up page revenues mainly consists of payments to our Website Alliance and depreciation and bandwidth leasing costs.
Cost of Sogou search and start-up page revenues was $6.1 million and $11.0 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $3.3 million and $6.1 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010.
The increase in cost of Sogou search and start-up page revenues from the three months ended June 30, 2010 to the three months ended June 30, 2011 was $2.8 million. The increase mainly consisted of a $1.9 million increase in payments to our Website Alliance and a $0.8 million increase in depreciation and bandwidth leasing costs.
The increase from the six months ended June 30, 2010 to the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $4.9 million. The increase mainly consisted of a $3.4 million increase in payments to our Website Alliance and a $1.4 million increase in depreciation and bandwidth leasing costs.
Cost of Wireless Revenues
Cost of wireless revenues mainly consists of collection charges and transmission fees paid to mobile network operators, payments to third party wireless service alliances and content suppliers, penalties, depreciation expenses, and bandwidth leasing costs.
Cost of wireless revenues was $7.1 million and $14.0 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $5.8 million and $12.7 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010.
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The collection and transmission charges vary among the mobile network operators. The collection charges and transmission fees mainly include (1) a gateway fee of $0.005 to $0.031 per message in the second quarter of 2011, and $0.003 to $0.029 per message in the second quarter of 2010, depending on the volume of the monthly total wireless messages, and (2) a collection fee of 15% to 87% of total fees collected by the mobile network operators from mobile phone users (with the residual paid to us) in the second quarter of 2011, compared to 0% to 80% in the second quarter of 2010.
Our wireless gross margin was 39% and 40%, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, as compared to 48% both for the corresponding periods in 2010. The decrease in our wireless gross margin was due to the growth in wireless revenues having been slower than the increase in cost of wireless revenues.
Cost of Revenues for Other Services
Cost of revenues for other services mainly consists of payment to cinemas or cinema circuits for pre-filming advertisement slots; personnel and other expenses in connection with sales of software, provision of ASP services and construction and maintenance of Websites.
Cost of revenues for other services was $4.2 million and $6.9 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $0.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010. The increase in cost of revenues for other services from the three months ended June 30, 2010 to the three months ended June 30, 2011 was $3.7 million. The increase from the six months ended June 30, 2010 to the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $5.9 million. The increase was mainly attributable to costs for our cinema advertisement business.
Operating Expenses
The following table presents our operating expenses by nature and by proportion for the periods indicated (in thousands, except percentages):
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2011 | 2010 | 2011 vs 2010 |
2011 | 2010 | 2011 vs 2010 |
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Operating expenses: |
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Product development |
$ | 24,858 | 32 | % | $ | 16,881 | 30 | % | $ | 7,977 | $ | 47,640 | 34 | % | $ | 32,399 | 31 | % | $ | 15,241 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
38,316 | 50 | % | 29,606 | 53 | % | 8,710 | 68,493 | 48 | % | 52,615 | 50 | % | 15,878 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
12,982 | 17 | % | 9,384 | 17 | % | 3,598 | 24,980 | 18 | % | 19,267 | 19 | % | 5,713 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
597 | 1 | % | 139 | 0 | % | 458 | 789 | 0 | % | 247 | 0 | % | 542 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total operating expenses |
$ | 76,753 | 100 | % | $ | 56,010 | 100 | % | $ | 20,743 | $ | 141,902 | 100 | % | $ | 104,528 | 100 | % | $ | 37,374 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Total operating expenses were $76.8 million and $141.9 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $56.0 million and $104.5 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010. The increase in operating expenses from the three months ended June 30, 2010 to the three months ended June 30, 2011 was $20.8 million, and the increase from the six months ended June 30, 2010 to the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $37.4 million. The increase was mainly attributable to increases in product development expenses and sales and marketing expenses.
Product Development Expenses
Product development expenses mainly consist of personnel-related expenses incurred for the enhancement to and maintenance of our Websites as well as costs associated with new product development and enhancement for existing products and services.
Product development expenses were $24.9 million and $47.6 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $16.9 million and $32.4 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010.
The increase in product development expenses from the three months ended June 30, 2010 to the three months ended June 30, 2011 was $8.0 million. The increase mainly consisted of a $6.8 million increase in salary and benefits expenses and a $1.2 million increase in content and license expenses.
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The increase in product development expenses from the six months ended June 30, 2010 to the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $15.2 million. The increase mainly consisted of a $12.4 million increase in salary and benefits expenses and a $2.2 million increase in content and license expenses.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing expenses mainly consist of advertising and promotional expenditures, salary and benefits expenses, sales commissions and travel expenses.
Sales and marketing expenses were $38.3 million and $68.5 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $29.6 million and $52.6 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010.
The increase in sales and marketing expenses from the three months ended June 30, 2010 to the three months ended June 30, 2011 was $8.7 million. The increase mainly consisted of a $5.3 million increase in salary and benefits expenses, a $2.7 million increase in advertising and promotional expenditures and a $0.4 million increase in facility expenses.
The increase in sales and marketing expenses from the six months ended June 30, 2010 to the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $15.9 million. The increase mainly consisted of a $9.2 million increase in salary and benefits expenses, a $3.4 million increase in advertising and promotional expenditures and a $0.8 million increase in facility expenses.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses mainly consist of salary and benefits expenses, professional service fees and office expenses.
General and administrative expenses were $13.0 million and $25.0 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $9.4 million and $19.3 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010.
The increase in general and administrative expenses from the three months ended June 30, 2010 to the three months ended June 30, 2011 was $3.6 million. The increase mainly consisted of a $2.5 million increase in salary and benefits expenses, a $0.5 million increase in professional service fees and a $0.3 million increase in office expenses.
The increase in general and administrative expenses from the six months ended June 30, 2010 to the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $5.7 million. The increase mainly consisted of a $3.1 million increase in salary and benefits expenses, a $1.2 million increase in professional service fees, and a $0.5 million increase in office expenses.
Amortization of Intangible Assets
Amortization of intangible assets mainly related to the acquisitions of the 17173.com, Focus.cn, GoodFeel and Go2Map.
Amortization of intangible assets was $0.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010.
Share-based Compensation Expense
Sohu, Changyou and Sogou all have incentive plans for the granting of share-based awards, including common stock/ ordinary shares, share options, restricted shares and restricted share units, to their employees and directors.
Share-based compensation expense was recognized in costs and/or expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010, respectively, as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense | 2011 | 2010 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||
Cost of revenues |
$ | 555 | $ | 1,248 | $ | 1,290 | $ | 2,283 | ||||||||
Product development expenses |
1,421 | 2,218 | 3,193 | 4,663 | ||||||||||||
Sales and marketing expenses |
872 | 1,176 | 1,961 | 2,131 | ||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses |
1,568 | 1,811 | 3,240 | 3,904 | ||||||||||||
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$ | 4,416 | $ | 6,453 | $ | 9,684 | $ | 12,981 | |||||||||
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Share-based compensation expense recognized for share awards of Sohu, Changyou and Sogou, respectively, was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense | 2011 | 2010 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||
For Sohus share-based awards |
$ | 2,593 | $ | 4,498 | $ | 6,128 | $ | 8,083 | ||||||||
For Changyous share-based awards |
1,305 | 1,955 | 3,038 | 4,898 | ||||||||||||
For Sogous share-based awards |
518 | 0 | 518 | 0 | ||||||||||||
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$ | 4,416 | $ | 6,453 | $ | 9,684 | $ | 12,981 | |||||||||
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For Sohus share options, as of June 30, 2011 there was no unrecognized compensation expense because the requisite service periods for the remaining share options had ended by the end of 2009. For Sohus restricted share units, as of June 30, 2011 there was $13.1 million of related unrecognized compensation expense.
For Changyous share-based awards, as of June 30, 2011, there was $5.4 million of unrecognized compensation expense.
For Sogous share-based awards, as of June 30, 2011, there was $1.2 million of unrecognized compensation expense.
Operating Profit
As a result of the foregoing, our operating profit was $68.8 million and $132.2 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $51.2 million and $99.3 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010.
Other Income (Expense)
Other income was $1.5 million and $2.0 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to other expense of $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010.
Interest Income and Exchange Difference
For the three months ended June 30, 2011, interest income and exchange difference was $1.6 million, comprising interest income of $3.3 million, offset by exchange loss of $1.7 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2011, interest income and exchange difference was $3.9 million, comprising interest income of $6.0 million, offset by exchange loss of $2.1 million. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, interest income and exchange difference was $1.0 million and $2.2 million, respectively, mainly consisted of interest income.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense was $10.3 million and $21.3 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $6.3 million and $14.3 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010.
The increase in income tax expense from the three months ended June 30, 2010 to the three months ended June 30, 2011 was $4.0 million. The increase was mainly due to a $2.6 million increase in income tax expense for online game business.
The increase in income tax expense from the six months ended June 30, 2010 to the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $7.0 million. The increase was mainly due to a $5.3 million increase in income tax expense for online game business.
Net Income
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, we had net income of $61.6 million and $116.8 million, respectively, compared to $45.5 million and $86.8 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods of 2010.
For the three months ended June 30, 2011, we had net income of $61.6 million, including $10.2 million from online brand advertising, wireless and others segment, $54.6 million from Changyou segment, and negative $3.2 million from Sogou segment. For the three months ended June 30, 2010, we had net income of $45.5 million, including $9.7 million from online brand advertising, wireless and others segment, $42.1 million from Changyou segment, and negative $6.3 million from Sogou segment.
For the six months ended June 30, 2011, we had net income of $116.8 million, including $19.3 million from online brand advertising, wireless and others segment, $107.5 million from Changyou segment, and negative $10.0 million from Sogou segment. For the six months ended June 30, 2010, we had net income of $86.8 million, including $18.8 million from online brand advertising, wireless and others segment, $81.8 million from Changyou segment, and negative $13.8 million from Sogou segment.
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Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest was $17.0 million and $27.3 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $12.0 million and $23.1 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010.
The increase in net income attributable to noncontrolling interest was mainly due to increased net income of Changyou.
We expect the noncontrolling interest recognized for Changyou to increase in the third quarter of 2011, compared to the second quarter of 2011, due to vesting of share-based awards as described in Note 11 - Sohu.com Inc. Shareholders Equity - Changyou.com Limited Share-based Awards, as well as the increase in Changyous net income.
We expect the noncontrolling interest recognized for Sogou to remain at a low level in the third quarter of 2011.
Net Income attributable to Sohu.com Inc.
As a result of the foregoing, we had net income attributable to Sohu of $44.3 million and $89.1 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to $33.5 million and $63.6 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2010.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our principal sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, investment in debt securities, as well as the cash flows generated from our operations.
As of June 30, 2011, we had cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and investment in debt securities of approximately $811.4 million. As of June 30, 2010, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $599.1 million. Cash equivalents primarily comprise time deposits.
Sohu entered into an agreement to purchase an office building to be built in Beijing, which will serve as our headquarters, for a purchase price of $124 million. As of June 30, 2011, $80 million had been paid and was recognized as prepaid non-current assets in our consolidated financial statements. The remaining $44 million payment will be settled in installments as various stages of the development plan are completed. Construction is expected to be completed by the end of 2012.
Changyou entered into an agreement to purchase an office building to be built in Beijing, which will serve as its headquarters, for a purchase price of approximately $153 million. As of June 30, 2011, $61 million had been paid and was recognized as prepaid non-current assets in our consolidated financial statements. The remaining $92 million payment will be settled in installments as various stages of the development plan are completed. Construction is expected to be completed by the end of 2012.
We believe our current liquidity and capital resources are sufficient to meet anticipated working capital needs (net cash used in operating activities), commitments and capital expenditures over the next twelve months. We may, however, require additional cash resources due to changes in business conditions and other future developments, or changes in general economic conditions.
Cash Generating Ability
We believe we will continue to generate strong cash flow from our online brand advertising business and online game business, which, along with our available cash, will provide sufficient liquidity and financial flexibility.
Our cash flows were summarized below (in thousands):
Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
2011 | 2010 | |||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
$ | 156,078 | $ | 100,536 | ||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(131,087 | ) | (65,558 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
2,710 | (1,470 | ) | |||||
Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents |
11,965 | 1,815 | ||||||
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Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |
39,666 | 35,323 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
678,389 | 563,782 | ||||||
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ | 718,055 | $ | 599,105 | ||||
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Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
For the six months ended June 30, 2011, $156.1 million net cash provided by operating activities was primarily attributable to our net income of $116.8 million, adjusted by non-cash items of share-based compensation expense of $9.7 million, depreciation and amortization of $26.9 million, cash from working capital items of $4.4 million and other miscellaneous non-cash expense of $1.2 million, offset by a decrease in cash of $1.8 million from fair value change in debt securities and $1.1 million from excess tax benefits.
For the six months ended June 30, 2010, $100.5 million net cash provided by operating activities was primarily attributable to our net income of $86.8 million, adjusted by non-cash items of share-based compensation expense of $13.0 million, depreciation and amortization of $11.1 million and other miscellaneous non-cash expense of $0.4 million, offset by a decrease in cash from working capital items of $9.6 million and $1.2 million from excess tax benefits.
In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the above excess tax benefits were presented as a reduction in cash flows from operating activities and a cash inflow from financing activities. Realizing this benefit reduced the amount of taxes payable and does not otherwise affect cash flows.
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
For the six months ended June 30, 2011, $131.1 million net cash used in investing activities was primarily attributable to $61.0 million used in acquiring fixed assets, intangible assets and prepaid non-current assets and $70.1 million used in business acquisitions and investing activities.
For the six months ended June 30, 2010, $65.6 million net cash used in investing activities was primarily attributable to a $52.2 million used in acquiring fixed assets, intangible assets and prepaid non-current assets and $13.4 million used in business acquisition.
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities
For the six months ended June 30, 2011, $2.7 million net cash provided by financing activities was primarily attributable to $1.4 million from the issuance of common stock upon the exercise of share options granted under our stock incentive plan, $1.1 million excess tax benefits mentioned in above Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities, and $0.2 million in proceeds from noncontrolling shareholders.
For the six months ended June 3, 2010, $1.5 million net cash used in financing activities was primarily attributable to repayment of a $3.0 million loan by one of Sohus subsidiaries to a third party, offset by a $1.2 million in excess tax benefits mentioned above in Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities, and $0.3 million from the issuance of common stock upon the exercise of share options granted under our stock incentive plan.
Restrictions on Cash Transfers to Sohu.com Inc.
To fund any cash requirements it may have, Sohu may need to rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by Sohu.com Limited and Changyou, our wholly-owned subsidiary and majority-owned subsidiary. Since substantially all of our operations are conducted through our indirect China-based wholly-owned subsidiaries, majority-owned subsidiaries and VIEs, Sohu.com Limited and Changyou may need to rely on dividends, loans or advances made by our PRC subsidiaries.
Substantially all of Changyous operations are conducted through Gamease, Guanyou Gamespace and Shanghai ICE, our VIEs, which generate all of our online game revenues. As these VIEs are not owned by Changyous subsidiaries, they are not able to make dividend payments to Changyous subsidiaries. Instead, each of AmazGame, Gamespace and ICE WFOE, which are Changyous subsidiaries in China, has entered into a number of contracts with its corresponding VIEs to provide services to such VIE in return for cash payments. In order for us to receive any dividends, loans or advances from Changyous PRC subsidiaries, or to distribute any dividends to our shareholders and ADS holders, we will need to rely on these payments made from these VIEs to Changyous PRC subsidiaries. Depending on the nature of services provided by Changyous PRC subsidiaries to their corresponding VIEs, certain of these payments are subject to PRC taxes, including business taxes and VAT, which effectively reduce the amount that a PRC subsidiary receives from its corresponding VIE. In addition, the PRC government could impose restrictions on such payments or change the tax rates applicable to such payments.
In addition, regulations in the PRC currently permit payment of dividends of a PRC company only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with accounting standards and regulations in China. Our China-based subsidiaries, which are wholly foreign-owned enterprises (WFOEs), are also required to set aside at least 10% of their after-tax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to their general reserves until the cumulative amount reaches 50% of their paid-in capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends, or as loans or advances. These WFOEs may also allocate a portion of their after-tax profits, at the discretion of their Boards of Directors, to their staff welfare and bonus funds. Any amounts so allocated may not be distributed to Changyou and/or to Sohu.com Limited and, accordingly, would not be available for distribution to Sohu.
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Also, under regulations of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, ("SAFE"), the RMB is not convertible into foreign currencies for capital account items, such as loans, repatriation of investments and investments outside of China, unless prior approval of the SAFE is obtained and prior registration with the SAFE is made.
With respect to PRC tax, certain dividends paid by WFOEs to their immediate Hong Kong holding companies that meet tax authorities requirements would be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5%, which would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to Sohu. Any such dividends paid to Hong Kong holding companies that did not meet the tax authorities requirements would be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 10%, which would further reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to Sohu.
With respect to U.S. tax, as Sohu Group has two listed companies, Sohu.com Inc. and Changyou.com Limited, which are regarded as separate legal entities for U.S. tax purposes, certain transactions between these two companies as well as between their subsidiaries and VIEs might expose Sohu.com Inc. to 34% U.S. Corporate Income Tax. In addition, certain transactions of Changyou and its subsidiaries and VIEs (for example, investing in U.S. properties) might also expose Sohu.com Inc. to the risk that these transactions will be treated as taxable for U.S. tax purposes. Moreover, if Changyou pays dividends, Sohu.com Inc., as one of the shareholders of Changyou, might be subject to U.S. tax at 34% for the dividends received or, under certain circumstances, when Sohu sells Changyou American depositary shares (ADSs) originally held by Sohu at a price higher than its U.S. tax basis, a portion of the proceeds will be subject to U.S. tax at 34%. Furthermore, any dividends or any deemed dividends received by Sohu.com Inc. would be subject to U.S. Tax at 34%.
We do not expect any of such restrictions or taxes to have a material impact on our ability to meet our cash obligations.
Dividend Policy
The two listed companies within the Sohu Group, Sohu.com Inc. and Changyou.com Limited, do not expect to pay dividends on their common stock and ordinary shares, respectively, in the foreseeable future. The Sohu Group currently intends to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of its business, and does not anticipate paying any cash dividends on Sohu.com Inc.s common stock or on Changyou.com Limiteds ordinary shares, including ordinary shares represented by Changyou.com Limiteds ADSs, for the foreseeable future.
Future cash dividends distributed by Sohu.com Inc. and Changyou.com Limited, if any, will be declared at the discretion of their respective Boards of Directors and will depend upon their future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors as their respective Boards of Directors may deem relevant.
Holders of ADSs of Changyou.com Limited will be entitled to receive dividends, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, to the same extent as the holders of Changyou.com Limiteds ordinary shares, less the fees and expenses payable under the deposit agreement. Cash dividends will be paid by the depositary to holders of ADSs in U.S. dollars, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement. Other distributions, if any, will be paid by the depositary to holders of ADSs in any manner that the depositary deems equitable and practicable.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET COMMITMENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS
We have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of third parties. We have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or that engages in leasing, hedging or product development services with us.
IMPACT OF RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In April 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued revised guidance on the Reconsideration of Effective Control for Repurchase Agreement. The revised guidance specifies the criterion pertaining to an exchange of collateral should not be a determining factor in assessing effective control, which should focus on a transferors contractual rights and obligations with respect to transferred financial assets if an entity enters into agreements to transfer financial assets that both entitle and obligate the transferor to repurchase or redeem the financial assets before their maturity. The revised guidance removes from the assessment of effective control (1) the criterion requiring the transferor to have the ability to repurchase or redeem the financial assets on substantially the agreed terms, even in the event of default by the transferee, and (2) the collateral maintenance implementation guidance related to that criterion. The revised guidance is effective prospectively to transactions or modifications of existing transactions that occur on or after the first interim or annual period beginning on or after December 15, 2011. We have not early adopted the new guidance and are currently evaluating the impact on our consolidated financial statements of adopting this guidance.
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In May 2011, FASB issued revised guidance on the Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs. The revised guidance specifies how to measure fair value and improve the comparability of fair value measurements presented and disclosed in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and IFRSs, not requiring additional fair value measurements and not intending to establish valuation standards or affect valuation practices outside of financial reporting. The revised guidance is effective to all reporting entities that are required or permitted to measure or disclose the fair value of an asset, a liability, or an instrument classified in a reporting entitys shareholders equity in the financial statements during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. We have not early adopted the new guidance and are currently evaluating the impact on our consolidated financial statements of adopting this guidance.
In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued revised guidance on the Presentation of Comprehensive Income. The revised guidance requires an entity to present reclassification adjustments on the face of the financial statements from other comprehensive income to net income and eliminates one presentation option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholders equity. The revised guidance states that an entity has the option to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. In a single continuous statement, the entity is required to present the components of net income and total net income, the components of other comprehensive income and a total for other comprehensive income, along with the total of comprehensive income in that statement. In the two-statement approach, an entity is required to present components of net income and total net income in the statement of net income. The statement of other comprehensive income should immediately follow the statement of net income and include the components of other comprehensive income and a total for other comprehensive income, along with a total for comprehensive income. The revised guidance is to be applied retrospectively and is effective for interim or annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. We have not early adopted the new guidance and are currently evaluating the impact on our consolidated financial statements of adopting this guidance.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK
FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATE RISK
While our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, to date the majority of our revenues and costs are denominated in RMB and a significant portion of our assets and liabilities are denominated in RMB. As a result, we are exposed to foreign exchange risk as our revenues and results of operations may be affected by fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the RMB. If the RMB depreciates against the U.S. dollar, the value of our RMB revenues and assets as expressed in our U.S. dollar financial statements will decline. We do not hold any derivative or other financial instruments that expose us to substantial market risk.
The RMB is currently freely convertible under the current account, which includes dividends, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not under the capital account, which includes foreign direct investment. In addition, commencing on July 21, 2005, China reformed its exchange rate regime by changing to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand with reference to a basket of currencies. Under the managed floating exchange rate regime, the RMB is no longer pegged to the U.S. dollar. The exchange rate of the RMB against the U.S. dollar was adjusted to RMB8.11 per U.S. dollar as of July 21, 2005, representing an appreciation of about 2%. The Peoples Bank of China will announce the closing prices of foreign currencies such as the U.S. dollar traded against the RMB in the inter-bank foreign exchange market after the closing of the market on each business day, and will make such prices the central parity for trading against the RMB on the following business day. On May 19, 2007, the Peoples Bank of China announced a policy to expand the maximum daily floating range of RMB trading prices against the U.S. dollar in the inter-bank spot foreign exchange market from 0.3% to 0.5%. While the international reactions to the RMB revaluation and widening of the RMBs daily trading band have generally been positive, with the increased floating range of the RMBs value against foreign currencies, the RMB may appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar or other foreign currencies in the long term, depending on the fluctuation of the basket of currencies against which it is currently valued.
On June 19, 2010, the Peoples Bank of China announced that it has decided to proceed further with the reform of the RMB exchange rate regime to enhance the flexibility of the RMB exchange rate and that emphasis would be placed on reflecting market supply and demand with reference to a basket of currencies. While so indicating its intention to make the RMBs exchange rate more flexible, the Peoples Bank of China ruled out any sharp fluctuations in the currency or a one-off adjustment. In early August 2011, the center point of the currencys official trading band hit 6.436 representing appreciation of more than 5%. As a result of the announcement, the RMB may appreciate or depreciate more significantly in value against the U.S. dollar or other foreign currencies in the long term, depending on the market supply and demand with reference to a basket of currencies.
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To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to successfully hedge our exposure. Accordingly, we may incur economic losses in the future due to foreign exchange rate fluctuations, which could have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
The following table sets forth a summary of our foreign currency sensitive financial instruments as of June 30, 2011, which consisted of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, investment in debt securities, account receivables, prepaid and other current assets, and current liabilities. The maturity of those financial instruments was less than one year and their book value approximated fair value.
Denominated in (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
US$ | RMB | HK$ | Others | Total | ||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
208,899 | 507,061 | 1,533 | 562 | 718,055 | |||||||||||||||
Short-term investments |
0 | 16,070 | 0 | 0 | 16,070 | |||||||||||||||
Investment in debt securities |
0 | 77,280 | 0 | 0 | 77,280 | |||||||||||||||
Account Receivables |
1,336 | 84,470 | 28 | 164 | 85,998 | |||||||||||||||
Prepaid and other current assets |
3,051 | 23,678 | 4 | 391 | 27,124 | |||||||||||||||
Current liabilities |
18,266 | 244,833 | 99 | 12 | 263,210 |
INTEREST RATE RISK
The basic objectives of our investment program are to protect the invested funds from excessive risk and to provide for liquidity that is sufficient to meet operating and investment cash requirements. Under the investment policy, our excess cash is invested in high-quality securities which are limited as to length of time to maturity and the amount of credit exposure.
Our exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to the interest income generated from excess cash invested in demand deposits and debt securities. We have not used derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio in order to reduce this risk. We have not been exposed nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates.
INFLATION RATE RISK
According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the consumer price index grew 5.4% in the first half of 2011. This rate of inflation was the highest in the past two years, and there may be further inflation in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report (the Evaluation Date), have concluded that as of the Evaluation Date our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and designed to ensure that all material information related to Sohu required to be included in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission and to ensure that information required to be disclosed is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
During the period covered by this quarterly report, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
There have been no material developments in the legal proceedings reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2011 and Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2011, respectively.
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Due to recent Chinese accounting scandals, the price of our common stock might fluctuate significantly and if our stock price drops sharply, we may be subject to shareholder litigation, which could cause our stock price to fall further.
In the past few months, there have been well-publicized accounting problems at several U.S.-listed Chinese companies that have resulted in significant drops in the trading prices of their shares and, in some cases, have led to the resignation of outside auditors, trading halts or share de-listings by NASDAQ or the New York Stock Exchange, and investigations by the Division of Enforcement of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Many, but not all, of the companies involved in these scandals had entered the U.S. trading market through reverse mergers into publicly traded shells. The scandals have had a broad effect on Chinese companies with shares listed in the United States. For example, Interactive Brokers Group joined other brokers in banning clients from borrowing money to buy securities of any of 160 Chinese companies, including Sina, Sohu and most PRC-based Internet companies. We believe that, although we have had effective internal controls since our listing in NASDAQ in 2000 and we were one of the few Chinese companies to report no material weaknesses in internal controls over financial reporting in the first year that Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was in effect, such accounting scandals in other Chinese companies could have an adverse effect on the market for shares of our common stock. Investors could lose confidence in PRC companies in general, which could lead to fluctuations in the market prices of our common stock and, if such prices were to drop sharply, could subject us to shareholder litigation, which could cause the price for our shares to drop further.
With the exception of the forgoing, there are no material changes or updates to the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2011.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Use of Proceeds
On July 17, 2000, Sohu completed an underwritten initial public offering of its common stock pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (SEC file No. 333-96137), which became effective on July 10, 2000. Public trading of the common stock offered in the initial public offering commenced on July 12, 2000. Sohu sold an aggregate of 4,600,000 shares of common stock in the offering at a price to the public of $13 per share, resulting in gross proceeds of $59.8 million. Sohus net proceeds, after deduction of the underwriting discount of $4.2 million and other offering expenses of $3.2 million, were approximately $52.4 million. All shares sold in the offering were sold by Sohu.
During the three months ended June 30, 2011, Sohu did not use any proceeds from the offering. The remaining net proceeds from the offering have been invested in cash and cash equivalents. The use of the proceeds from the offering does not represent a material change in the use of proceeds described in the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement on Form S-1 described above.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. (REMOVED AND RESERVED)
None.
None.
Please see the Exhibit Index attached hereto.
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Dated: August 8, 2011
SOHU.COM INC. | ||
By: | /s/ Carol Yu Carol Yu | |
Co-President and Chief Financial Officer |
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Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for Quarter Ended June 30, 2011
EXHIBITS INDEX
2.1* | Share Transfer Framework Agreement, dated April 22, 2011 | |
31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Charles Zhang | |
31.2 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Carol Yu | |
32.1 | Section 1350 Certification of Charles Zhang | |
32.2 | Section 1350 Certification of Carol Yu |
* | Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and the omitted information has been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission. |
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Exhibit 2.1
Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been separately filed with the SEC.
Share Transfer Framework Agreement
by and among
Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
Changyou.com Limited
Johnny, Cao Kai
Kent, Yang Zhiyi
Justin, Long Chunyan
Liqing Zeng
Yuan Wang
Tao Liu
Jie Zhang
Ben, Meng Shuqi
Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership (Limited)
Shenzhen Capital Group Co., Ltd
And
Shenzhen 7Road Technology Co., Ltd.
Relating to the transfer of 68.258% equity interests in each of
Shenzhen 7Road Technology Co., Ltd and its overseas affiliate
Dated as of April 22, 2011
Contents
I. |
DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS | 4 | ||||
1.1 | DEFINITIONS | 4 | ||||
1.2 | INTERPRETATIONS | 8 | ||||
II. |
DOMESTIC SHARE TRANSFER TRANSACTION | 8 | ||||
2.1 | DOMESTIC SHARE TRANSFER | 8 | ||||
2.2 | DOMESTIC CONSIDERATION | 8 | ||||
2.3 | PAYMENT OF DOMESTIC CONSIDERATION | 10 | ||||
2.4 | DOMESTIC CLOSING | 11 | ||||
2.5 | DOMESTIC SHARE TRANSFER AGREEMENT | 11 | ||||
III. |
OVERSEAS SHARE TRANSFER TRANSACTION | 12 | ||||
3.1 | OVERSEAS SHARE TRANSFER | 12 | ||||
3.2 | OVERSEAS CONSIDERATION | 12 | ||||
3.3 | PAYMENT OF OVERSEAS CONSIDERATION | 14 | ||||
3.4 | OVERSEAS CLOSING | 15 | ||||
3.5 | OVERSEAS SHARE TRANSFER AGREEMENT | 16 | ||||
IV. |
ANTI-DILUTION AND PUT OPTION RIGHTS OF EXISTING SHAREHOLDERS | 17 | ||||
4.1 | ANTI-DILUTION | 17 | ||||
4.2 | PUT OPTION RIGHTS OF THE EXISTING SHAREHOLDERS | 17 | ||||
V. |
TAX, COSTS AND EXPENSES | 19 | ||||
5.1 | TAX LIABILITY | 19 | ||||
5.2 | COSTS AND EXPENSES | 21 | ||||
VI. |
CONDITIONS PRECEDENT | 22 | ||||
6.1 | CONDITIONS FOR THE TRANSFEREE TO AGREE ON INITIAL PAYMENT AND THE DOMESTIC CLOSING | 22 | ||||
6.2 | CONDITIONS FOR THE TRANSFEREE TO AGREE ON OVERSEAS CLOSING | 24 | ||||
6.3 | CONDITIONS FOR THE TRANSFERORS TO AGREE ON DOMESTIC CLOSING | 26 | ||||
6.4 | CONDITIONS FOR EXISTING SHAREHOLDERS TO AGREE ON OVERSEAS CLOSING | 28 | ||||
VII. |
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE TRANSFERORS/EXISTING SHAREHOLDERS | 29 | ||||
7.1 | QUALIFICATIONS, POWERS AND RIGHTS | 29 | ||||
7.2 | AUTHORIZATION, VALIDITY OF THIS AGREEMENT | 30 | ||||
7.3 | BUSINESS AND OPERATION OF THE COMPANY | 31 | ||||
7.4 | COMPLIANCE | 32 | ||||
7.5 | ASSETS OF THE COMPANY | 32 | ||||
7.6 | INFORMATION DISCLOSURE | 33 | ||||
7.7 | FINANCIAL MATERIALS | 33 | ||||
7.8 | LABOR | 34 | ||||
7.9 | EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN FOR EMPLOYEES | 34 | ||||
7.10 | TAX | 34 | ||||
7.11 | LITIGATION | 34 | ||||
7.12 | CONSENTS | 34 | ||||
7.13 | RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS | 35 | ||||
VIII. |
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY | 35 | ||||
8.1 | QUALIFICATIONS, POWERS AND RIGHTS | 35 | ||||
8.2 | AUTHORIZATION, VALIDITY OF THIS AGREEMENT | 35 | ||||
8.3 | NO VIOLATIONS OF LAWS AND NO DEFAULTS | 36 | ||||
8.4 | COMPLIANCE | 36 | ||||
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8.5 | BUSINESS AND OPERATION OF THE COMPANY | 36 | ||||
8.6 | INFORMATION DISCLOSURE | 37 | ||||
8.7 | FINANCIAL MATERIALS | 37 | ||||
8.8 | PROPERTY RIGHTS | 38 | ||||
8.9 | LABOR | 38 | ||||
8.10 | EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN FOR EMPLOYEES | 38 | ||||
8.11 | RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS | 38 | ||||
8.12 | TAX | 39 | ||||
8.13 | INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS | 39 | ||||
8.14 | LITIGATION | 39 | ||||
8.15 | CONSENTS | 39 | ||||
IX. |
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE TRANSFEREE AND ITS OVERSEAS COMPANY | 39 | ||||
9.1 | QUALIFICATIONS | 40 | ||||
9.2 | AUTHORIZATION, VALIDITY OF THIS AGREEMENT | 40 | ||||
9.3 | AUTHORIZATIONS | 40 | ||||
9.4 | NO VIOLATIONS OF LAWS AND NO DEFAULTS | 40 | ||||
9.5 | SUFFICIENCY OF CAPITAL AND CAPABILITY | 41 | ||||
9.6 | LITIGATION | 41 | ||||
9.7 | CONSENTS | 41 | ||||
X. |
COVENANTS OF THE TRANSFERORS/EXISTING SHAREHOLDERS | 41 | ||||
10.1 | PRE-DOMESTIC CLOSING COVENANTS | 41 | ||||
10.2 | PRE-OVERSEAS CLOSING COVENANTS | 43 | ||||
10.3 | POST-OVERSEAS CLOSING COVENANTS | 45 | ||||
XI. |
COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY | 46 | ||||
11.1 | PRE-DOMESTIC CLOSING COVENANTS | 46 | ||||
11.2 | PRE-OVERSEAS CLOSING COVENANTS | 48 | ||||
11.3 | POST-OVERSEAS CLOSING COVENANTS | 48 | ||||
XII. |
COVENANTS OF THE TRANSFEREE/THE OVERSEAS COMPANY OF THE TRANSFEREE | 48 | ||||
12.1 | PRE-DOMESTIC CLOSING COVENANTS | 48 | ||||
12.2 | PRE-OVERSEAS CLOSING COVENANTS | 50 | ||||
12.3 | POST-OVERSEAS CLOSING COVENANTS | 50 | ||||
XIII. |
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | 51 | ||||
13.1 | SHAREHOLDERS MEETINGS, BOARD OF DIRECTORS, SUPERVISORS AND MANAGEMENT | 51 | ||||
13.2 | AUDIT REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 51 | ||||
13.3 | OTHER MATTERS | 51 | ||||
XIV. |
INDEMNIFICATION | 52 | ||||
14.1 | INDEMNIFICATION | 52 | ||||
14.2 | TERM OF VALIDITY | 54 | ||||
14.3 | MINIMUM AMOUNT OF INDEMNIFICATION | 54 | ||||
14.4 | LIMITS OF INDEMNIFICATION | 54 | ||||
14.5 | MISCELLANEOUS | |||||
XV. |
TERMINATION | 55 | ||||
15.1 | TERMINATION DUE TO DEFAULTS | 55 | ||||
15.2 | TERMINATION DUE TO MATERIAL ADVERSE CHANGES AND NON-COMPLETION OF CONDITIONS | 56 | ||||
15.3 | EFFECT OF TERMINATION | 56 | ||||
15.4 | DELAYED INTEREST | 57 |
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XVI. |
APPLICABLE LAW AND RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES | 57 | ||||
16.1 | APPLICABLE LAW | 57 | ||||
16.2 | CONSULTATION | 57 | ||||
16.3 | ARBITRATION | 57 | ||||
XVII. |
MISCELLANEOUS | 57 | ||||
17.1 | REVISION AND AMENDMENT | 57 | ||||
17.2 | NOTICE | 58 | ||||
17.3 | EXHIBIT | 61 | ||||
17.4 | EFFECTIVENESS | 61 | ||||
17.5 | COUNTERPARTS | 61 | ||||
17.6 | ALL AGREEMENTS, WITHOUT THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES | 61 | ||||
17.7 | SEVERABILITY | 61 | ||||
17.8 | NON-WAIVING OF RIGHTS | 62 | ||||
17.9 | ASSIGNMENT | 62 | ||||
EXHIBIT I: DOMESTIC SHARE TRANSFER AGREEMENT |
13 | |||||
EXHIBIT II: OVERSEAS REORGANIZATION PLAN |
14 | |||||
EXHIBIT III: TRANSFER CONSIDERATION CALCULATION STANDARD |
15 | |||||
EXHIBIT IV: OVERSEAS SHARE TRANSFER AGREEMENT |
1 | |||||
EXHIBIT V: NEW ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION |
2 | |||||
EXHIBIT VI: NEW SHAREHOLDERS AGREEMENT |
1 | |||||
EXHIBIT VII: LEGAL OPINION |
2 | |||||
EXHIBIT VIII: LABOR CONTRACT |
3 |
iii
Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been separately filed with the SEC.
Share Transfer Framework Agreement
This Share Transfer Framework Agreement (referred to as this Agreement) is entered into in Shenzhen City, the Peoples Republic of China, on April 22, 2011 by and among:
(1) | Johnny, Cao Kai, a Chinese citizen (ID card number: *, with its address at *; |
(2) | Kent, Yang Zhiyi, a Chinese citizen (ID card number: *), with its address at *; |
(3) | Justin, Long Chunyan, a Chinese citizen (ID card number: *), with its address at *; |
(4) | Liqing Zeng, a Chinese citizen (ID card number: *), with its address at *; |
(5) | Yuan Wang, a Chinese citizen (ID card number: *), with its address at *; |
(6) | Tao Liu, a Chinese citizen (ID card number: *), with its address at *; |
(7) | Jie Zhang, a Chinese citizen (ID card number: *), with its address at *; |
(8) | Ben, Meng Shuqi, a Chinese citizen (ID card number: *), with its address at *; |
(9) | Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership, a limited partnership duly formed and validly existing under the Laws of the Peoples Republic of China with registered address at Room 2805, International Culture Building, No. 3039, Shennan Zhonglu, Futian District, Shenzhen, China; |
(10) | Shenzhen Capital Group Co., Ltd, a limited liability company duly incorporated and validly existing under the laws of the Peoples Republic of China with its registered address at 11th Floor, Investment Building Hotel, No. 4009, Shennan Road, Futian District central area, Shenzhen City; |
The symbol * in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.
1
(11) | Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., a limited liability company duly incorporated and validly existing under the Laws of the Peoples Republic of China (referred to as the Transferee); |
(12) | Changyou.com Limited, a company duly incorporated and validly existing under the laws of Cayman Island, with its registered address at Scotia Centre, 4th Floor, P.O. Box 2804, George Town, Grand Cayman KY1-1112, Cayman Islands; and |
(13) | Shenzhen 7Road Technology Co., Ltd, a limited liability company duly incorporated and validly existing under the Laws of the Peoples Republic of China, with its registered address at Unit B2-B5, 16th Floor, YanXiang Technology Building, No. 31, Gao Xin Zhong Si Road, Nan Shan District, Shenzhen City (referred to as the Company). |
The foregoing are referred to as the Parties collectively or a Party individually.
WHEREAS:
(1) Shenzhen 7Road Technology Co., Ltd is a limited liability company duly incorporated and validly existing under the Laws of the Peoples Republic of China. It was registered in Shenzhen City, the Peoples Republic of China, in January 2008 with registered capital of RMB 10,000,000;
As of the date of this Agreement, the Company has ten (10) registered shareholders (referred to as the Original Shareholders). Their names, amount of capital contribution and shareholding percentage are as follows:
Name |
Amount of capital contribution ( RMB ) |
Shareholding percentage |
||||||
Johnny, Cao Kai |
3,931,000 | 39.31 | % | |||||
Kent, Yang Zhiyi |
273,000 | 2.73 | % | |||||
Justin, Long Chunyan |
273,000 | 2.73 | % | |||||
Liqing Zeng |
1,650,000 | 16.50 | % | |||||
Yuan Wang |
1,242,000 | 12.42 | % | |||||
Tao Liu |
340,000 | 3.40 | % | |||||
Jie Zhang |
193,800 | 1.938 | % | |||||
Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership (Limited) |
900,000 | 9.00 | % | |||||
Shenzhen Capital Group Co., Ltd |
1,000,000 | 10.00 | % | |||||
Ben, Meng Shuqi |
197,200 | 1.972 | % | |||||
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Total |
10,000,000 | 100.00 | % | |||||
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(3) Other Original Shareholders apart from Ben, Meng Shuqi (referred to as the Transferors, each as a Transferor) intend to transfer part of or all of their equity interests in the Company, among which, Johnny, Cao Kai intends to transfer part of his equity interests in the Company (accounting for 13.72% of all equity interests of the Company); Kent, Yang Zhiyi intends to transfer part of his equity interests in the Company (accounting for 0.64% of all the equity interests of the Company); Justin, Long Chunyan intends to transfer part of his equity interests in the Company (accounting for 0.64% of all the equity interests of the Company); Liqing Zeng, Yuan Wang, Tao Liu, Jie Zhang, Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership and Shenzhen Capital Group intend to transfer all of their equity interests in the Company. The aggregate equity interests intended to be transferred by the above Parties account for 68.258% of all the equity interests of the Company.
(4) The Transferee intends to purchase the equity interests to be transferred by the Transferors (accounting for 68.258% of all equity interests of the Company) as well as all the rights and interests represented thereby (referred to as the Domestic Target Shares);
(5) In the mean time, to realize a possible IPO (as defined in section 1.1 Definitions) with the Companys asset and business, it is proposed that the Existing Shareholders (as defined in section 1.1 Definitions) will first incorporate a series of overseas holding companies, including the Cayman Company (as defined in section 1.1. Definitions), which will directly incorporate a subsidiary in the PRC (referred to as the WFOE). Then, the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders (as defined in section 1.1. Definitions), after their incorporation, will in aggregate transfer 68.258% of the equity interests in the Cayman Company as well as the rights and interests represented thereby (referred to as the Overseas Target Shares ) to the Overseas Company of the Transferee (as defined in section 1.1. Definitions) according to the corporate structure of the Company after the completion of the transfers of the Domestic Target Shares. Then the Transferee, Existing Shareholders, WFOE and the Company will enter into a series of contractual agreements to form a structure applicable for the IPO (referred to as the Red-chip Structure).
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Therefore, in order to realize the purpose of the Domestic Share Transfer and the Overseas Share Transfer (each as defined in section 1.1. Definitions) mentioned above, and upon the consultation on the basis of equality, the Parties agree:
I. | Definitions and Interpretations |
1.1 | Definitions |
Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, the following terms have the respective meanings set forth below:
7Road Group | shall mean the Company, and any of its subsidiaries and branches. 7Road Group shall also include the Cayman Company and the WFOE provided that the WFOE has entered into the VIE Agreements with relevant parties including the Company and the Existing Shareholders, according to this Agreement, and that the Red-chip Structure has been duly created. | |
Affiliate or Affiliates | shall mean, with respect to any Person, any other Person that directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such Person. For purposes of this definition, control means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through ownership of voting securities or general partnership or managing member interests, by contract or otherwise. If any person, directly or indirectly, holds more than 50% of the voting securities of any other Person, it shall be deemed as controlling such Person. | |
Business Day | shall mean a calendar day other than Saturday, Sunday or other legal holidays in the PRC. | |
Cayman Company | shall have the meaning defined in Exhibit II. |
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China or PRC | shall mean the Peoples Republic of China, solely for purposes of this Agreement, excluding Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macau Special Administrative Region and Taiwan. | |
Domestic Closing | shall mean (i) either the conditions precedent stipulated in Section 6.1 and Section 6.3 are met or the conditions not met have been exempted by the Transferee or the Transferors, and (ii) the Transferors have appropriately transferred all Domestic Target Shares to the Transferee and the Transferee have paid the Domestic Consideration in full to the Transferors according to the terms and conditions provided in this Agreement. | |
Domestic Share Transfer | shall mean the transfer of the Domestic Target Shares according to this Agreement. | |
Encumbrance | shall mean the mortgage, pledge, lien, right of first refusal, and any other third party rights and interests of any nature. | |
Existing Shareholders | shall mean such Original Shareholders who will continue to hold certain equity interests of the Company upon the completion of the Domestic Share Transfer, namely Johnny, Cao Kai, Kent, Yang Zhiyi, Justin, Long Chunyan and Ben, Meng Shuqi. | |
Financial Statements | shall mean the consolidated financial statements provided by Transferors and/or the Company to the Transferee. | |
Industrial and Commercial Administration | shall mean relevant industrial and commercial administrations in charge of the Companys registration. | |
IPO | shall mean the initial public offering and listing of shares (or any other equity based securities which can be publicly offered and listed, according to the laws and listing rules of the jurisdictions where the IPO is conducted) upon filing with or as approved by any of the following security exchanges: NASDAQ, New York Stock Exchange and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Ltd. |
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Management | shall mean Johnny, Cao Kai, Ben, Meng Shuqi, Justin, Long Chunyan and Kent, Yang Zhiyi. | |
Material Adverse Change | shall mean any event, matter, situation, change, or development that causes or reasonably likely to cause Material Adverse Effect, which shall include the following three situations: (i) as for the Transferee and the Overseas Company of the Transferee, such violation, condition, change, effect or other conditions causes the failure of the Transferee and/or Overseas Company of the Transferee to fulfill its obligations under this Agreement or to carry out the transactions contemplated in this Agreement; (ii) as for the Transferors, Existing Shareholders and the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders, such violation, condition, change, effect or other conditions causes the failure of Transferors, Existing Shareholders or the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders to fulfill their obligations under this Agreement or to consummate the transactions contemplated in this Agreement; or (iii) as for the Company, such violation, condition, change, effect or other conditions, separately or collectively, causes or reasonably likely to cause Material Adverse Effect to the Companys assets, business, financial status, operation or the operational results, taken as a whole. Such Material Adverse Effect under (iii) shall exclude: (A) violation, condition, change, effect or other conditions caused by activities conducted in strict accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, (B) changes in applicable laws and regulations (other than the changes of applicable laws and regulations resulting in the termination of business of the Company as such business becomes illegal according to such laws and regulations), (C) changes in relevant auditing rules or interpretations resulting in material impact on the Company, (D) as determined by an objective person, material effects or changes occurring in the industry or market in which the business of the Company is involved, or (E) changes in the global securities, bond or financial market or the general economic standard or political factors (including international interest rate) . |
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Material Adverse Effect | shall mean any effect materially adverse to the business, assets, prospects, operation (including finance and other aspects) or operational results of a Person, taken as a whole. | |
Overseas Closing | shall mean (i) either the conditions precedent as stipulated in Section 6.2 and Section 6.4 are met or the conditions not met have been exempted by the Transferee or the Existing Shareholders, and (ii) all of the Overseas Target Shares have been appropriately transferred to the Overseas Company of the Transferee. | |
Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders | shall have the meaning defined in Exhibit II. | |
Overseas Share Transfer | shall mean the transfer of the Overseas Target Shares according to the provisions of this Agreement. | |
Person | shall mean natural person, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated enterprise, joint venture, governmental agency, or other institutions or organizations. | |
Adjusted Net Profit | shall mean the sum of net profit after tax under U.S. GAAP of the applicable year plus IPO expenses recognized in the costs or expenses of such applicable year (including but not limited to expenses of engaging intermediaries and underwriters, if applicable) plus the share-based compensation expenses recognized in the costs or expenses of such applicable year. |
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Overseas Company of the Transferee | for the purpose of this Agreement, Overseas Company of the Transferee shall mean Changyou.com Limited or its designated overseas registered Affiliate that becomes the shareholder of the Cayman Company by participating in the Overseas Share Transfer. | |
yuan | shall mean Renminbi Yuan, the lawful currency of the PRC. |
1.2 | Interpretations |
(a) | Unless otherwise provided, all references herein to Articles and Sections, shall be deemed to refer to Articles and Sections of or to this Agreement, as applicable. |
(b) | The words include, includes, and including shall be deemed to be followed by without limitation or but not limited to. |
(c) | References herein to one Party to this Agreement, or any other agreements or documents, shall include the successors or permitted assignees of such Party. |
II. | Domestic Share Transfer Transaction |
2.1 | Domestic Share Transfer |
Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Transferors agree to sell the Domestic Target Shares to the Transferee at the price as provided in Section 2.2, and the Transferee agrees to purchase the said shares.
2.2 | Domestic Consideration |
(a) | The Parties agree that the Transferee shall pay in aggregate 68,258,000 U.S. dollars in cash as consideration for the Domestic Share Transfer to the Transferors (referred to as the Domestic Consideration) and each of the Transferors shall accept its portion in the Domestic Consideration on a pro rata basis (i.e. for each Transferor, based on the proportion of the equity interests to be transferred by it to all Domestic Target Shares): |
Johnny, Cao Kai will receive 13,720, 000 U.S. dollars in total paid by the Transferee.
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Kent, Yang Zhiyi will receive 640,000 U.S. dollars in total paid by the Transferee.
Justin, Long Chunyan will receive 640,000 U.S. dollars in total paid by the Transferee.
Liqing Zeng will receive 16,500,000 U.S. dollars in total paid by the Transferee.
Yuan Wang will receive 12,420,000 U.S. dollars in total paid by the Transferee.
Tao Liu will receive 3,400,000 U.S. dollars in total paid by the Transferee.
Jie Zhang will receive 1,938,000 U.S. dollars in total paid by the Transferee.
Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership will receive 9,000,000 U.S. dollars in total paid by the Transferee.
Shenzhen Capital Group will receive 10,000,000 U.S. dollars in total paid by the Transferee.
The Parties confirm and agree that the aforesaid Domestic Consideration shall be paid in accordance with Section 2.3 of this Agreement by the Transferee in equivalent Renminbi, according to the middle exchange rate of Renminbi against U.S. dollar quoted by the Peoples Bank of China as of the date of each payment. Nevertheless, as for the Domestic Consideration, such exchange rate of Renminbi against U.S. dollar shall not be less than 6:1.
The Parties confirm and agree that the Domestic Consideration has included the consideration for any and all undistributed profits of the Company corresponding to the Domestic Target Shares up to the Domestic Closing Date (as defined in section 1.1. Definitions). The Transferors may not further request the distribution of any profits of the Company in terms of the Domestic Target Shares.
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(b) | The amount of the Domestic Consideration provided in Section 2.2 of this Agreement shall be subject to the related tax laws and regulations of the PRC governing the Transferee as a payer, and the Transferee shall accordingly withhold related individual income tax. |
2.3 | Payment of Domestic Consideration |
The Parties agree that the Domestic Consideration shall be paid in the following way:
(a) | Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, within one business day after the day when all conditions provided in Section 6.1(a) to Section 6.1(m) are satisfied (or not satisfied but exempted in writing by the Transferee) (referred to as the Initial Payment date), the Transferee, after withholding the related individual income taxes, shall in aggregate pay to the accounts designated in writing in advance by each of the Transferors (referred to as the Designated Accounts) 50% of the Domestic Consideration via wire transfer. For the avoidance of any doubt, the Transferors shall perform the obligations under Section 6.1(m) after the conditions provided in Section 6.1(a) to Section 6.1(l) are satisfied (such satisfaction shall be confirmed by the Transferee, which confirmation may not be unreasonably withheld by the Transferee). Within one business day after the conditions provided in Section 6.1(m) are satisfied (the Transferors shall provide the Transferee with proper documentary evidence of such satisfaction), unless the Transferee notifies the Transferors in writing before or on such day that certain conditions are not satisfied or not waived by the Transferee in writing, the conditions provided in Section 6.1(a) to Section 6.1(m) shall be deemed to be satisfied and the Transferee shall pay 50% of Domestic Consideration on the Initial Payment Date. |
(b) | On the Domestic Closing Date, the Transferee, after withholding related individual income taxes, shall pay the remaining 50% of the Domestic Consideration to the Designated Accounts via wire transfer. The Transferee shall provide the Transferors with evidence/invoices of withholding personal income tax issued by the tax bureau of Shenzhen City in a timely manner. For the avoidance of any doubt, on the first business day after the conditions provided in Section 6.1(n) are satisfied (the Transferors shall provide the Transferee with proper documentary evidence of such satisfaction), unless the Transferee notifies the Transferors in writing before or on such day that certain conditions precedent are not satisfied or waived by the Transferee in writing, all the conditions precedent shall be deemed as satisfied and the Transferee shall pay the remaining 50% of Domestic Consideration on the Domestic Closing Date. |
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(c) | To facilitate the smooth payment of the Domestic Consideration, the Transferors undertake that they shall have opened proprietary designated accounts in their own name within China that can lawfully and effectively receive the Domestic Consideration before the Initial Payment Date and have notified the Transferee in writing of the information of such accounts in a sufficient manner. |
(d) | The Parties confirm and agree that the payment of the Domestic Consideration will be automatically postponed to the next business day if the Initial Payment Date or the Domestic Closing Date is not a business day. The Transferee shall be deemed to have performed all the obligations of paying the corresponding parts of the Domestic Consideration under this Agreement to the Transferors in a sufficient and complete manner upon paying the Domestic Consideration to the above-mentioned Designated Accounts. Once the Domestic Closing is duly completed, the Transferors shall be regarded to have fully and completely performed all the obligations of transferring the Domestic Target Shares under this Agreement. |
2.4 | Domestic Closing |
(a) | The Domestic Closing shall be carried out within one business day after all conditions precedent of the Domestic Share Transfer provided in Article 6 of this Agreement are satisfied (excluding the related conditions waived by relevant Party according to Section 6.1 and Section 6.3) or on such other date as otherwise agreed to by the Parties (referred to as the Domestic Closing Date) at such time and place as agreed to by the Parties. |
(b) | If the Domestic Closing is not able to be carried out due to the reason of any Party, such as any Partys failure to perform any of its obligation before the Domestic Closing which results in the non-satisfaction of any conditions precedent for the Domestic Closing that such Party is responsible for, the Parties shall refer to Section 15.2 of this Agreement for resolution. |
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2.5 | Domestic Share Transfer Agreement |
To smoothly carry out the Domestic Share Transfer, the Parties agree to, sign separate share transfer agreement(s) before the Domestic Closing substantially in the form of share transfer agreement attached hereto as Exhibit I, and submit copies of such agreements to relevant governmental authorities for processing and registration of the Domestic Share Transfer. For the avoidance of any doubt, such separate share transfer agreement(s) shall be interpreted and applied together with this Agreement. For anything not provided in such separate share transfer agreements, this Agreement shall apply. The Parties shall sufficiently and properly perform the obligations under such separate domestic share transfer agreement(s). Any violation of such agreement(s) shall be regarded as a violation of this Agreement.
III. | Overseas Share Transfer Transaction |
3.1 | Overseas Share Transfer |
The Parties agree that Existing Shareholders shall, before signing this Agreement or no later than 150 days after the date of this Agreement, have completed the incorporation of a series of overseas holding companies (including but not limited to (a) the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders which are directly held and 100% owned by Existing Shareholders and (b) the Cayman Company which indirectly holds 100% of the equity interest of the WFOE), the creation of overseas structures and the incorporation of the WFOE according to the requirements under section (II)1 - reorganization before Overseas Closing of the reorganization plan attached as Exhibit II to this Agreement.
Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Existing Shareholders agree that such Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders as set out in Exhibit II may transfer the Overseas Target Shares to the Overseas Company of the Transferee at the price as provided in Section 3.2. The Transferee agrees that the Overseas Company of the Transferee will purchase such Overseas Target Shares from Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders.
3.2 | Overseas Consideration |
(a) | The Overseas Company of the Transferee will pay the Overseas Consideration to the Existing Shareholders based on the achievement by the 7Road Group of its Adjusted Net Profits (as audited) targets for the year 2011 and 2012. Exhibit III of this Agreement shows the respective Adjusted Net Profit targets for the year 2011 and 2012, the amount of corresponding Overseas Consideration due and payable, and the specific payment requirements. |
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(b) | The Existing Shareholders and the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders shall be responsible for and pay all the taxes and fees with respect to the Overseas Consideration so received by them under applicable law. |
(c) | The Existing Shareholders undertake to the Transferee that, at any time before the payment of any Overseas Consideration, if the Existing Shareholders or the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders, for the purpose of obtaining the Overseas Consideration, directly or indirectly, maliciously manipulate the performance of 7Road in an unusual manner, the Existing Shareholders shall be obligated to waive and shall cause the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders to waive their right to receive any further payment of any Overseas Consideration, and to waive other relevant rights provided in Article 4 in connection with the Existing Shareholders put option, provided that the conditions set forth in the second paragraph of Section 3.2(c) are met. |
If the Transferee/the Overseas Company of the Transferee believes that the Existing Shareholders/the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders, directly or indirectly, maliciously manipulate the performance of 7Road in an unusual manner with an intention to obtain the Overseas Consideration, which is not known, induced, explicitly or implicitly permitted by the Transferee, the Overseas Company of the Transferee or the board of the Company, then the Transferee/the Overseas Company of the Transferee shall notify Existing Shareholders/the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders in writing in this connection. If Existing Shareholders/the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders object to the facts in such notice, both Parties shall, within 15 days after issuing such notice, negotiate with each other on whether Existing Shareholders/the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders have directly or indirectly and maliciously manipulated the performance of 7Road Group. Notwithstanding that the Existing Shareholders/the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders are entitled to apply for arbitration in the manner as agreed to by the Parties in next paragraph regardless of the outcome of these negotiations, in any case, (i) either the Transferee or the Overseas Company of the Transferee in the meantime has the right to immediately suspend the payment of the due and payable Overseas Consideration according to this Section 3.2(c) (provided that, if the arbitration institution as provided in the next paragraph grants an opposite award, the Transferee/the Overseas Company of the Transferee shall, according to the arbitration award, immediately perform the obligations of paying the remaining Overseas Consideration which is due and payable), and (ii) the Existing Shareholders/the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders shall temporarily cease exercising the rights provided in Article 4 in relation to the Existing Shareholders put option (provided that, (a) if the arbitration institution as provided in the next paragraph eventually grants an opposite arbitration award, the Existing Shareholders/the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders shall regain their rights concerning Existing Shareholders put option provided in Article 4, and in this case, the period from the submission for arbitration to the granting of arbitration award will not be carved out from the period as provided in Section 4.2 during which the rights of put option can be exercised; and (b) if the arbitration award is in favor of the Transferee/Overseas Company of the Transferee, Existing Shareholders or their Overseas Companies will lose their rights concerning Existing Shareholders put option provided in Article 4.)
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In the case that the Existing Shareholders/the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders fail to settle the above-mentioned disputes with the Transferee/the Overseas Company of the Transferee through consultation, the Existing Shareholders/the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders are entitled to submit, without affecting the implementation of the agreed matters in the previous paragraph, such dispute for arbitration according to Section 16.3 of this Agreement. The arbitration institution may have opposite view on the existence of unusual methods or subjective maliciousness with Transferee/the Overseas Company of the Transferee and grant arbitration award accordingly. In the event that the arbitration award is not in favor of the Transferee/the Overseas Company of the Transferee, the arbitration award shall prevail.
Except for the above, the performance of other parts of this Agreement will not be affected during the consultation and arbitration period.
3.3 | Payment of Overseas Consideration |
(a) | Existing Shareholders and the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders shall engage PriceWaterhouseCoopers to conduct annual audits of 7Road Group. Relevant audit expenses shall be assumed by the Transferee or Changyou.com Limited or their Affiliates (not including 7Road Group-) before the IPO of 7Road Group and by 7Road Group after the IPO. |
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(b) | Within 30 days of the issuance of the annual report as audited by PriceWaterhouseCoopers which is engaged by 7Road Group, Existing Shareholders or the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders shall notify the Overseas Company of the Transferee in writing and send a copy of such notice to the Transferee. Such written notification shall include the above mentioned annual report as audited and required information for each account opened by the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders to accept Overseas Consideration. Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, the Overseas Company of the Transferee shall pay the Overseas Consideration to the designated accounts of the Overseas Holding Companies of Existing Shareholders via account transfer within 20 business days after receiving such written notification. |
(c) | Existing Shareholders agree and shall procure the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders to agree that the accounts designated in such written notification as provided in Section 3.3(b) shall be valid and can be used for receiving Overseas Consideration, which may not be unreasonably changed unless a notification in writing is made to the Transferee/the Overseas Company of the Transferee within a reasonable period for any change of the account, if necessary. Overseas Company of the Transferee shall pay all Overseas Consideration to such designated accounts. Once the Overseas Consideration has been fully paid to the designated accounts according to such writing notification, it shall be deemed as fulfillment of the obligations hereunder to pay Overseas Consideration by the Transferee/the Overseas Company of the Transferee. Upon such payment, the allocation of Overseas Consideration among the Existing Shareholders has nothing to do with the Transferee and the Existing Shareholders may not require the Transferee to further pay any related Overseas Consideration. |
(d) | Eligible Overseas Closing shall not be affected by the amount of payable Overseas Consideration. |
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3.4 | Overseas Closing |
(a) | The Overseas Closing shall be carried out within 3 business days after conditions precedent of the Overseas Share Transfer provided in Article 6 of this Agreement are satisfied (excluding the related conditions waived by the relevant Party according to Section 6.2 and Section 6.4) or the date and venue otherwise agreed by the Parties (referred to as Overseas Closing Date). |
(b) | If the Overseas Closing is not able to be carried out due to the reason of any Party, such as any Partys failure to perform any of its obligation before the Overseas Closing which results in the non-satisfaction of any conditions precedent for the Overseas Closing that such Party is responsible for), the Parties shall refer to Section 15.2 of this Agreement for resolution. Subject to Section 3.4(c) and 3.4(d) of this Agreement, if the Parties fail to carry out the Overseas Closing for any reason but the Domestic Closing under this Agreement has already been consummated, the effectiveness of the Domestic Closing will not be affected. |
(c) | Upon the completion of Domestic Closing, despite the failure of the Overseas Closing for any reasons, if the Company reaches the target of Adjusted Net Profit according to Section 3.2(a), the Transferee and Overseas Company of the Transferee agree and undertake to pay to Existing Shareholders or its overseas Affiliates designated by the Existing Shareholders in writing, an amount of consideration as if the Overseas Closing had be carried out. |
(d) | Upon the completion of Domestic Closing, without limiting the provisions in Section 3.4 (c), if Overseas Closing fails to be carried out, all rights of Existing Shareholders under Article 4 remain unaffected. The Transferee and the Overseas Company of the Transferee agree to take reasonable and necessary efforts to cause the Existing Shareholders to substantially obtain and exercise the rights under Article 4. |
3.5 | Overseas Share Transfer Agreement |
To smoothly carry out the Overseas Share Transfer, the Parties agree to sign separate share transfer agreement(s) before Overseas Closing in substantially the form and content of the overseas share transfer agreement as listed in Exhibit IV, for the purpose of handling relevant registration procedures in connection with the transaction of Overseas Share Transfer going forward. For the avoidance of doubt, such separate overseas share transfer agreement(s) shall be interpreted and applied together with this Agreement. For anything not provided in such separate overseas share transfer agreements, this Agreement shall apply. The Parties shall sufficiently and properly perform the obligations under such separate overseas share transfer agreement(s). Any violation of such agreement(s) shall be regarded as a violation of this Agreement.
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IV. | Anti-dilution and Put Option Rights of Existing Shareholders |
4.1 | Anti-dilution |
Before the completion of IPO, the Transferee/the Overseas Company of the Transferee and Existing Shareholders/the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders are entitled to participate in subscription of all equity securities (or any right to purchase such equity securities or any other securities convertible or exchangeable into such equity securities) issued or offered by the Company or the Cayman Company so as to avoid the dilution of their equity interests in the Company or the Cayman Company.
4.2 | Put Option Rights of the Existing Shareholders |
Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, if the Company reaches the 3 year financial growth target for 2011, 2012 and 2013 as specified below, but fails to carry out the IPO of 7Road Group on an overseas stock exchange in the appropriate manner as contemplated in this Agreement, then Existing Shareholders are entitled to require the Transferee and the Overseas Company of the Transferee, within 180 days after the date of the 2013 annual financial report of 7Road Group as audited according to U.S. GAAP issued by PriceWaterhouseCoopers, to acquire all or part of equity interests in the Company held by the Existing Shareholders as well as the corresponding portion of equity interests in Cayman Company held by the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders (collectively referred to as the Transferred Equity ) in the price as set out below.
Transfer price shall mean the average value of the Adjusted Net Profit for the year 2011, 2012 and 2013, multiply by * , multiply by the proportion of Transferred Equity.
The symbol * in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.
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For avoidance of doubt: (A) when exercising such rights of put option, all or any part of equity in the Cayman Company and the Company shall be transferred in same proportion simultaneously; (B) the above mentioned transfer price shall be the complete price of Transferred Equity. The allocation of such price for the Transferred Equity between the equity interests in the Company and in the Cayman Company shall be based on the negotiation between the Existing Shareholders and the Transferee according the most cost-efficient principles, which shall also be complied with by related Affiliates of each Party; (C) proportion of Transferred Equity in the above formula means the proportion of the Transferred Equity of the Cayman Company/the Company in all equity interests of the Cayman Company/the Company; (D) Existing Shareholders are entitled to exercise a maximum of three times of the rights of put option according to this Article 4; (E) After exercising of the rights of put option, the Existing Shareholders shall, as required by the Company or the Cayman Company, continue to retain their positions in the Company or the Cayman Company until December 31 of that year and make all reasonable efforts to facilitate the hand-over of the work to new staff members appointed by the Transferee, and shall comply with the confidentiality and non-competition requirements under the New Shareholders Agreement and the Cayman Company Shareholders Agreement with the Transferee and the Overseas Company of the Transferee.
In addition, for the avoidance of doubt, 3 year financial growth target in this Article 4 shall mean the satisfaction of any one of following conditions:
(a) | The targets for the Adjusted Net Profit for the year 2011 and 2012 as listed in Exhibit III have been reached and the Adjusted Net Profit for the year 2013 reaches * U.S. dollars; or |
(b) | Total Adjusted Net Profits for the year 2011, 2012 and 2013 reaches * U.S. dollars and, compared with the immediately preceding year, no negative growth of Adjusted Net Profit occurs in any year of 2011, 2012 and 2013. |
The symbol * in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.
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V. | Tax, Costs and Expenses |
5.1 | Tax Liability |
Original Shareholders of the Company shall be responsible for any tax (domestic or overseas), late payment fees and fines generated by the Company before the date of this Agreement.
Transferors, Existing Shareholders and Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders (as applicable to the transactions under Section 2, 3 and 4) shall be responsible for the taxes (including but not limited to enterprise income tax, personal income tax and stamp tax) and any related adverse consequences (if any) generated from the consummation of the transactions in Article 2, 3 and 4 which are attributable to them according to applicable law. The Transferors are entitled to receive all tax rebate (if any) in connection with the Domestic Share Transfer and Overseas Share Transfer (only applicable to Existing Shareholders), which is required to be granted to the Transferors according to applicable laws, granted by tax affairs authorities. The Transferee or the Company or Cayman Company is not entitled to such tax rebate.
The Transferee and the Overseas Company of the Transferee shall be responsible for any taxes and related adverse consequences (if any) generated by transactions under Article 2, 3 and 4 of this Agreement and attributable to the Transferee and the Overseas Company of the Transferee.
If the Transferors or its Affiliates participating in the transactions under this Agreement bring economic losses to the Company, the Transferee or their Affiliates participating in the transactions under this Agreement due to the violation of any applicable laws such as failure of proper fulfillment of related tax declaration or taxation payment obligations, the Transferors or such their Affiliates shall indemnify the Company, the Transferee and/or the Affiliates of the Transferee accordingly. As for the tax related indemnification generated from the Domestic Share Transfer, if the Transferors are the liable parties, they shall make the indemnification on a several basis, and for each of them, according to the proportion of the equity interests it has transferred in all Domestic Target Shares; or if the Transferors Affiliates are the liable parties, the Transferors shall ensure such Affiliates to fulfill the above mentioned liability of indemnification and bear such liability with those Affiliates on a joint and several basis. As for the tax related indemnification generated from the Overseas Share Transfer, if the Existing Shareholders are the liable parties, Existing Shareholders shall make the indemnification on a several basis, and for each of them, according to the proportion of the equity interests it has transferred in all Overseas Target Shares; or if the Existing Shareholders Affiliates are liable parties, the Existing Shareholders shall ensure such Affiliates to fulfill the above mentioned liability of indemnification and bear such liability with those Affiliates on a joint and several basis.
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For the avoidance of doubt, the Transferors which are not Existing Shareholders shall be responsible for the tax related liability generated before the Closing of the Domestic Share Transfer which is attributable to the Transferors based on a non-joint and several basis, but shall not be responsible for any tax related liability generated after the Closing of Domestic Share Transfer which is attributable to the Company, the Existing Shareholders or the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders.
The Parties agree that, if any of the above-mentioned causes for the indemnification by Existing Shareholders occurs, and if the Overseas Consideration has not yet paid, the Overseas Company of the Transferee is entitled to suspend the payment of all or part of the Overseas Consideration due and payable which is equal to the amount of indemnification payable by the Existing Shareholders or the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders. In such case, if the suspended Overseas Consideration is not sufficient to cover the indemnification, the Company, the Transferee or the Overseas Company of the Transferee are entitled to continue to require the Existing Shareholders to undertake the remaining indemnification. For the avoidance of doubt:
(1) Within 15 days after the Overseas Company of the Transferee issues the written notification of indemnification to the Existing Shareholders/the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders, a negotiation between the Transferee/the Overseas Company of the Transferee and the Existing Shareholders/the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders needs to be held. In such case, if no consensus can be reached among relevant parties with regard to whether the Existing Shareholders or the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders are liable for the indemnification as provided in this Section 5.1, or with regard to all or any part of the amount of the suspended payment as provided in the previous paragraph: for the agreed part of the amount of the suspended payment and for any part of the amount subject to the dispute which is not over 2 million U.S. dollars, the Overseas Company of the Transferee is entitled to in advance suspend the payment of all such parts from the Overseas Consideration yet paid, (provided however, that if the total amount of payment being suspended exceeds the amount that shall be suspended according to the arbitration award under the arbitration mechanism provided below, the Overseas Company of the Transferee shall immediately pay the excess suspended amount to the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders); for any part of the amount subject to the dispute which is over 2 million U.S. dollars, each Party is entitled to submit it for arbitration according to Section 16.3 of this Agreement. The Overseas Company of the Transferee is entitled to deduct from the payable Overseas Consideration the amount of indemnification which shall be paid by Existing Shareholders or the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders to the Transferee under the relevant arbitration award.
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(2) Overseas Company of the Transferee is only entitled to suspend and deduct the payment from the Overseas Consideration to be paid to each of the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders on a several but not joint basis. In addition, any of such suspension and deduction shall be made, for each Existing Shareholder/Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders, according to the proportion of the equity interests transferred by it in all the Transferred Equities.
Except for the above-mentioned matters as agreed upon, the performance of other parts of this Agreement will not be affected during the said consultation and arbitration period.
If the Transferee or the Overseas Company of the Transferee brings economic losses to the Company, the Transferors or Existing Shareholders or their Affiliates participating in the transactions under this Agreement due to the violation of any applicable laws or any improper fulfillment of related tax declaration or withholding obligations, the Transferee or the Overseas Company of the Transferee shall indemnify the Company, the Transferors, Existing Shareholders or such their Affiliates accordingly. Among others, if the Transferee or its Affiliates are the liable parties, the Transferee shall ensure that the Transferee or such Affiliates shall undertake the above mentioned liability of indemnification on a joint and several basis.
5.2 | Costs and expenses |
The Parties shall respectively assume the costs and expenses paid or to be paid relating to the due diligence, preparation, negotiation and preparation of documents regarding the transactions under Article 2, 3 and 4 of this Agreement, including engaging external lawyers, accountants, other professional consultants, negotiation, preparation and completion of this Agreement and the completion of the transaction according to Article 2, 3 and 4 of this Agreement. For avoidance of any doubt, expenses of engaging financial consultant by the Transferors has nothing to do with the Company, Cayman Company or the Transferee or the Overseas Company of the Transferee, which shall be assumed by the Transferors according to the agreement with financial consultant and, for each Transferor, in the proportion of its transferred equity in the total Transferred Equity. The Company or Cayman Company shall assume the expenses in relation to engaging external lawyers and accountants acting for the Transferors. The Company and Cayman Company also shall collectively assume the expenses in connection with the incorporation or alteration of the Cayman Company and its affiliated Hong Kong company and the WFOE, the engagement of Cayman Island lawyers to issue relevant legal opinion as required hereunder and review the memorandum and articles of association and the shareholders agreement of Cayman Company.
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Each Transferor agrees that expenses to be undertaken respectively by such Transferor for engaging the financial consultant (2% of the consideration for the transfer of equity interests by such Transferor hereunder) shall be deducted by the Transferee from the payment of the corresponding consideration for such Transferor. The Transferee, according to the accounts designated in writing by the Transferors before the Domestic Closing, shall directly pay such deducted amount to the financial consultant of such Transferor, namely, Shanghai Huijia Investment Consultancy Limited Company (a member enterprise of CRP Holdings Limited).
VI. | Conditions Precedent |
6.1 | Conditions for the Transferee to agree on Initial Payment and the Domestic Closing |
The conditions for the Transferee to make the initial payment shall be the satisfaction of the conditions provided in Sections 6.1(a) to 6.1(m) on or before the Initial Payment Date unless otherwise waived by the Transferee in writing. The conditions for the Transferee to agree to the Domestic Closing and perform relevant obligations after the Domestic Closing shall be the satisfaction of the conditions under 6.1 (n) on and before the Domestic Closing Date unless waived in writing by the Transferee.
(a) | All representations and warranties made by the Transferors and the Company in Article 7 and Article 8 of this Agreement are true, correct and without any material omissions in all material aspects, as of the date of this Agreement and the Domestic Closing Date. |
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(b) | The Transferors and the Company have duly fulfilled with all obligations and complied with all undertakings which shall be fulfilled and undertaken before the Domestic Closing provided in this Agreement, including but not limited to all those agreed commitments and obligations before Domestic Closing in Article 10 and Article 11. |
(c) | The shareholders of the Company have passed a resolution to approve the execution and performance of this Agreement as well as the consummation of the transaction of the Domestic Share Transfer hereunder. |
(d) | The shareholders of the Company has adopted the revised articles of association (referred to as the New Articles of Association) in order to complete the Domestic Share Transfer, which shall be in the form as listed in Exhibit V. |
(e) | The Transferee and Existing Shareholders have entered into a Shareholders Agreement (referred to as the New Shareholders Agreement), which is in the same form and contents with that as listed in Exhibit VI. The Transferee and Existing Shareholders agree that, in the case that the Overseas Closing can be realized, the New Shareholders Agreement is merely a transitional agreement before the Overseas Closing. On and after the Overseas Closing, the Cayman Company Shareholders Agreement (as defined in section 1.1. Definitions) shall regulate the rights and obligations of the Existing Shareholders and the Transferee as the shareholders of 7Road Group and corporate governance of the 7road Group. |
(f) | The Transferee/the Overseas Company of the Transferee and Existing Shareholders have agreed on the forms and contents of (i) shareholders agreement of the Cayman Company (referred to as the Shareholders Agreement of Cayman Company), which shall have the terms and conditions substantially equivalent to those set forth in the New Shareholders Agreement (unless otherwise necessary revisions thereto according to the then applicable laws are required) and (ii) the memorandum and articles of association of the Cayman Company (referred to as the Articles of Association of Cayman Company). |
(g) | Existing Shareholders and the Transferee have agreed on the form and contents of the labor contract for the Management which shall be in the form as listed in Exhibit VIII, and the Company and Management have entered into such Labor Contracts (referred to as the Labor Contracts). |
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(h) | No Chinese governmental authorities or regulatory bodies have released or implemented any laws and regulations, orders and notices prohibiting the Domestic Share Transfer. No pending litigation, arbitration, dispute, investigation or any other pending legal proceedings or matters which prevent or cause Material Adverse Changes to the Domestic Share Transfer or cause the invalidity or unenforceability of this Agreement. |
(i) | No Material Adverse Change, bankruptcy, insolvency or failure to pay any debts due and payable have happened to the Company. |
(j) | Existing Shareholders, the Company and the Transferee have agreed on the forms and contents of a series of agreements proposed to be executed after the Domestic Closing relating to the controlling power and the rights of governance and operation of the Company, for the purposes of the transfer of the controlling power and rights on the Company and of the IPO (referred to as the VIE Agreements). |
(k) | King & Wood, as the PRC legal adviser of the Transferors, has issued a legal opinion with the contents substantially consistent with Exhibit VII. |
(l) | Ben, Meng Shuqi, an Original Shareholder, have waived his right of first refusal and co-sale and any other rights on the Domestic Target Shares that may limit the Domestic Share Transfer according to laws and regulations and the current articles of association of the Company. |
(m) | The Transferors and the Company have submitted all necessary application documents on Domestic Share Transfer and filing of change of shareholders and the amendment of articles of association of the Company to the competent industrial and commercial administration authority. |
(n) | The competent industrial and commercial administration authority has approved the applications and filings relating to the Domestic Share Transfer Transaction under this Agreement, change of shareholders and amendment to the articles of association of the Company and have issued related written notification, hence the alternation registrations and filings relating to Domestic Share Transfer have been completed. |
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6.2 | Conditions for the Transferee to agree on Overseas Closing |
The conditions for the Transferee to agree on Overseas Closing and undertake that the Transferee and the Overseas Company of the Transferee will perform the obligations after Overseas Closing provided herein shall be that, on and before the Overseas Closing Date (unless it is agreed that some conditions must be satisfied only on the Overseas Closing Date) the conditions as provided from Sections 6.2 (a) to 6.2 (k) are satisfied (unless otherwise waived by the Transferee in writing).
(a) | All representations and warranties made by Existing Shareholders and the Company in Article 7 and Article 8 of this Agreement are true, correct and without material omissions in all material aspects as of the date of this Agreement and the Overseas Closing Date. |
(b) | Existing Shareholders have properly fulfilled and complied with, and have caused their overseas companies and affiliates relating to Overseas Share Transfer to properly fulfill and comply with, all obligations and undertakings which shall be fulfilled and complied with before completion of Overseas Share Transfer, including but not limited to all agreed commitments and obligations before Overseas Closing set out in Article 10 and Article 11. |
(c) | Cayman Company has been duly incorporated by the Existing Shareholders for the purpose of overseas listing and is validly existing. |
(d) | Cayman Company and the Overseas Holding Companies Existing Shareholders have, according to applicable laws and related organizational documents, properly obtained necessary internal approvals and governmental approvals (if applicable) for the execution of Overseas Share Transfer Agreement and the consummation of Overseas Share Transfer. |
(e) | No governmental authorities or regulatory bodies of the PRC or any other jurisdictions have released or implemented any laws and regulations, orders and notices prohibiting the Overseas Share Transfer. No pending litigation, arbitration, dispute, investigation or any other pending legal proceedings or matters which prevent or cause Material Adverse Changes to the Overseas Share Transfer or cause the invalidity or unenforceability of this Agreement. |
(f) | No Material Adverse Change, bankruptcy, insolvency or failure to pay any debts due and payable happen to the Company. |
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(g) | Existing Shareholders and their related Affiliates have gone through filing and registration procedures for the creation of Red-chip Structure and the incorporation of related overseas companies (including but not limited to Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders and the Cayman Company) according to Chinese laws and regulations, including but not limited to the registration regarding overseas investments of the individuals who are PRC residents. |
(h) | Related Parties to VIE Agreements have properly signed the VIE Agreements on the Overseas Closing Date. For the avoidance of doubt, signing of the VIE Agreements and the realization of Overseas Closing condition each other. Subject to Sections 3.4(c) and 3.4(d) of this Agreements, if the Overseas Closing fails to be carried out for any reason, relevant parties shall not sign the VIE Agreements. |
(i) | Cayman Company/HK Company/the WFOE have signed Labor Contracts with the Management in the form as listed in Exhibit VIII. |
(j) | Overseas Company of the Transferee has signed the Shareholders Agreement of the Cayman Company and the Articles of Associations of the Cayman Company with Existing Shareholders and the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders in the forms as agreed upon under Section 6.1(f). |
(k) | Cayman Island counsel to 7Road Group has issued a legal opinion relating to the Cayman Company to the satisfactory of relevant Parties participating in the Overseas Share Transfer. |
6.3 | Conditions for the Transferors to agree on Domestic Closing |
Conditions for the Transferors to transfer Domestic Target Shares to the Transferee shall be that, the conditions set forth from Sections 6.3 (a) to 6.3 (j) are satisfied on and before the Domestic Closing Date (unless otherwise waived by the Transferors in writing).
(a) | No Chinese governmental authorities or regulatory bodies have released, formulated or implemented laws and regulations, orders and notices prohibiting the Transferee to consummate the Domestic Share Transfer. No pending litigation, arbitration, dispute, investigation or any other pending legal proceedings or matters relating to the Transferee which prevent or cause Material Adverse Changes to the Domestic Share Transfer or cause the invalidity or unenforceability of this Agreement. |
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(b) | All representations and warranties made by the Transferee in Article 9 of this Agreement are true, correct and without material omissions in all material aspects as of the date of this Agreement and the Domestic Closing Date. |
(c) | The Transferee have properly fulfilled and complied with all commitments and obligations that shall be fulfilled and complied with before Domestic Closing. |
(d) | Competent industrial and commercial administration has approved the applications and filings relating to the Domestic Share Transfer under this Agreement, change of shareholders and amendment to the articles of association of the Company and have issued related written notification, hence the alternation registrations and filings relating to the Domestic Share Transfer have been completed |
(e) | Existing Shareholders, the Company and the Transferee have reached a consensus on forms and contents of the VIE Agreements to be signed after Domestic Closing. |
(f) | The Transferee and Existing Shareholders have entered into the New Shareholders Agreement in the same form and contents of Exhibit VI. The Transferee and Existing Shareholders agree that, in the case that the Overseas Closing can be realized, the New Shareholders Agreement is merely a transitional agreement before the Overseas Closing. On and after Overseas Closing, the Cayman Company Shareholders Agreement (as defined in section 1.1. Definitions) shall regulate the rights and obligations of the Existing Shareholders and the Transferee as the shareholders of 7Road Group and corporate governance of the 7Road Group |
(g) | The Transferee/the Overseas Company of the Transferee and Existing Shareholders have agreed on the forms and contents of the Shareholders Agreement of the Cayman Company and the Articles of Association of the Cayman Company, which shall have the terms and conditions that are substantially equivalent to those set forth in the New Shareholders Agreement (unless otherwise revised according to the requirements of the then applicable laws). |
(h) | Existing Shareholders and the Transferee have agreed on the forms and contents of Labor Contracts with the members of the Management team of the Company, substantially in the form of Exhibit VIII, and the Company and each member of the Management team shall have signed such a Labor Contract. |
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(i) | No Material Adverse Change, bankruptcy, insolvency or failure to pay any debts due and payable happen to the Transferee. |
(j) | The Transferee has obtained official corporate authorization for the execution and performance of this Agreement and all necessary related corporate actions. |
6.4 | Conditions for Existing Shareholders to agree on Overseas Closing |
Conditions for Existing Shareholders to agree on Overseas Closing and undertake to transfer Overseas Target Shares to the Overseas Company of the Transferee shall be that, the conditions as set out from Sections 6.4(a) to Section 6.4(h) are satisfied on and before Overseas Closing Date (unless otherwise waived by the Existing Shareholders in writing).
(a) | No governmental authorities or regulatory bodies of the PRC or any other jurisdiction have released or implemented any laws and regulations, orders and notices prohibiting the Overseas Company of the Transferee to consummate the Overseas Share Transfer. No pending litigation, arbitration, dispute, investigation or any other pending legal proceedings or matters which prevent or cause Material Adverse Changes to the Overseas Share Transfer or cause the invalidity or unenforceability of this Agreement. |
(b) | All representations and warranties made by the Transferee and the Overseas Company of the Transferee in Article 9 of this Agreement are true, correct and without material omissions in all material aspects, as of the date of this Agreement and the Overseas Closing Date. |
(c) | The Transferee and the Overseas Company of the Transferee have properly fulfilled and complied with all commitments and obligations that shall be fulfilled and complied with before completion of Overseas Share Transfer. |
(d) | Related Parties to the VIE Agreements have properly signed the VIE Agreements on the Overseas Closing Date. For the avoidance of doubt, signing of VIE Agreements and the realization of Overseas Closing condition each other. Subject to Sections 3.4(c) and 3.4(d) of this Agreement, if the Overseas Closing fails to be carried out for any reason, relevant parties shall not sign the VIE Agreements. |
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(e) | No Material Adverse Change, bankruptcy, insolvency or failure to pay any debts due and payable happen to the Transferee and the Overseas Company of the Transferee. |
(f) | Overseas Company of the Transferee has signed the Shareholders Agreement of the Cayman Company and the Articles of Associations of the Cayman Company with Existing Shareholders and the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders in the forms as agreed upon under Section 6.1(f). |
(g) | Cayman Company/HK Company/the WFOE have signed a Labor Contract with each of the Management team in the form of Exhibit VIII. |
(h) | The Transferee and the Overseas Company of the Transferee have obtained the official corporate authorization for the execution and performance of this Agreement and any corporate actions concerning Overseas Share Transfer Transaction. |
VII. | Representations and Warranties of the Transferors/Existing Shareholders |
The Transferors and Existing Shareholders (with respect to the transactions under Article 2 and Article 3, as the case may be) represent and warrant to the Transferee that, as of the signing date of this Agreement, the Domestic Closing Date and/or the Overseas Closing Date (with respect to the transactions under Article 2 and Article 3, as the case may be):
7.1 | Qualifications, powers and rights |
(a) | If any of the Transferors is a company |
(i) | Such Transferor is a legal person incorporated and effectively existing under the Laws of the Peoples Republic of China. |
(ii) | Such Transferors has complete, exclusive, legitimate and effective rights and ownership of its equity interests in the Company, free from any Encumbrance. |
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(b) | If any of the Transferors is a partnership enterprise |
(i) | Such Transferors is a partnership enterprise incorporated and effectively existing under the Laws of the Peoples Republic of China. |
(ii) | Such Transferors has complete, exclusive, legitimate and effective rights and ownership of its equity interests in the Company free from any Encumbrance. |
(c) | If any of the Transferors is a natural person, including each of the Existing Shareholders |
(i) | he/she is a PRC citizen with legitimate rights and capability to sign this Agreement and undertake obligations according to this Agreement. |
(ii) | he/she has complete, exclusive, legitimate and effective rights and ownership of his/her equity interests in the Company from any Encumbrance. |
7.2 | Authorization, validity of this Agreement |
(a) | If any of the Transferors is a company or a partnership |
(i) | Competent authorization organ of such Transferor has officially held any or all necessary meetings and approved the execution and performance of this Agreement and related corporate actions and the consummation of the transactions under this Agreement. |
(ii) | The Transferor has complete rights and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and consummate the transactions under this Agreement. This Agreement has effective binding force on the Transferor once signed and delivered by the Transferor. |
(iii) | The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the Transferor and the consummation of the transactions hereunder or complying with the provisions of this Agreement will not (A) conflict with, or cause violation to, the effective articles of association or similar organizational documents of such Transferor or the Company; (B) cause violation to agreement clauses, conditions or stipulations to which the Transferor is a Party; (C) violate approval documents, orders, laws, regulations or rules applicable to the Transferor, the Company or its properties. Except where, in respect of the above (B) and (C), such violations and defaults will not cause Material Adverse Effect to the Transferor. |
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(b) | If any of the Transferors is a natural person, including each of the Existing Shareholders |
(i) | This Agreement has lawful, effective binding force on such Transferor once executed by such Transferor. |
(ii) | The execution and performance of this Agreement by the Transferor will not violate or conflict with any applicable law, agreement to which the Transferor is a Party or having binding force on the property of the Transferor, or any judgment, award, or decision by regulatory authorities, except for those violations and defaults which, individually or in the aggregate, will not cause Material Adverse Effect to the Transferor. |
The representations and warranties below from Section 7.3 to Section 7.13 are separately made to the Transferee by the Transferors as to Domestic Share Transfer and by the Existing Shareholders as to the Overseas Share Transfer:
7.3 | Business and operation of the Company |
(a) | To the knowledge of the Transferors/the Existing Shareholders as prudent shareholders of the Company, (i) the Company does not violate its articles of association and other corporate organizational documents or any applicable PRC laws and regulations except for those violations or defaults, which, individually or in the aggregate, will not cause or, as reasonably estimated by the Transferors or Existing Shareholders, will not cause Material Adverse Effect on the Company; (ii) no necessary government licenses, approvals, authorizations or permissions ( collectively referred to as the Governmental Approvals) have not been obtained in connection with the operation of business of the Company and each of the Governmental Approvals is completely effective; and (iii) there are no pending or threatened legal proceedings, to the knowledge of the Transferors, that may cause any revocation, cancellation, suspension or substantive material revision to the Governmental Approvals. |
(b) | To the knowledge of the Transferors/the Existing Shareholders as prudent shareholders of the Company, all the joint operation agreements on the web-game research, development and operation between the Company and domestic web-game operation websites and the licensed operation agreements or joint operation agreements between the Company and overseas game operators have been properly and effectively executed. |
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(c) | To the knowledge of the Transferors/the Existing Shareholders as prudent shareholders of the Company, the Company does not have the intentions of investing abroad, co-investing or cooperating with any third parties, merging, acquiring, dividing or jointly operating with others, nor signing any related documents or rights; there is no any third party rights which substantially and materially affect on and restrict the transactions contemplated in this Agreement. |
7.4 | Compliance |
(a) | To the knowledge of the Transferors/the Existing Shareholders as prudent shareholders of the Company, the Company and its Management have never committed criminal offense, abused activity or conducted any other behaviors violating any laws and regulations or obligations where such behaviors relate to and have material effect on the Company or its business. |
(b) | To the knowledge of the Transferors/the Existing Shareholders as prudent shareholders of the Company, there is no failure of satisfying any requirements of governmental authorities or dispute with any governmental authorities where such failure or dispute will cause Material Adverse Effect on the Company or its assets. |
7.5 | Assets of the Company |
(a) | To the knowledge of the Transferors/the Existing Shareholders as prudent shareholders of the Company, assets of the Company are free from occupation of any governmental authorities or any plan for occupying or collecting all or part of such assets. Construction and position of any assets of the Company and the ownership or use of such assets have not violated any laws and regulations or other requirements with legal effect where such violations may cause Material Adverse Effect to the Company. To the knowledge of the Transferors/the Existing Shareholders as prudent shareholders of the Company, such assets owned or used by the Company have been properly maintained and can be used for the purpose for which such assets were designed, obtained and used, and are in good conditions as of this Agreement. |
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(b) | To the knowledge of the Transferors/the Existing Shareholders as prudent shareholders of the Company, as to the real estate and related movable property (collectively referred to as the Properties) used in the ordinary course of business, the Company has complete and transferable ownership or legitimate and effective lease, free from any rights and interests of any third Parties. To the knowledge of the Transferors/the Existing Shareholders as prudent shareholders of the Company, there are no pending or threatened legal proceedings relates to the Properties such as confiscation, forced transfer, freezing or other similar procedures, except for those that would not be reasonably considered as causing Material Adverse Effect on the Company. |
7.6 | Information disclosure |
(a) | The Transferors/the Existing Shareholders and the Company have provided information and documents required for conducting the transactions under this Agreement to the Transferee and its consultants per the Transferees request. Information and materials relating to due diligence in connection with the transaction hereunder or the negotiation of this Agreement provided to the Transferee by the Transferors/Existing Shareholders do not contain any untrue statements of material facts and do not omit any statement of material facts. |
(b) | The Transferors/Existing Shareholders and the Company have provided true and complete copies of contracts, agreements and other legal documents (collectively referred to as the Material Contracts ), which have a material effect on the current business and management of the Company, to the Transferee. To the knowledge of the Transferors/the Existing Shareholders as prudent shareholders of the Company, the Company has not violated any of such Material Contracts and there are no situations or events which could cause the Company to violate such Material Contracts, except for the violations reasonably considered as not causing Material Adverse Effect on the Company. |
7.7 | Financial materials |
Financial Statements of the Company are prepared according to applicable PRC accounting principles, fairly reflecting the financial status, operation performance and cash flow of the Company, which are accurate in all material aspects. Apart from the debts disclosed in the Financial Statements, the Company has no other debts, including but not limited to: (i) any security for loan of others or similar obligations or responsibilities, and (ii) any financing services to third Parties, such as any agreement to provide loans or to assist any third Party in obtaining loans.
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7.8 | Labor |
To the knowledge of the Transferors/the Existing Shareholders as prudent shareholders of the Company, the Company has not violated any current effective PRC laws and regulations on social insurance and housing reserve fund, including the requirements on payments of social insurance and housing reserve fund for employees; there is neither employment litigation nor arbitration that may cause Material Adverse Effect on business of the Company, and nor pending or threatened strikes and disputes with labor unions or other labor organizations.
7.9 | Equity incentive plan for employees |
To the knowledge of the Transferors/the Existing Shareholders as prudent shareholders of the Company, the Company does not have any equity incentive plan binding the Company or affecting the future equity structure of the Company except for the equity incentive plan as provided in Section 10.3 (d) of this Agreement.
7.10 | Tax |
To the knowledge of the Transferors/the Existing Shareholders as prudent shareholders of the Company, there are no pending or threatened investigations or other similar tax related proceedings causing Material Adverse Effect on the Company, nor any violations of laws and regulations on tax by the Company.
7.11 | Litigation |
To the knowledge of the Transferors/the Existing Shareholders as cautious shareholders of the Company, there are no legal proceedings, arbitration, disputes or other legal procedures which is causing or will cause significant losses to the Company or serious disturbances to the current business or operations.
7.12 | Consents |
As to the consummation of the transactions under this Agreement, no consent from any third party granted to the Existing Shareholders/Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders is necessary to be obtained, including the consents under any loan contract, guarantee contract and other material contracts.
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To the knowledge of the Transferors/the Existing Shareholders as prudent shareholders of the Company, as to the consummation of the transactions under this Agreement, no consent from any third party granted to the Company is necessary to be obtained, including the consents under any loan contract, guarantee contract and other material contracts.
7.13 | Related party transactions |
To the knowledge of the Transferors/the Existing Shareholders as prudent shareholders of the Company, (i) terms and conditions in each related party transaction of the Company are not less favorable to the Company than those with independent third parties in similar transactions; (ii) the Company does not, directly or indirectly, owe any debt to its shareholders or their Affiliates; and (iii) shareholders of the Company or their Affiliates do not owe any debt to the Company.
VIII. | Representations and Warranties of the Company |
The Company represents and warrants to the Transferee that, on the signing date of this Agreement , the Domestic Closing Date and the Overseas Closing Date:
8.1 | Qualifications, powers and rights |
(a) | The Company is incorporated and validly existing under the Laws of the Peoples Republic of China with a legal person status. |
(b) | Equity interests in the Company are free from any Encumbrances. |
8.2 | Authorization, validity of this Agreement |
The Company has complete rights and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and consummate the transactions under this Agreement. This Agreement has effective binding force on the Company once executed and delivered by the Company, and can be enforced according to the provisions of this Agreement, unless otherwise provided by applicable laws.
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8.3 | No violations of laws and no defaults |
Execution, delivery, and the performance of this Agreement by the Company and its consummation of the transactions hereunder or complying with the provisions of this Agreement will not (i) conflict with or cause violation to current effective articles of association or similar organizational documents of the Company; (ii) cause any violation of agreements to which the Company is a Party; (iii) violate any approval documents, orders, laws, regulations or rules applicable to the Company or its properties. Except where, in respect of the (ii) and (iii) above, such violations and defaults, individually or in aggregate will not cause Material Adverse Effect.
8.4 | Compliance |
(a) | The Company and its Management have never committed criminal offense, abused activity or conducted any other behaviors violating any laws and regulations or obligations where such behaviors relate to and have material effect on the Company or its business. |
(b) | Assets of the Company are free from occupation of any governmental authorities or any plan for occupying or collecting all or part of such assets. Construction and position of any assets of the Company and the ownership or use of such assets have not violated any laws and regulations or other requirements with legal effect where such violations may cause Material Adverse Effect to the Company. Such assets owned or used by the Company have been properly maintained and can be used for the purpose for which such assets were designed, obtained and used, and are in good conditions as of this Agreement. |
(c) | There is no failure of satisfying any requirements of governmental authorities or disputes with any governmental authorities where such failure or disputes will cause Material Adverse Effect on the Company or its assets. |
8.5 | Business and operation of the Company |
(a) | the Company has not violated its articles of association and other corporate organizational documents or any applicable PRC laws and regulations except for those violations or defaults, individually or in the aggregate, which have not caused or, as reasonably estimated by the Transferors or Existing Shareholders, will not cause Material Adverse Effect on the Company; the Company has obtained all the Governmental Approvals in connection with the operation of business of the Company and each of the Governmental Approvals is completely effective; there are no pending or, to the knowledge of the Transferors, threatened legal proceedings that may cause any revocation, cancellation, suspension or substantive material revision to the Governmental Approvals. |
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(b) | all the joint operation agreements on the web-game research, development and operation between the Company and domestic web-game operation websites and the licensed operation agreements or joint operation agreements between the Company and overseas game operators have been properly and validly executed. |
(c) | the Company does not have the intention of investing abroad, co-investing or cooperating with any third parties, merging, acquiring, dividing or jointly operating with others, nor signing any related documents or rights; there is not any third party right which would substantially and materially affect on and restrict the transactions contemplated in this Agreement. |
8.6 | Information disclosure |
(a) | The Company has provided information and documents required for conducting the transactions under this Agreement to the Transferee and its consultants per the Transferees request. Information and materials relating to due diligence in connection with the transaction hereunder or the negotiation of this Agreement provided to the Transferee by the Company do not contain any untrue statements of material facts and do not omit any statement of material facts. |
(b) | The Company has provided true and complete copies of all the Material Contracts to the Transferee. The Company has not violated any of such Material Contracts and there are no situations or events which could cause the Company to violate such Material Contracts, except for the violations reasonably considered as not having any Material Adverse Effect on the Company. |
8.7 | Financial materials |
Financial Statements of the Company are prepared according to applicable PRC accounting principles, fairly reflecting the financial status, operation performance and cash flow of the Company, which are accurate in all material aspects.
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Apart from the debts disclosed in the Financial Statements, the Company has no other debts, including but not limited to: (i) any security for loan of others or similar obligations or responsibilities, and (ii) any financing services to third parties, such as providing loans or reaching an agreement to assist the third parties in obtaining loans.
8.8 | Property rights |
The Company has complete and transferable ownership or legitimate and effective lease to the Properties, free from any Encumbrances of any third party. There are no restrictions on the Properties generated from any third party rights, nor any pending or threatened legal proceedings relates to the Properties such as confiscation, forced transfer, freezing or other similar procedures, except for those that would not be reasonably considered as having any Material Adverse Effect on the Company.
8.9 | Labor |
The Company has not violated any current effective PRC laws and regulations on social insurance and housing reserve fund, including the requirements on payments of social insurance and housing reserve fund for employees; there is neither employment litigation nor arbitration that may cause Material Adverse Effect on business of the Company, nor any pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened strikes and disputes with labor unions or other labor organizations.
8.10 | Equity incentive plan for employees |
The Company does not have any equity incentive plan binding the Company or affecting the future equity structure of the Company, except for the equity incentive plan as already provided in Section 10.3 (d) of this Agreement.
8.11 | Related party transactions |
To the knowledge of the Company, (i) terms and conditions in each related party transaction of the Company are not less favorable to the Company than those with independent third parties in similar transactions; (ii) the Company does not, directly or indirectly, owe any debt to its shareholders or their Affiliates; and (iii) the shareholders of the Company or their Affiliates do not owe any debt to the Company.
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8.12 | Tax |
The Company has (i) submitted all tax returns and related supporting documents in a timely manner and all statements in such tax returns are true, accurate and complete according to applicable PRC tax laws and regulations; and (ii) paid all required taxes according to applicable PRC tax laws and regulations or withheld all required taxes relating to the payment to employees or third parties, except for those matters under disputes in good faith or not be reasonably considered as having any Material Adverse Effect on the Company. There is no pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened investigations or other similar proceedings concerning tax matters which could have any Material Adverse Effect on the Company.
8.13 | Intellectual property rights |
The Company lawfully owns its core intellectual property rights relating to its business and operations, including the confidential and/or proprietary information, business secrets, trademarks, software copyrights related to its web-game business. As for other significant intellectual property relating to its web-game business, the Company owns or has the legal license or other legal rights to use such intellectual properties.
8.14 | Litigation. |
To the knowledge of the Company, there are no legal proceedings, arbitration, disputes or other legal procedures which have caused or will cause significant losses to the Company or serious disturbances to its current business or operations.
8.15 | Consents |
As to the consummation of the transactions under this Agreement, no consent from any third party granted to the Company is necessary to be obtained, including the consents under any loan contract, guarantee contract and other material contracts.
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IX. | Representations and Warranties of the Transferee and its Overseas Company |
The Transferee and its Overseas Company represent and warrant to the Transferors and the Company as of the signing date of this Agreement, the Domestic Closing Date and the Overseas Closing Date:
9.1 | Qualifications |
The Transferee is incorporated and validly existing under PRC laws with a legal person status. The Transferee is a domestically funded company according to the PRC laws (not a domestic enterprise invested by foreign invested company or its subsidiary (of any level) formed through direct investment of equity), and the status of any of its shareholders (direct or indirect shareholders) or any beneficial owner of the Company (including any ultimate beneficial owner who is a natural person) will not cause the Transferee to be treated as a foreign invested company according to PRC laws.
The Overseas Company of the Transferee is incorporated and validly existing under the laws of Cayman Island. The Overseas Company of the Transferee shall be recognized as a foreign legal person according to PRC laws, and the status of any of its shareholders (direct or indirect shareholders) or any beneficial owner of the Company (including any ultimate beneficial owner who is a natural person) will not cause the Overseas Company of the Transferee to be treated as a domestically funded enterprise according to PRC laws.
9.2 | Authorization, validity of this Agreement |
The Transferee and the Overseas Companies of the Transferee have complete rights and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and consummate the transactions under this Agreement.
This Agreement constitutes legitimate, valid and binding obligations for the Transferee and the Overseas Company of the Transferee.
9.3 | Authorizations |
Competent authorization organs have held relevant meetings and approved the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and related corporate actions and the transactions under this Agreement.
9.4 | No violations of laws and no defaults |
The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions hereunder or complying with the provisions of this Agreement will not (i) conflict with or cause violation to effective articles of association or similar organizational documents of the Transferee or the Overseas Company of the Transferee; (ii) cause violation to agreement clauses, conditions or stipulations to which the Transferee or the Overseas Company of the Transferee is a Party; (iii) violate approval documents, orders, laws, regulations or rules applicable to the Transferee or the Overseas Company of the Transferee or their respective properties, except where, in respect of the above (ii) and (iii), such violations and defaults will not, individually or in aggregate cause any Material Adverse Effect on the Transferee or the Overseas Company of the Transferee.
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9.5 | Sufficiency of capital and capability |
(a) | The Transferee has sufficient capital and competent capability to pay Domestic Consideration under this Agreement to the Transferors. |
(b) | The Transferee and the Overseas Company of the Transferee have sufficient capital and competent capability to pay Overseas Consideration under this Agreement. |
9.6 | Litigation |
There are no pending legal proceedings, arbitration, disputes, or other legal procedures that may cause significant losses or serious disturbances to the current business or operation of the Transferee or the Overseas Company of the Transferee.
9.7 | Consents |
As to the consummation of the transactions under this Agreement, no consent from any third party granted to the Transferee or the Overseas Company of the Transferee is necessary to be obtained, including the consents under any loan contract, guarantee contract and other material contracts.
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X. | Covenants of the Transferors/Existing Shareholders |
10.1 | Pre-Domestic Closing Covenants |
(a) | To make reasonable efforts to satisfy the conditions precedent to the Domestic Share Transfer provided in Article 6, including but not limited to (i) taking necessary measures to ensure the execution and delivery of the documents to which it is a party and the execution and delivery of which is a condition precedent to the Domestic Share Transfer; (ii) affirmatively voting for the Domestic Share Transfer during the shareholder meeting of the Company and procuring other shareholders to agree to and vote for the Domestic Share Transfer; (iii) irrevocably agreeing and undertaking that any previous agreements relating to the identity, rights and obligations of shareholders by and among the Original Shareholders and the Company, including but not limited to the investment contract entered into by and between Shenzhen Capital Group Co., Ltd, Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership and the Company on January 14, 2010, shall be automatically terminated on the Domestic Closing Date; and that the Transferors/Existing Shareholders shall procure the New Shareholders Agreement under this Agreement to be properly executed by relevant parties; (iv) making reasonable and necessary efforts to help the Company to complete the registration and filing procedures in connection with the alternations generated from the Domestic Share Transfer transaction with relevant industrial and commercial administration; (v) making every efforts to reach a consensus with the Transferee and the Company on the forms and contents of VIE Agreements, which are to be signed after the Domestic Closing, to memorialize the understanding of the parties with respect to the transfer of the controlling power and other rights of the Company and the IPO; and (vi) in the case of the Existing Shareholders, making every reasonable efforts to reach a consensus with the Transferee or the Overseas Company of the Transferee on the forms and contents of Shareholders Agreement of Cayman Company and Articles of Association of Cayman Company which include the terms and conditions that are substantially equivalent to those of the New Shareholders Agreement (unless then applicable laws require necessary revisions to certain relevant contents). |
(b) | To make reasonable efforts to (i) cause the Company to continue its business in the same manner as that on or before the date of this Agreement so as to avoid changes detrimental to the operation and financial status of the Company; (ii) allow, or cause to allow, the Transferee and its consultants, upon their written request, to examine the books and records of the Company within reasonable scope, including records, summaries, agreements, licenses and tax related documents; and (iii) cause the Company to comply with applicable laws in all material aspects and to maintain its normal business and business relations with clients, cooperators, creditors and employees. |
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(c) | To make reasonable efforts to cause the Company to obtain permission from the Transferee (such permission may not be unreasonably rejected or withheld) before carrying out the following matters, unless the Company conducts any such matter in order to make this Agreement effective, satisfy the need of the this Agreement or conduct any such matter in an ordinary course of business: (i) signing any agreement or making any commitment with a value of over RMB 1 million yuan; (ii) signing, revising, terminating any contract/commitment relating to daily business operations with a value of over RMB 1 million yuan, or borrowing money of over RMB 1 million yuan relating to daily business operations, or assuming any other debt of over RMB 1 million yuan; (iii) revising organizational documents and accounting policies of the Company (with the exception of any revisions, stipulations, and regulations required by law); (iv) creating any security interest to secure the performance of any obligations of a third Party, or signing any guarantee, compensation or other agreements to create such security interest in the assets or business of the Company; (v) increasing or decreasing the registered capital of the Company, or commencing any reorganization, bankruptcy or any procedures to terminate the business of the Company; (vi) canceling, exempting, relieving or terminating its claims against any person, or concerning any pending litigation, arbitration and dispute in which the dispute amount is over RMB one million yuan, and commencing any settlement procedure thereof; (vii) selling, leasing, licensing, transferring or disposing any material assets or substantively changing the main business of the Company; or (viii) declaring or distributing any dividends or other distributions. |
(d) | To make reasonable efforts to cause the Company to make all payment into the required housing reserve fund for the benefit of employees of the Company according to the Shenzhen Provisional Methods for the Management of Housing Reserve Fund. |
(e) | To deliver all documents to the Transferee in a timely manner as required to be delivered on and before Domestic Closing Date under this Agreement. |
10.2 | Pre-Overseas Closing Covenants |
Existing Shareholders hereby make the following covenants to the Transferee that the Existing Shareholders will:
(a) | Ensure the creation of the Red-chip Structure and the due incorporation and legal existence of relevant overseas holding companies. |
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(b) | Make reasonable efforts to fulfill the conditions precedent to the Overseas Share Transfer provided in Article 6, including but not limited to (i) taking necessary measures to ensure that all the documents to which they and their Affiliates are parties (including but not limited to the VIE Agreements) and the execution and delivery of which is a condition precedent to the Overseas Share Transfer, have been duly signed and delivered; (ii) procuring the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders and the Cayman Company to obtain all necessary internal and governmental approvals for the Overseas Share Transfer; (iii) making every reasonable and necessary efforts to completing the registration and filing procedures for the ownership transfer of Overseas Target Shares; and (iv) taking necessary actions to ensure the execution and delivery of the Shareholders Agreement of the Cayman Company and the Articles of Association of Cayman Company, substantially in the same forms and contents as those of the New Shareholders Agreement (unless then applicable laws require necessary revision of the related contents). |
(c) | Make reasonable efforts (i) to cause the Company to continue its business as it has been conducting as of the signing day to avoid any changes detrimental to the operations and financial status of the Company; and (ii) to cause the Company to comply with applicable laws in all important respects and to maintain its normal business and business relationships with its clients, partners, creditors and employees. |
(d) | Make reasonable efforts to cause the Company to obtain permission from the Transferee (such permission may not be unreasonably rejected or withheld) before carrying out the following matters, unless the Company conducts any such matter in order to make this Agreement effective, satisfy the need of the this Agreement or conduct any such matter in an ordinary course of business: (i) signing any agreement or making any commitment with a value of over RMB 1 million yuan; (ii) signing, revising, terminating any contract/commitment relating to daily business operations with a value of over RMB 1 million yuan, or borrowing money of over RMB 1 million yuan relating to daily business operations, or assuming any other debt of over RMB 1 million yuan; (iii) revising organizational documents and accounting policies of the Company (with the exception of revisions, stipulations, and regulations required by law); (iv) creating any security interest to secure the performance of any obligations of a third Party, or signing any guarantee, compensation or other agreements to create such security interest in the assets or business of the Company; (v) increasing or decreasing the registered capital of the Company, or commencing any reorganization, bankruptcy or any procedures to terminate the business of the Company; (vi) canceling, exempting, relieving or terminating its claims against any person, or concerning any pending litigation, arbitration and dispute in which the dispute amount is over RMB one million yuan, or commencing any settlement procedures thereof; (vii) selling, leasing, licensing, transferring or disposing any material assets or substantively changing the main business of the Company; or (viii) declaring or distributing any dividends or other distributions. |
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(e) | Make reasonable efforts to cause the Company to, in the name of the Company, file the latest version of the web-game Dan Dan Tang with and obtain the permission on the contents of the game from Ministry of Culture of the PRC. |
(f) | Make reasonable efforts to cause the Company to sign a new effective entrusted publication agreement with others concerning the publication of the latest version of the game Dan Dan Tang, and complete the filing of the publishing number of the latest version Dan Dan Tang with relevant publication administration authority. |
(g) | Make reasonable efforts to cause the Company to obtain lawful and valid Internet Publishing Permit. |
(h) | Timely submit all necessary documents to the Transferee on and before Overseas Closing Date. |
(i) | Unless otherwise agreed in writing by the Transferee, not engage any business competing with the business of the Company when working for the Company and within one year after leaving the Company. |
10.3 | Post-Overseas Closing Covenants |
(a) | Existing Shareholders agree and undertake to and shall procure their relevant Affiliates to properly perform the VIE Agreements, including but not limited to pledging equity interests held by Existing Shareholders in the Company to WFOE within the time limit as required under the VIE Agreements. |
(b) | Make reasonable efforts to the full extent to cause an IPO of 7Road Group. |
(c) | Existing Shareholders commitment under 10.2(i) will continue to be effective. |
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(d) | Johnny, Cao Kai undertakes to reserve 5.1% of all equity interests in the Company held by him and 5.1% of equity interests in Cayman Company beneficially owned by him through the relevant overseas holding company, all of which will be used for equity incentive grants to employees of 7Road Group and undertakes, at an appropriate time, to implement such employees incentive plan, including but not limited to transferring the foregoing equity interests to employees or holding companies of employees within and without China. The board of directors of 7Road Group after consummation of the transactions contemplated hereunder will decide on any concrete implementation plan; provided however, that (i) the employees of 7Road Group shall not violate then effective laws and regulations by participating in such equity incentive plan and/or receiving equity incentive interests thereunder, and (ii) the creation and implementation of such equity incentive plan shall not cause any adverse effects on the rights and interests of the Transferee or the Overseas Company of the Transferee in 7Road Group. |
(e) | If 7Road Group has met the legal and financial requirements for an IPO, and plans to effect an IPO, before the effectiveness of the IPO, 7Road Group shall cause the Cayman Company to adopt an employee stock option plan with 10% of the equity interests in the Cayman Company on a diluted basis reserved for issuance under such plan. The names of the grantees and the numbers and exercising price of stock options under the plan will be determined by the Cayman Company and the shareholders of 7Roud Group through friendly consultation. |
XI. | Covenants of the Company |
11.1 | Pre-Domestic Closing Covenants. The Company will: |
(a) | As a condition precedent to the Domestic Share Transfer, take all necessary measures to ensure the execution and delivery of the documents to which the Company is a Party; |
(b) | Organize shareholders meetings relating to the Domestic Share Transfer and the revision and adoption of the New Articles of Association. |
(c) | In connection with the Domestic Share Transfer, complete the registration and filing of such transfer with the competent industrial and commercial administration authority, which shall properly record the ownership of the Transferee in the Company in the registration documents and issue a certificate of capital contribution to the Transferee. |
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(d) | Enter into a Labor Contract with each member of the Management team of the Company, substantially in the form as agreed to before the Domestic Closing by Existing Shareholders and the Transferee. |
(e) | The Company shall obtain the permission from the Transferee (such permission may not be unreasonably rejected or withheld) before carrying out the following matters, unless the Company conducts any such matters in order to make this Agreement effective, satisfy the requirements of the this Agreement or conduct such matters in an ordinary course of business: (i) signing any agreement or making any commitment with a value of over RMB 1 million yuan; (ii) signing, revising, terminating any contract/commitment relating to daily business operations with a value of over RMB 1 million yuan, or borrowing money of over RMB 1 million yuan relating to daily business operations, or assuming any other debt of over RMB 1 million yuan; (iii) revising organizational documents and accounting policies of the Company (with the exception of revisions, stipulations, and regulations required by law); (iv) creating a security interest to secure any obligations of a third party, or signing any guarantee, compensation or other agreements to create such security interest in the assets or business of the Company; (v) increasing or decreasing the registered capital of the Company, or commencing any reorganization, bankruptcy or any procedures to terminate the business of the Company; (vi) canceling, exempting, relieving or terminating its claims against any person, or concerning any pending litigation, arbitration and dispute in which the dispute amount is over RMB one million yuan, or commencing any settlement procedures; (vii) selling, leasing, licensing, transferring or disposing any material assets or substantively changing the main business of the Company; or (viii) declaring or distributing any dividends or other distributions. |
(f) | File, in its own name, an application of the Companys latest version of the web-game Dan Dan Tang with the Ministry of Culture for its examination and approval. |
(g) | File an application for the publishing number of the latest version Dan Dan Tang with the relevant press and publication administration authority. |
(h) | Make a full contribution to the housing reserve fund for the benefit of employees of the Company according to Shenzhen Provisional Methods for the Management of Housing Reserve Fund. |
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11.2 | Pre-Overseas Closing Covenants |
(a) | The Company will take all necessary measures to ensure the execution and delivery of the documents (including but not limited to the VIE Agreements), to which the Company is a party and the execution and delivery of which is a condition precedent to the Overseas Share Transfer; |
(b) | The confidentiality agreements and non-competition agreements signed between the Company and the members of the Management team or the key employees of the Company shall continue to be effective. |
(c) | A third party must first obtain a license or authorization from the Company before such third party uses any intellectual properties of 7Roud Group or conduct any marketing promotion activities with respect to 7road Groups technology. |
11.3 | Post-Overseas Closing Covenants |
(a) | If 7Road Group has met the legal and financial requirements for an IPO and plans to effectuate an IPO, before the effectiveness of the IPO, 7Road Group shall cause the Cayman Company to adopt an employee stock option plan with 10% of the equity interests in the Cayman Company on a diluted basis reserved for issuance under such plan. The names of the grantees and the numbers and exercising price of stock options under the plan will be determined by the Cayman Company and the shareholders of 7Roud Group through friendly consultation. |
(b) | Covenants under Section 11.2 (b) shall continue to be effective. |
(c) | The Company agrees and undertakes to properly perform the VIE Agreements and assist relevant parties thereto to complete the transactions or activities contemplated therein, including but not limited to the pledge by each of the Existing Shareholders of all equity interests in the Company held by him or her to WFOE. |
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XII. | Covenants of the Transferee/the Overseas Company of the Transferee |
12.1 | Pre-Domestic Closing Covenants |
(a) | The Transferee confirms and agrees to the following: (i) the Transferee or its representatives, before signing this Agreement, have conducted an independent due diligence investigation, examination and analysis of the Companys business, management, assets, legal liability, performance, financial condition, software and technology and have assessed the corporate assets and business. The Transferors/Existing Shareholders and the Company, upon the request of the Transferee or its representatives, have provided the Transferee with the corporate records concerning human resources, assets and real estate properties, as well as the corporate business and operations, for due diligence investigation purposes; (ii) the Transferee has conducted the transactions under this Agreement as a mature participant relying on its independent investigation, examination, analysis as well as related representations by the Transferors and Existing Shareholders, provided that, such independent investigation, examination and analysis by the Transferee will not exempt the Transferors/Existing Shareholders and the Company from their obligations to make representations and warranties to the Transferee and the Overseas Company of the Transferee under this Agreement and to ensure the authenticity, accuracy and completeness of any foregoing representations and warranties. (iii) as for the authenticity, accuracy and completeness of representations and warranties made by the Transferors or Existing Shareholders or the Company under this Agreement, the Transferee may only hold the Transferors or Existing Shareholders or the Company liable for the breach of the representations and warranties made by them under this Agreement and shall not rely on any other representations, guarantees, statements or implications previously made, orally or in writing, by the Transferors or the Existing Shareholders or by any staff, director, employee or representative of the Transferors, Existing Shareholders or the Company with respect to the business or corporate assets of the Company. |
(b) | To take all necessary measures to ensure the execution and delivery of documents to which it is a party and the execution and delivery of which is a condition precedent to the Domestic Closing; |
(c) | To timely deliver all the documents as required to be delivered on or before the Domestic Closing Date. |
(d) | To take all reasonable and necessary measures to assist the Transferors in completing the Domestic Share Transfer. |
(e) | To pay considerations to the Transferors according to this Agreement. |
(f) | To make reasonable efforts to reach a consensus with Existing Shareholders and the Company on the forms and contents of VIE Agreements which are to be signed after Domestic Closing to effect the transfer of control and other rights on the Company and the IPO; |
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(g) | To make reasonable efforts to reach a consensus with Existing Shareholders on the forms and contents of the Shareholders Agreement of the Cayman Company and the Articles of Association of the Cayman Company, which shall have the terms and conditions that are substantially equivalent to those of the New Shareholders Agreement (unless then applicable laws require necessary revisions to relevant contents) . |
12.2 | Pre-Overseas Closing Covenants |
(a) | To take necessary measures to ensure the execution and delivery of the documents (including but not limited to VIE Agreements) to which it is a party and the execution and delivery of which is a condition precedent to the Overseas Share Transfer; |
(b) | To take all necessary actions to ensure that the Shareholders Agreement, to which the Overseas Company of the Transferee is a party, and the Articles of Association of Cayman Company, shall have the terms and conditions that are substantially equivalent to those of New Shareholders Agreement (unless then applicable laws require necessary revisions to any such terms). |
(c) | Take all reasonable and necessary measures to complete the Overseas Share Transfer. |
(d) | Timely deliver all necessary documents to Existing Shareholders or Cayman companies on or before the Overseas Closing Date. |
(e) | As for fulfillment of undertakings under 10.2 by Existing Shareholders, if the Transferee, as the shareholder of the Company and with the authority of shareholder, has the need to provide assistance to the Existing Shareholders, the Transferee shall make reasonable efforts to the full extent to assist Existing Shareholders in fulfilling such undertakings. |
12.3 | Post-Overseas Closing Covenants |
(a) | If 7Road Group has met the legal and financial requirements of an IPO and it initiates the process for an IPO after the completion of the Overseas Share Transfer, the Transferee undertakes to make reasonable efforts to the full extent to facilitate the IPO of 7Road Group. |
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(b) | If 7Road Group has met the legal and financial requirements for an IPO and plans to effectuate an IPO, before the effectiveness of the IPO, 7Road Group shall cause the Cayman Company to adopt an employee stock option plan with 10% of the equity interests in the Cayman Company on a diluted basis reserved for issuance under such plan. The names of the grantees and the numbers and exercising price of stock options under the plan will be determined by the Cayman Company and the shareholders of 7Roud Group through friendly consultation. |
(c) | The Transferee agrees and undertakes to properly perform the VIE Agreements and assist relevant parties thereto in completing the transactions or activities contemplated therein, including but not limited to the pledge by Existing Shareholders of all equity interests in the Company held by it to WFOE. |
XIII. | Corporate Governance |
13.1 | Shareholders meetings, Board of Directors, supervisors and Management |
The Parties agree, after the Domestic Closing, the composition, power, system and operation mechanism of shareholder meetings, board of directors, supervisors and Management of the Company, shall comply with the specific provisions of New Articles of Association and the New Shareholders Agreement and the composition, power, system and operation mechanism of shareholders meetings, the board of directors, supervisors, and Management of 7Road Group shall comply with Articles of Association of Cayman Company and Shareholders Agreement of Cayman companies.
13.2 | Audit Report and Financial Statements |
The Company undertakes to deliver (i) audited annual financial reports issued by an audit firm recognized by the investors (within seven days after the completion of such audit), and (ii) the unaudited financial statements of the Company for each month, to the members of Board of Directors of the Company.
13.3 | Other matters |
The Company shall perform its corporate governance functions pursuant to the terms and conditions of the New Articles of Association, the New Shareholders Agreement, the Articles of Association of the Cayman Company, as well as the Shareholders Agreement of the Cayman Company (if the Overseas Closing is consummated).
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XIV. | Indemnification |
14.1 | Indemnification |
Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, if one Party (referred to as the Breaching Party) fails to fulfill the obligations under this Agreement or makes representations and warranties untrue, inaccurate or misleading, which violates this Agreement, such Breaching Party shall indemnify other non-breaching Parties (referred to as the Non-Beaching Parties) for any expenses, losses, liabilities, damage compensation and reasonable expenditures incurred from such breaches, and:
(a) | if the foregoing breach is committed by more than one Party, each Breaching Party shall indemnify for the collective expenses, losses, responsibilities, damages, disbursements and requests with other Breaching Parties on an several basis; and |
(b) | indemnifications set forth in Section 14.1 (a) are additional which shall not restrict other rights that may be acquired by the Non-beaching Parties according to this Agreement or applicable laws. |
The amount of expenses, losses, liabilities, damages and reasonable expenditures caused by default of one Party to another Party (referred to as the Amount of loss) shall be identified according to the enforceable legal documents including judgment, arbitration award, verdict, ruling and decision of punishment relating to the default activities of the Breaching Parties issued by competent court, arbitration authority, other dispute resolution organizations or governmental authorities. If the Amount of Loss cannot be identified through the foregoing way, then the Parties agree to settle the disputes according to Article 16.
The Parties agree that, if the Existing Shareholders will make indemnification based on the above-mentioned causes (subject to the minimum amount of indemnification set out in Section 14.3 and the total amount of indemnification calculated according to the provisions in Sections 14.3 and 14.4), and if the Overseas Consideration has not yet paid, the Overseas Company of the Transferee is entitled to suspend the payment of all or part of the Overseas Consideration due and payable which is equal to the amount of indemnification payable by the Existing Shareholders or the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders. In such case, if the suspended Overseas Consideration is not sufficient to cover the indemnification, the Company, the Transferee or the Overseas Company of the Transferee are entitled to continue to require the Existing Shareholders to undertake the remaining indemnification. For the avoidance of doubt:
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(1) if any of the indemnification matters under Section 14.1 occurs, within 15 days after the Overseas Company of the Transferee issuing the written notification of indemnification to the Existing Shareholders/the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders, a negotiation between the Transferee/the Overseas Company of the Transferee and the Existing Shareholders/the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders need to be held. In such case, if no consensus can be reached among relevant parties with regarding to whether the Existing Shareholders or the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders is liable for the indemnification as provided in this Section 5.1, or with regarding to all or part of the amount of the suspended payment as provided in the previous paragraph: for the agreed part of the amount of suspended payment and for those not agreed upon but the amount of disputed part thereunder is not over 2 million U.S. dollars, the Overseas Company of the Transferee is entitled to in advance suspend the payment of all such parts from the Overseas Consideration yet paid, provided however, if the total amount of payment being suspended exceeds the amount that shall be suspended according to the arbitration award under the arbitration mechanism provided below, the Overseas Company of the Transferee shall immediately pay the excess suspended amount to the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders; for those not agreed upon and the amount of disputed part thereunder is over 2 million U.S. dollars, the Overseas Company of the Transferee shall not suspend to pay such disputed part unless an arbitration award under the arbitration mechanism provided below regarding the disputed part comes out and then the Overseas Company of the Transferee is entitled to deduct equivalent amount from the due and payable Overseas Consideration accordingly. In case that no consensus on whether any Party is held liable for the indemnification under this Section 14.1 or on all or part of the amount of payment to be suspended or deducted, any Party shall have the right to submit for arbitration according to Section 16.3. The Overseas Company of the Transferee is entitled to deduct equivalent amount from the payable Overseas Consideration according to the amount of indemnification shall be undertaken by Existing Shareholders or the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders under relevant arbitration award.
53
(2) The Overseas Company of the Transferee is only entitled to suspend and deduct the payment from the Overseas Consideration to be paid to each of the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders on a non-joint and several basis, prorated based on their respective proportions in the transferred shares.
Except for the above mentioned agreed matters, the performance of other parts of this Agreement will not be affected during the consultation and arbitration period.
14.2 | Term of validity |
As for the right of claiming for indemnifications in connection with the representations and warranties that is untrue, inaccurate or misleading under Section 14.1, in terms of the Domestic Closing, it shall be valid within 12 months after the Domestic Closing Date and, in terms of the Overseas Closing, valid within 12 months after Overseas Closing Date.
14.3 | Minimum Amount of Indemnification |
Apart from the tax liability provided in Section 5.1 of this Agreement, if the cumulative amount of loss caused by defaults of the Transferors or Existing Shareholders (taken as a whole) to the Transferee and the Overseas Company of the Transferee (calculated in total) is not more than 2 million U.S. dollars, there is no need for the Transferors or Existing Shareholders to make the indemnification. If the amount mentioned above is more than 2 million U.S. dollars, the Transferors or Existing Shareholders shall pay all of such loss to the Transferee or the Overseas Company of the Transferee, subject to Section 14.4.
14.4 | Limits of Indemnification |
As for the liability of indemnification caused by or in connection with the Domestic Share Transfer, the cumulative amount paid by the Transferors according to Article 5 and Section 14.1 shall not be more than 80% of Domestic Consideration and each Transferor shall bear liability of indemnification pro rata its proportion in Domestic Target Shares on several basis.
As for the liability of indemnification cause by or in connection with the Overseas Share Transfer, the cumulative amount paid by Existing Shareholders according to Section 5.1 and Section 14.1 to the Transferee/the Overseas Company of the Transferee shall not be more than 80% of Overseas Consideration and each Existing Shareholder shall bear liability of indemnification prorated based on its proportional interests in the Overseas Target Shares on several basis.
54
Despite of the above, limits of indemnifications of the Transferors/Existing Shareholders may not be higher than 80% of all considerations before tax have been paid by the Transferee/the Overseas Company of the Transferee.
14.5 | Other Matters |
For the avoidance of doubt, the Transferors, other than the Existing Shareholders, shall be severally responsible for the indemnifications relating to the matters that took place before the Domestic Closing and were attributable to the Transferors, but shall not be responsible for the indemnification due to any debenture, debt, compensation payable by the Company, Existing Shareholders and the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders that are incurred after the Domestic Closing.
For those inconsistencies with the representations and warranties under this Agreement which have been disclosed by the Transferors to the Transferee and the Overseas Company of the Transferee in the side letter signed by and among the Parties on April 22, 2011 or otherwise separately disclosed in writing, the Transferors do not bear any liability of indemnification under Article 5 and this Section 14, and the Transferee/the Overseas Company of the /Transferee shall be considered as waving the rights to hold anyone liable for such violations or inaccuracy.
If losses are incurred to a Non-breaching Party due to breach of contract by a Breaching Party, such Non-breaching Party shall take measures to avoid further loss. If no measures are taken to avoid such further loss, Non-breaching Party shall have no right to claim for such indemnification for any further loss.
XV. | Termination |
15.1 | Termination due to defaults |
(a) | Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, if any Party violates any material obligations under or provided by this Agreement, or makes any representation and warranty under or provided by this Agreement that are untrue, inaccurate, or misleading (which shall be considered as material breach of this Agreement) and does not rectify its violations within 15 days after receiving written notification (or upon receipt of such notification, if such violations cannot be rectified), any other Party, without prejudice to any other possible existing rights, may notify all the other Parties in writing to terminate this Agreement before the date provided in business license. |
55
(b) | Any Party that terminates this Agreement according to Section 15.1 will not affect its rights to hold indemnifying Party liable according to provisions of Article Section14 and applicable laws. |
15.2 | Termination due to Material Adverse Changes and non-completion of conditions |
Without prejudice to any other rights under this Agreement (including but not limited to claiming for the indemnifications of Breaching Parties for defaults of obligations), any Party may notify the other Parties in writing to terminate this Agreement if:
(a) | up to the 120th day after the signing day of this Agreement, any conditions precedent still cannot be met, but not due to the fault, action or inaction or violation of obligations under this Agreement by such Party; or |
(b) | if Material Adverse Changes occur before the Domestic Closing Date or Overseas Closing Date, and within 30 days after the issuance of such notification by such Party, relevant Parties fail to reach any mutually acceptable solutions. |
Subject to Sections 3.4 (c) and (d), the Parties agree that if foregoing conditions to terminate this Agreement occur and the Domestic Closing has been completed, the effect of completed Domestic Share Transfer shall not be affected.
15.3 | Effect of Termination |
If any Party terminates this Agreement according to the clauses of this Agreement, all relevant Parties will be exempted from their respective obligations under this Agreement except for Article 7 (Representations and Warranties of the Transferors/Existing Shareholders), Article 8 (Representations and Warranties of the Company), Article 9 (Representations and Warranties of the Transferee/the Overseas Company of the Transferee), Article 14 (Indemnity), Article 15 (Termination), Article 16 (Applicable Law and Settlement of Disputes), Section 17.2 (Notice), Section 17.5 (Entire Agreement, without third party beneficiaries), Section 17.6 (Severability) and Section 17.7 (non-waiving of rights). All above mentioned provisions shall survive and continue in force after the termination of this Agreement.
56
15.4 | Delayed interest |
If any Party for any reason fails to pay under this Agreement on the due date, it shall, upon the request, pay interests dated from due date up to the actual pay-off day to the Party qualified to accept such payment according to an daily interest rate of the actual pay-off day (according to benchmark interest rate published by Peoples Bank of China on that day, but such interest rate may by no means be over daily interest rate of 0.05%) .
XVI. | Applicable Law and Resolution of Disputes |
16.1 | Applicable law |
The effect, interpretations and performance of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the Peoples Republic of China.
16.2 | Consultation |
The Parties to this Agreement shall first settle any disputes relating to interpretations or fulfillment of this Agreement through friendly negotiation.
16.3 | Arbitration |
Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, if any dispute cannot be settled in a way acceptable to the Parties within 60 days after the first consultation, any Party to the dispute may submit such dispute to the Shanghai branch of the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (the CIETAC) for final settlement through arbitration. Arbitration shall be carried out according to then effective arbitration rules of the CIETEC which are incorporated into herein by reference. The Arbitration tribunal shall consist of three arbitrators with one arbitrator selected by each of the Parties subject to the dispute and the third one appointed by the arbitration tribunal. Arbitration award shall be final and binding upon the relevant Parties.
57
XVII. | Miscellaneous |
17.1 | Revision and amendment |
According to applicable laws, any clause of this Agreement may be revised, amended and supplemented in writing by the Parties before the Overseas Closing Date (referred to as the Supplemental Agreement). If there are any conflicts between the Supplemental Agreement and this Agreement, the Supplemental Agreement shall prevail.
17.2 | Notice |
All notices and other communications under this Agreement shall be made in writing. If such are delivered to a Party by hand or sent by facsimile (must be confirmed), or sent by registered letter, or sent by express mail service (such as express postal service), or through email to the address given for such Party below (or such other address for such Party as shall be specified by like notice to the notifying Party), it shall be deemed delivered or made.
Johnny, Cao Kai
Address: * .
Fax No.: 0755- 86199356
Tel.: *
Zip code: 518057
E-mail: johnny@7road.com
Kent, Yang Zhiyi
Address: *;
Fax No.: 0755- 86199356
Tel.: *
Zip code: 518057
E-mail: kent@7road.com
Justin, Long Chunyan
Address: * ;
Fax No.: 0755- 86199356
Tel.: *
Zip code: 518057
E-mail: justin@7road.com
The symbol * in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.
58
Zeng Liqing
Address: *.
Fax No.: 0755- 86199356
Tel.: *
Zip code: 518057
E-mail:jason@qq.com
Wang Yuan
Address: *.
Fax No.: 0755- 83100068
Tel.: *
Zip code: 518049
E-mail: wangyuan.cn@gmail.com
Liu Tao
Address: * .
Fax No.: 0755- 86199356
Tel.: *
Zip code: 518057
E-mail: eric@itechvc.com
Zhang Jie
Address: *
Fax No.: 0755- 86199356
Tel.: *
Zip code: 518057
E-mail: nineway@gmail.com
Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership (Limited)
Address: Room 2805, International Culture Building, No. 3039, Shennan
Zhonglu, Futian District, Shenzhen, China
Fax No.: 0755- 83290622
Tel.: *
Zip code: 518033
E-mail: luofei@pinevc.com.cn
The symbol * in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.
59
Shenzhen Capital Group
Address: 11th floor, Investment Building Hotel, No. 4009, Shennan Road,
central area, Futian District, Shenzhen City
Fax No.: 0755- 82912880
Tel.: *
Zip code: 518048
E-mail: yjin@szvc.com.cn
Ben, Meng Shuqi
Address: *
Fax No.: 0755- 86199356
Tel.: *
Zip code: 518057
E-mail: ben@7road.com
Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
Address: 2nd floor, East side building, Jing Yan Hotel, No. 29, Shijingshan
Road, Shijingshan district, Beijing
Fax No.: 010- 68870371
Tel.: *
Zip code: 100043
E-mail: alex@cyou-inc.com
Shenzhen 7 Road
Address: B2-B5, 16th floor, YanXiang Technology Building, No. 31, Gao Xin
Zhong Si Road, Nan Shan District, Shenzhen City, .
Fax No.: 0755- 86199356
Tel.: *
Zip code: 518057
E-mail: johnny@7road.com
Overseas Companies of the Transferee:
Address: 2nd floor, East side building, Jing Yan Hotel, No. 29, Shijingshan
Road, Shijingshan district, Beijing
Fax No.: 010- 68870371
Tel.: *
Zip code: 100043
E-mail: alex@cyou-inc.com
The symbol * in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.
60
Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders :
Address:
Fax :
Tel.
Zip code:
E-mail:
Information relating to the Overseas Holding Companies of the Existing Shareholders will be supplemented to be part of this Agreement upon establishment of such companies.
17.3 | Exhibit |
Exhibits, as parts of this Agreement, are equally authentic as this Agreement. Should the Domestic Share Transfer Agreement or the Overseas Share Transfer Agreement attached as the exhibits hereto are inconsistent with this Agreement, this Agreement shall prevail.
17.4 | Effectiveness |
This Agreement shall become effective immediately upon the execution hereof by the Parties.
17.5 | Counterparts |
This Agreement is prepared in Chinese. This Agreement has 13 signed original copies with each Party hereto holding one original copy, each copy to have the same legal effect.
17.6 | All agreements, without third party beneficiaries |
This Agreement: (1) constitutes all and only one agreement reached by the Parties on Domestic Share Transfer Transaction and Overseas Share Transfer Transaction and supersede all previously reached understanding, arrangement or agreement, orally or in writing. (ii) does not intend to grant any rights or relief to anyone other than the Parties to this Agreement.
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17.7 | Severability |
If any clause of this Agreement is found to be invalid or unenforceable after signing of this Agreement or becomes invalid or unenforceable due to any legislative changes, the remaining parts remain unaffected.
17.8 | Non-waiving of rights |
Any Party failing to or delaying the exercise of the rights or power under this Agreement may not be deemed to waive such rights or powers. If any Party exercises any right or power independently or partially, it will not affect the exercise of such rights or powers in the future.
17.9 | Assignment |
Any Party may not transfer part of or all rights, interests, responsibilities or obligations under this Agreement without prior written consent by other Parties.
62
(This is the signature page of Share Transfer Framework Agreement on transferring 68.258% of shares of Shenzhen 7 Road and its overseas Affiliates. This Agreement is signed by Johnny, Cao Kai, Kent, Yang Zhiyi, Justin, Long Chunyan, Liqing Zeng, Yuan Wang, Tao Liu, Jie Zhang, Ben, Meng Shuqi, Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership, Shenzhen Capital Group Co., Ltd, Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Changyou.com Limited as well as Shenzhen 7 Road.)
Johnny, Cao Kai
Signed by: |
|
63
(This is the signature page of Share Transfer Framework Agreement on transferring 68.258% of shares of Shenzhen 7 Road and its overseas Affiliates. This Agreement is signed by Johnny, Cao Kai, Kent, Yang Zhiyi, Justin, Long Chunyan, Liqing Zeng, Yuan Wang, Tao Liu, Jie Zhang, Ben, Meng Shuqi, Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership, Shenzhen Capital Group Co., Ltd, Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Changyou.com Limited as well as Shenzhen 7 Road.)
Kent, Yang Zhiyi
Signed by: |
|
1
(This is the signature page of Share Transfer Framework Agreement on transferring 68.258% of shares of Shenzhen 7 Road and its overseas Affiliates. This Agreement is signed by Johnny, Cao Kai, Kent, Yang Zhiyi, Justin, Long Chunyan, Liqing Zeng, Yuan Wang, Tao Liu, Jie Zhang, Ben, Meng Shuqi, Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership, Shenzhen Capital Group Co., Ltd, Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Changyou.com Limited as well as Shenzhen 7 Road.)
Justin, Long Chunyan
Signed by: |
|
2
(This is the signature page of Share Transfer Framework Agreement on transferring 68.258% of shares of Shenzhen 7 Road and its overseas Affiliates. This Agreement is signed by Johnny, Cao Kai, Kent, Yang Zhiyi, Justin, Long Chunyan, Liqing Zeng, Yuan Wang, Tao Liu, Jie Zhang, Ben, Meng Shuqi, Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership, Shenzhen Capital Group Co., Ltd, Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Changyou.com Limited as well as Shenzhen 7 Road.)
Liqing Zeng
Signed by: |
|
3
(This is the signature page of Share Transfer Framework Agreement on transferring 68.258% of shares of Shenzhen 7 Road and its overseas Affiliates. This Agreement is signed by Johnny, Cao Kai, Kent, Yang Zhiyi, Justin, Long Chunyan, Liqing Zeng, Yuan Wang, Tao Liu, Jie Zhang, Ben, Meng Shuqi, Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership, Shenzhen Capital Group Co., Ltd, Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Changyou.com Limited as well as Shenzhen 7 Road.)
Yuan Wang
Signed by: |
|
4
(This is the signature page of Share Transfer Framework Agreement on transferring 68.258% of shares of Shenzhen 7 Road and its overseas Affiliates. This Agreement is signed by Johnny, Cao Kai, Kent, Yang Zhiyi, Justin, Long Chunyan, Liqing Zeng, Yuan Wang, Tao Liu, Jie Zhang, Ben, Meng Shuqi, Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership, Shenzhen Capital Group Co., Ltd, Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Changyou.com Limited as well as Shenzhen 7 Road.)
Tao Liu
Signed by: |
|
5
(This is the signature page of Share Transfer Framework Agreement on transferring 68.258% of shares of Shenzhen 7 Road and its overseas Affiliates. This Agreement is signed by Johnny, Cao Kai, Kent, Yang Zhiyi, Justin, Long Chunyan, Liqing Zeng, Yuan Wang, Tao Liu, Jie Zhang, Ben, Meng Shuqi, Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership, Shenzhen Capital Group Co., Ltd, Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Changyou.com Limited as well as Shenzhen 7 Road.)
Jie Zhang
Signed by: |
|
6
(This is the signature page of Share Transfer Framework Agreement on transferring 68.258% of shares of Shenzhen 7 Road and its overseas Affiliates. This Agreement is signed by Johnny, Cao Kai, Kent, Yang Zhiyi, Justin, Long Chunyan, Liqing Zeng, Yuan Wang, Tao Liu, Jie Zhang, Ben, Meng Shuqi, Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership, Shenzhen Capital Group Co., Ltd, Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Changyou.com Limited as well as Shenzhen 7 Road.)
Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership (Limited)
Representative appointed by executive partner: Wei Li
Signed by: |
|
7
(This is the signature page of Share Transfer Framework Agreement on transferring 68.258% of shares of Shenzhen 7 Road and its overseas Affiliates. This Agreement is signed by Johnny, Cao Kai, Kent, Yang Zhiyi, Justin, Long Chunyan, Liqing Zeng, Yuan Wang, Tao Liu, Jie Zhang, Ben, Meng Shuqi, Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership, Shenzhen Capital Group Co., Ltd, Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Changyou.com Limited as well as Shenzhen 7 Road.)
Shenzhen Capital Group Co., Ltd
Legal representative: Haitao Lin
Signed by: |
|
8
(This is the signature page of Share Transfer Framework Agreement on transferring 68.258% of shares of Shenzhen 7 Road and its overseas Affiliates. This Agreement is signed by Johnny, Cao Kai, Kent, Yang Zhiyi, Justin, Long Chunyan, Liqing Zeng, Yuan Wang, Tao Liu, Jie Zhang, Ben, Meng Shuqi, Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership, Shenzhen Capital Group Co., Ltd, Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Changyou.com Limited as well as Shenzhen 7 Road.)
Ben, Meng Shuqi
Signed by: |
|
9
(This is the signature page of Share Transfer Framework Agreement on transferring 68.258% of shares of Shenzhen 7 Road and its overseas Affiliates. This Agreement is signed by Johnny, Cao Kai, Kent, Yang Zhiyi, Justin, Long Chunyan, Liqing Zeng, Yuan Wang, Tao Liu, Jie Zhang, Ben, Meng Shuqi, Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership, Shenzhen Capital Group Co., Ltd, Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Changyou.com Limited as well as Shenzhen 7 Road.)
Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
Legal representative: Tao Wang
Signed by: |
|
10
(This is the signature page of Share Transfer Framework Agreement on transferring 68.258% of shares of Shenzhen 7 Road and its overseas Affiliates. This Agreement is signed by Johnny, Cao Kai, Kent, Yang Zhiyi, Justin, Long Chunyan, Liqing Zeng, Yuan Wang, Tao Liu, Jie Zhang, Ben, Meng Shuqi, Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership, Shenzhen Capital Group Co., Ltd, Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Changyou.com Limited as well as Shenzhen 7 Road.)
Changyou.com Limited
Authorized representative:Tao Wang
Signed by: |
|
11
(This is the signature page of Share Transfer Framework Agreement on transferring 68.258% of shares of Shenzhen 7 Road and its overseas Affiliates. This Agreement is signed by Johnny, Cao Kai, Kent, Yang Zhiyi, Justin, Long Chunyan, Liqing Zeng, Yuan Wang, Tao Liu, Jie Zhang, Ben, Meng Shuqi, Suzhou Green Pine Growth Partnership, Shenzhen Capital Group Co., Ltd, Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Changyou.com Limited as well as Shenzhen 7 Road.)
Shenzhen 7Road Technology Co., Ltd.
Legal representative: Johnny Cao
Signed by: |
|
12
Exhibit I: Domestic Share Transfer Agreement
13
Exhibit II: Overseas Reorganization Plan
14
Exhibit III: Overseas Consideration Calculation Standard
Overseas Consideration shall be paid to the Overseas Companies of Existing Shareholders in two annual tranches. Taking US$ 27,303,200 as the benchmark number of the total Overseas Consideration (the Benchmark Consideration, 40% of which shall be the portion of Benchmark Consideration for the year of 2011, and the remaining 60% of which shall be the portion of Benchmark Consideration for the year of 2012), and based on the fulfillment status of 7road Group against the target Adjusted Net Profit for each of the years of 2011 and 2012 as audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers, each tranche of Overseas Consideration actually payable shall be calculated according to the formulas set forth in Table II and Table III below, provided that, in any event, each tranche of Overseas Consideration to be paid shall not exceed 120% of the portion of Benchmark Consideration for that year, or, specifically, US$ 13,105,536 for the year of 2011 and US$19,658,304 for the year of 2012.
Table I: Annual target Adjusted Net Profit and annual Benchmark Consideration for the years of 2011 and 2012
Calendar |
Annual Target Adjusted Net |
Annual Benchmark Consideration | ||
2011 | US$ * | US$ 10,921,280 (40% of the total Benchmark Consideration) | ||
2012 | US$ * | US$ 16,381,920 US$ (60% of the total Benchmark Consideration) |
Table II: Calculation Standard for the tranche of Overseas Consideration to be paid for the year of 2011
Conditions for the incentive |
Amount of the actual Overseas Consideration (relevant portion of Benchmark Consideration is referred to in Table I) | |
Actual Adjusted Net Profit ³ US$ * (1) | = ( actual Adjusted Net Profit of the year of 2011 US$*) / ( target Adjusted Net Profit of year of 2011- US$* ) × the portion of Benchmark Consideration of the year of 2011 | |
Actual Adjusted Net Profit < US$ * (1) | 0 |
The symbol * in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.
15
Table III: Calculation Standard for the tranche of Overseas Consideration to be paid for the year of 2012
Conditions for the incentive payment for the year of 2012 |
Amount of the actual Overseas Consideration (relevant portion of Benchmark Consideration is | |
Actual Adjusted Net Profit ³ US$ * (1) | = ( actual Adjusted Net Profit of the year of 2012 US$ *) / ( target Adjusted Net Profit of the year of 2012- US$ *) × the portion of Benchmark Consideration of the year of 2012 | |
Actual Adjusted Net Profit < US$ * (1) |
0 |
(1) | US$ * referred to in the conditions for the incentive payment for the year of 2011, is 70% of the target Adjusted Net Profit of the year of 2011 as set forth in Table I. US$* referred to in the conditions for the incentive payment for the year of 2012 is 70% of target Adjusted Net Profit of the year of 2012 as set forth in Table I. |
The symbol * in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.
16
Exhibit IV: Overseas Share Transfer Agreement
1
Exhibit V: New Articles of Association
2
Exhibit VI: New Shareholders Agreement
1
Exhibit VII: Legal Opinion
2
Exhibit VIII: Labor Contract
3
Exhibit 31.1
I, Charles Zhang, certify that:
1. | I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Sohu.com Inc.; |
2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
4. | The registrants other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrants disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrants internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrants most recent fiscal quarter (the registrants fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrants internal control over financial reporting; and |
5. | The registrants other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrants auditors and the audit committee of the registrants board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function): |
a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrants ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrants internal control over financial reporting. |
Dated: August 8, 2011
/s/ Charles Zhang Charles Zhang |
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors |
Exhibit 31.2
I, Carol Yu, certify that:
1. | I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Sohu.com Inc.; |
2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
4. | The registrants other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrants disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrants internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrants most recent fiscal quarter (the registrants fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrants internal control over financial reporting; and |
5. | The registrants other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrants auditors and the audit committee of the registrants board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function): |
a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrants ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrants internal control over financial reporting. |
Dated: August 8, 2011
/s/ Carol Yu Carol Yu Co-President and Chief Financial Officer |
Exhibit 32.1
SOHU.COM INC.
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Sohu.com Inc. (the Company) on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2011 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), I, Charles Zhang, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company, certify, pursuant to U.S.C. ss. 1350, as adopted pursuant to ss. 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition of the Company as of June 30, 2011 and results of operations of the Company for the three months ended June 30, 2011.
/s/ Charles Zhang |
Charles Zhang, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors |
August 8, 2011 |
Exhibit 32.2
SOHU.COM INC.
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Sohu.com Inc. (the Company) on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2011 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), I, Carol Yu, Co-President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to U.S.C. ss. 1350, as adopted pursuant to ss. 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition of the Company as of June 30, 2011 and results of operations of the Company for the three months ended June 30, 2011.
/s/ Carol Yu |
Carol Yu, Co-President and Chief Financial Officer |
August 8, 2011 |