UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2007
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 0-30961
Sohu.com Inc.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
Delaware | 98-0204667 | |
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) |
(I.R.S. EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER) |
Level 12, Sohu.com Internet Plaza
No. 1 Unit Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District
Beijing 100084
Peoples Republic of China
(011) 8610-6272-6666
(Address, including zip code, of registrants principal executive offices
and registrants telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ¨ Yes x No
The number of shares outstanding of each of the issuers classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:
Class |
Outstanding at April 18, 2007 | |
Common stock, $.001 par value | 36,831,406 |
SOHU.COM INC.
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. | Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |
SOHU.COM INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except par value)
As of | ||||||||
March 31, 2007 |
December 31, 2006 |
|||||||
(unaudited) | (audited) | |||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 92,573 | $ | 124,756 | ||||
Accounts receivable, net (including $68 and $286 from a related party, respectively) |
27,465 | 23,825 | ||||||
Prepaid and other current assets |
7,434 | 5,961 | ||||||
Current portion of long-term investments in marketable debt securities |
4,957 | 4,942 | ||||||
Total current assets |
132,429 | 159,484 | ||||||
Investment in an associate |
1,254 | 1,296 | ||||||
Fixed assets, net |
57,590 | 21,453 | ||||||
Goodwill |
55,052 | 54,986 | ||||||
Intangible assets, net |
7,744 | 8,360 | ||||||
Restricted cash |
3,784 | 4,774 | ||||||
Other assets, net |
2,673 | 3,238 | ||||||
$ | 260,526 | $ | 253,591 | |||||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY |
||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 1,614 | $ | 1,177 | ||||
Accrued liabilities |
33,784 | 36,618 | ||||||
Zero coupon convertible senior notes |
59,780 | 59,780 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
95,178 | 97,575 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) |
||||||||
Minority interests |
41 | 53 | ||||||
Shareholders equity: |
||||||||
Common stock: $0.001 par value per share (75,400 authorized; 36,789 and 36,647 shares issued and outstanding, respectively) |
41 | 41 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
165,053 | 161,033 | ||||||
Treasury stock (4,137 shares) |
(54,686 | ) | (54,686 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
5,960 | 5,102 | ||||||
Retained earnings |
48,939 | 44,473 | ||||||
Total shareholders equity |
165,307 | 155,963 | ||||||
$ | 260,526 | $ | 253,591 | |||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
-1-
SOHU.COM INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share data)
Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||
Advertising: |
||||||||
Brand advertising |
$ | 23,527 | $ | 16,675 | ||||
Sponsored search |
2,086 | 3,450 | ||||||
Subtotal of advertising revenues |
25,613 | 20,125 | ||||||
Non-advertising: |
||||||||
Wireless |
5,576 | 8,009 | ||||||
Others |
1,897 | 2,280 | ||||||
Subtotal of non-advertising revenues |
7,473 | 10,289 | ||||||
Total revenues |
33,086 | 30,414 | ||||||
Cost of revenues: |
||||||||
Advertising: |
||||||||
Brand advertising (including share-based compensation expense under SFAS 123(R) of $412 and $339, respectively) |
8,144 | 4,331 | ||||||
Sponsored search (including share-based compensation expense under SFAS 123(R) of $19 and $22, respectively) |
1,578 | 1,092 | ||||||
Subtotal of cost of advertising revenues |
9,722 | 5,423 | ||||||
Non-advertising: |
||||||||
Wireless |
2,610 | 3,812 | ||||||
Others (including share-based compensation expense under SFAS 123(R) of $4 and $5, respectively) |
693 | 792 | ||||||
Subtotal of cost of non-advertising revenues |
3,303 | 4,604 | ||||||
Total cost of revenues |
13,025 | 10,027 | ||||||
Gross profit |
20,061 | 20,387 | ||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||
Product development (including share-based compensation expense under SFAS 123(R) of $796 and $493, respectively) |
4,954 | 4,243 | ||||||
Sales and marketing (including share-based compensation expense under SFAS 123(R) of $447 and $448, respectively) |
7,290 | 6,374 | ||||||
General and administrative (including share-based compensation expense under SFAS 123(R) of $806 and $424, respectively) |
3,358 | 3,076 | ||||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
379 | 509 | ||||||
Total operating expenses |
15,981 | 14,202 | ||||||
Operating profit |
4,080 | 6,185 | ||||||
Other expenses |
(120 | ) | (68 | ) | ||||
Interest income |
769 | 529 | ||||||
Income before income tax expense |
4,729 | 6,646 | ||||||
Income tax expense |
(282 | ) | (443 | ) | ||||
Income from continuing operations |
4,447 | 6,203 | ||||||
Minority interests |
12 | | ||||||
Net income from continuing operations |
4,459 | 6,203 | ||||||
Gain (loss) from discontinued e-commerce operations |
7 | (165 | ) | |||||
Net income |
$ | 4,466 | $ | 6,038 | ||||
Basic net income per share |
$ | 0.12 | $ | 0.16 | ||||
Shares used in computing basic net income per share |
36,722 | 36,768 | ||||||
Diluted net income per share |
$ | 0.12 | $ | 0.16 | ||||
Shares used in computing diluted net income per share |
38,986 | 39,384 | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
-2-
SOHU.COM INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)
(In thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
||||||||
Net income |
$ | 4,466 | $ | 6,038 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |
||||||||
Depreciation |
2,174 | 1,293 | ||||||
Amortization of intangible assets and other assets |
830 | 1,040 | ||||||
Provision for allowance for doubtful accounts |
427 | 237 | ||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
2,484 | 1,731 | ||||||
Excess tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements |
(79 | ) | | |||||
Others |
232 | 428 | ||||||
Changes in assets and liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts receivable |
(3,988 | ) | (5,685 | ) | ||||
Prepaid and other current assets |
(1,878 | ) | 334 | |||||
Accounts payable |
436 | 519 | ||||||
Accrued liabilities |
(1,329 | ) | (1,160 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
3,775 | 4,775 | ||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: |
||||||||
Purchase of fixed assets |
(38,380 | ) | (1,853 | ) | ||||
Decrease of restricted cash |
990 | | ||||||
Purchase of other assets |
(16 | ) | (55 | ) | ||||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired |
(637 | ) | | |||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(38,043 | ) | (1,908 | ) | ||||
Cash flows from financing activities: |
||||||||
Issuance of common stock |
1,429 | 1,026 | ||||||
Excess tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements |
79 | | ||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
1,508 | 1,026 | ||||||
Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents |
577 | 546 | ||||||
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |
(32,183 | ) | 4,439 | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
124,756 | 119,091 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ | 92,573 | $ | 123,530 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
-3-
SOHU.COM INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY (unaudited)
(In thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Common stock: |
||||||||
Balance, beginning of period |
$ | 41 | $ | 40 | ||||
Issuance of common stock |
| | ||||||
Balance, end of period |
41 | 40 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital: |
||||||||
Balance, beginning of period |
161,033 | 148,780 | ||||||
Issuance of common stock |
1,429 | 1,026 | ||||||
Compensatory share-based awards |
2,484 | 1,731 | ||||||
Tax benefits from share-based awards |
107 | | ||||||
Balance, end of period |
165,053 | 151,537 | ||||||
Treasury stock: |
||||||||
Balance, beginning and end of period |
(54,686 | ) | (39,686 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income: |
||||||||
Balance, beginning of period |
5,102 | 2,126 | ||||||
Net unrealized gains (losses) on marketable debt securities |
15 | (7 | ) | |||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
843 | 667 | ||||||
Balance, end of period |
5,960 | 2,786 | ||||||
Retained earnings: |
||||||||
Balance, beginning of period |
44,473 | 18,588 | ||||||
Net income |
4,466 | 6,038 | ||||||
Balance, end of period |
48,939 | 24,626 | ||||||
Total shareholders equity |
$ | 165,307 | $ | 139,303 | ||||
Comprehensive income: |
||||||||
Net income |
$ | 4,466 | $ | 6,038 | ||||
Other comprehensive income: |
||||||||
Net unrealized gains (losses) on marketable debt securities |
15 | (7 | ) | |||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
843 | 667 | ||||||
Total comprehensive income |
$ | 5,324 | $ | 6,698 | ||||
Number of Outstanding Shares | ||||||||
Common stock: |
||||||||
Balance, beginning of period |
36,647 | 36,680 | ||||||
Issuance of common stock |
142 | 173 | ||||||
Balance, end of period |
36,789 | 36,853 | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
-4-
SOHU.COM INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. THE COMPANY AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Sohu.com Inc. (the Company or Sohu) is a leading online media, search and mobile value-added services company providing comprehensive online products and services to consumers and businesses in the Peoples Republic of China (the PRC or China). The Company, a Delaware corporation, commenced operations in 1996.
The Company, its subsidiaries and variable interest entities (or VIEs) primarily offer content, brand advertising, sponsored search, wireless and online game services through the Companys Internet sites, www.sohu.com, www.sogou.com, www.chinaren.com, www.17173.com, www.focus.cn, www.goodfeel.com.cn and www.go2map.com. The Company markets its products and services to consumers primarily in the PRC.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. Results for the three months ended March 31, 2007 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or for any future period.
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.
These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Accounting Policy on Uncertain Tax Positions
The Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (or FIN 48), on January 1, 2007. FIN 48 prescribes a more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. This Interpretation also provides guidance on derecognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, accounting for income taxes in interim periods, and income tax disclosures. As a result of the implementation of FIN 48, the Company did not have any adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2007.
2. SEGMENT INFORMATION
Based on the criteria established by SFAS No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information, the Company mainly operates in three principal segments: brand advertising, sponsored search and wireless. In June 2006, the Company terminated its e-commerce business. Accordingly, the results of operations for e-commerce have been reclassified as gains (losses) from discontinued operation for all periods presented.
The Company does not allocate any operating expenses or assets to its brand advertising, sponsored search, wireless and other segments as management does not use this information to measure the performance of the operating segments. Management does not consider share-based compensation for their segment reporting as shown in the tables, as such information does not impact the decisions on resource allocation and segment performance evaluation.
-5-
The following tables present summary information by segment (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Brand Advertising |
Sponsored Search |
Wireless | Others | Total | ||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 23,527 | $ | 2,086 | $ | 5,576 | $ | 1,897 | $ | 33,086 | ||||||||||
Segment cost of revenues |
(7,732 | ) | (1,559 | ) | (2,610 | ) | (689 | ) | (12,590 | ) | ||||||||||
Segment gross profit |
$ | 15,795 | $ | 527 | $ | 2,966 | $ | 1,208 | $ | 20,496 | ||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense under SFAS 123(R) |
(435 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Gross profit |
$ | 20,061 | ||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Brand Advertising |
Sponsored Search |
Wireless | Others | Total | ||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 16,675 | $ | 3,450 | $ | 8,009 | $ | 2,280 | $ | 30,414 | ||||||||||
Segment cost of revenues |
(3,992 | ) | (1,070 | ) | (3,812 | ) | (787 | ) | (9,661 | ) | ||||||||||
Segment gross profit |
$ | 12,683 | $ | 2,380 | $ | 4,197 | $ | 1,493 | $ | 20,753 | ||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense under SFAS 123(R) |
(366 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Gross profit |
$ | 20,387 | ||||||||||||||||||
3. INCOME TAX EXPENSE
The Company is subject to taxes in the United States at 34% or 35%, depending upon taxable income levels. Certain of the Companys subsidiaries are subject to taxes in Hong Kong at 17.5% and certain subsidiaries are subject to taxes in China as disclosed below. The Companys subsidiaries in China are governed by the Income Tax Law of the Peoples Republic of China concerning Foreign Investment Enterprises and Foreign Enterprises and local income tax laws (the FIE and FE tax law). Pursuant to the FIE and FE tax law, wholly-owned foreign enterprises are subject to tax at a statutory rate of 33% (30% state income tax plus 3% local income tax), or 15% for certain technology enterprises, on PRC taxable income. Furthermore, new technology enterprises are exempted from Chinese state corporate income tax for three years, beginning with their first year of operations, and are entitled to a 50% tax reduction at the rate of 7.5% for the subsequent three years and 15% thereafter.
In March 2007, the Chinese government promulgated the Corporate Income Tax Law, which will be effective from January 1, 2008. The Corporate Income Tax Law will impose a unified income tax rate of 25% for both domestic and foreign invested enterprise. The existing tax laws, which stipulated income tax rates for domestic and foreign invested enterprises at different rates, will be abolished simultaneously. Currently, the Companys China-based subsidiaries and VIEs are subject to the tax rates under the existing tax laws. The Corporate Income Tax Law provides for a 5-year transitional period for those entities that were subject to FIE and FE tax laws in previous years. The reduced income tax rate for new technology enterprises remains at 15% under the Corporate Income Tax Law. However, the qualifying criteria of a new technology enterprise under the new law and detailed implementation rules have not been released. The Company will continue to assess the impact of such new law in the future.
The Company adopted FIN 48 on January 1, 2007. The Company did not have any adjustment to the opening balance of retained
-6-
earnings as of January 1, 2007 as a result of the implementation of FIN 48. The Companys policy is to recognize interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. As of January 1, 2007, the Company did not have any accrued interest or penalties associated with any unrecognized tax benefits, nor recognize any interest expense during the three months ended March 31, 2007.
The Company has not been the subject of income tax audits by any U.S. federal, state or local authorities, or any non-U.S. taxing authorities, for several years.
4. NET INCOME PER SHARE
Basic net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares and, if dilutive, potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of share-based awards (using the treasury stock method) and zero coupon convertible senior notes.
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands, except per share data):
Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
2007 | 2006 | ||||||
Numerator: |
|||||||
Net income from continuing operations |
$ | 4,459 | $ | 6,203 | |||
Gain (loss) from discontinued e-commerce operations |
7 | (165 | ) | ||||
Net income |
4,466 | 6,038 | |||||
Effect of dilutive securities: |
|||||||
Amortization of offering costs for the zero coupon convertible senior notes |
124 | 155 | |||||
Net income adjusted for dilutive securities |
$ | 4,590 | $ | 6,193 | |||
Denominator: |
|||||||
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding |
36,722 | 36,768 | |||||
Effect of dilutive securities: |
|||||||
Stock options and restricted stock units |
928 | 945 | |||||
Zero coupon convertible senior notes |
1,336 | 1,671 | |||||
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding |
38,986 | 39,384 | |||||
Basic income per share from continuing operations |
$ | 0.12 | $ | 0.17 | |||
Basic gain (loss) per share from discontinued e-commerce operations |
| (0.01 | ) | ||||
Basic net income per share |
$ | 0.12 | $ | 0.16 | |||
Diluted net income per share from continuing operations |
$ | 0.12 | $ | 0.16 | |||
Diluted loss per share from discontinued e-commerce operations |
| | |||||
Diluted net income per share |
$ | 0.12 | $ | 0.16 | |||
5. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION EXPENSE
The Companys 2000 Stock Incentive Plan, including stock options and restricted stock units, provides for the issuance of up to 9,500,000 shares of common stock. The maximum term of any issued stock right is ten years from the grant date.
-7-
The Company has reserved 9,500,000 shares of new common stock for issuance under the Companys 2000 Stock Incentive Plan. As of March 31, 2007, 948,411 shares were available for grant under the plan.
A summary of option activity under the plan as of March 31, 2007, and changes during the period then ended, is presented below:
Options |
Number of Shares (in thousands) |
Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) | |||||||
Outstanding at January 1, 2007 |
2,580 | $ | 15.69 | 7.15 | $ | 23,206 | |||||
Exercised |
(135 | ) | 10.61 | ||||||||
Forfeited or expired |
(37 | ) | 17.10 | ||||||||
Outstanding at March 31, 2007 |
2,408 | 15.95 | 6.91 | $ | 15,795 | ||||||
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2007* |
2,160 | 15.83 | 6.80 | $ | 14,827 | ||||||
Exercisable at March 31, 2007 |
1,655 | 14.83 | 6.44 | $ | 13,173 | ||||||
* | These are options outstanding as of March 31, 2007 that are already vested and expected to vest in the future. |
The aggregate intrinsic value in the preceding table represents the total intrinsic value based on the Companys closing stock price of $21.43 as of March 30, 2007.
The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the three months period ended March 31, 2007 was $2.0 million.
A summary of restricted stock unit activity under the plan as of March 31, 2007, and changes during the period ended, is presented below:
Restricted Stock Units |
Number of Units (in thousands) |
Weighted-Average Fair Value | ||||
Unvested at January 1, 2007 |
529 | $ | 24.03 | |||
Granted |
202 | 23.60 | ||||
Vested |
(12 | ) | 21.77 | |||
Forfeited |
(29 | ) | 24.18 | |||
Unvested at March 31, 2007 |
690 | 23.94 | ||||
Expected to vest at March 31, 2007 |
521 | 23.91 | ||||
-8-
The following table summarizes significant ranges of outstanding and exercisable options as of March 31, 2007:
Options Outstanding as of March 31, 2007 |
Options Exercisable as of March 31, 2007 | |||||||||||
Range of Exercise Price |
Number Outstanding (in thousands) |
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |
Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Number Exercisable (in thousands) |
Weighted Average Exercise Price | |||||||
$0.86 - $1.18 |
215 | 4.29 | $ | 0.94 | 215 | $ | 0.94 | |||||
$1.37 - $1.81 |
27 | 5.30 | 1.43 | 27 | 1.43 | |||||||
$2.27 |
32 | 5.56 | 2.27 | 32 | 2.27 | |||||||
$3.85 |
68 | 2.68 | 3.85 | 68 | 3.85 | |||||||
$5.88 - $7.64 |
203 | 4.84 | 6.96 | 202 | 6.96 | |||||||
$8.39 |
37 | 5.78 | 8.39 | 37 | 8.39 | |||||||
$13.00 - $16.84 |
292 | 7.18 | 16.22 | 184 | 16.15 | |||||||
$17.00 - $22.86 |
1,164 | 8.11 | 17.95 | 584 | 17.96 | |||||||
$23.17 - $34.51 |
370 | 6.71 | 28.36 | 306 | 28.72 | |||||||
2,408 | 1,655 | |||||||||||
The effects of application of SFAS 123(R) on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2007 are summarized as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||
Decrease in net income from continuing operations |
$ | 2,484 | $ | 1,731 | ||
Decrease in income before income tax expense |
2,484 | 1,731 | ||||
Decrease in net income |
2,484 | 1,731 | ||||
Decrease in basic net income per share |
0.07 | 0.05 | ||||
Decrease in diluted net income per share |
0.06 | 0.04 |
As of March 31, 2007, there was $3.0 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to options for which services had not been provided, net of forecasted forfeitures. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.9 years. The total fair value of options expensed during the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 was $1.0 million and $1.7 million, respectively.
-9-
As of March 31, 2007, there was $9.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units, net of forecasted forfeitures. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.2 years. Total fair value of restricted stock units expensed during the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 was $1.5 million and $0, respectively.
To the extent the actual forfeiture rate is different than the Company has anticipated, the number of share-based awards expected to vest would be different from our expectations.
In accordance with SFAS 123(R), effective from January 1, 2006, the Company has recognized income tax benefits related to share-based awards to employees and directors that could be expected to be realized under applicable tax regulations. The tax benefits realized for options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2007 was $107,000. Gross excess tax benefits from share-based compensation for the three months ended March 31, 2007 was $79,000 as reported on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows in financing activities.
There were no capitalized share-based compensation costs during the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006.
During three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, total cash received from the exercise of stock options amounted to $1.4 million and $1.0 million, respectively.
6. VIEs
FIN 46R Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities requires a VIE to be consolidated by a company if that company is the primary beneficiary of that VIE.
To satisfy PRC laws and regulations, the Company conducts its Internet information, wireless and certain other businesses in the PRC via its VIEs. These VIEs are directly or indirectly owned by Dr. Charles Zhang (or Dr. Zhang), the Companys Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and a major shareholder, and certain employees of the Company. Capital for the VIEs is funded by the Company through loans provided to Dr. Zhang and the employees, and is initially recorded as loans to related parties. These loans are eliminated for accounting purposes with the capital of VIEs during consolidation.
Under contractual agreements with the Company, Dr. Zhang and other Sohu employees who are shareholders of the VIEs are required to transfer their ownership in these entities to the Company, if permitted by PRC laws and regulations, or, if not so permitted, to designees of the Company at any time to repay the loans outstanding. All voting rights of the VIEs are assigned to the Company, and the Company has the right to designate all directors and senior management personnel of the VIEs. Dr. Zhang and the other Sohu employees who are shareholders of the VIEs have pledged their shares in the VIEs as collateral for the loans. As of March 31, 2007, the aggregated amount of these loans was $9.8 million.
The following is a summary of the VIEs of the Company, which had been consolidated under FIN 46R:
a) | Beijing Sohu |
Beijing Sohu Online Network Information Services, Ltd (or Beijing Sohu) was incorporated in the PRC in 1998 and engages in Internet information and wireless services in the PRC on behalf of the Company. The registered capital of Beijing Sohu is $242,000. Originally, Dr. Zhang and He Jinmei held 80% and 20% interests in Beijing Sohu, respectively. He Jinmei transferred all of her shares in Beijing Sohu to High Century in June 2005. As a result, Dr. Zhang and High Century hold 80% and 20% interests in Beijing Sohu, respectively. In February 2007, Beijing Sohu was liquidated, and all loans related to Beijing Sohu were repaid.
b) | High Century |
Beijing Century High Tech Investment Co., Ltd. (or High Century) was incorporated in the PRC in 2001 and engages in investment holding in the PRC on behalf of the Company. The registered capital of High Century is $4,595,000. Dr. Zhang and Li Wei, an employee of the Company, hold 80% and 20% interests in High Century, respectively.
c) | Sohu Entertainment |
Beijing Sohu Entertainment Culture Media Co., Ltd (or Sohu Entertainment), formerly known as Beijing Hengda Yitong Internet Technology Development Co., Ltd. (or Hengda) was incorporated in the PRC in 2002 and engages in Internet access and wireless services in the PRC on behalf of the Company. The registered capital of Sohu Entertainment is $1,210,000. Originally, High Century and Li Wei held 80% and 20% interests in Sohu Entertainment, respectively. In November 2004, to further satisfy PRC regulations, High Century and Li Wei transferred their interests in Sohu Entertainment to Wang Xin and Wang Jianjun, each of whom is an employee of the Company. As a result, Wang Xin and Wang Jianjun hold 80% and 20% interests in Sohu Entertainment, respectively.
d) | Sohu Internet |
Beijing Sohu Internet Information Service Co. Ltd. (or Sohu Internet) was incorporated in the PRC in 2003 and engages in Internet information, wireless and advertising services in the PRC on behalf of the Company. The original registered capital was $605,000, and High Century and He Jinmei held 80% and 20% interests in Sohu Internet, respectively. In December 2003, Sohu Entertainment made a $605,000 investment in Sohu Internet. In April 2005, He Jinmei transferred all her interests in Sohu Internet to High Century, and High Century made a $1,208,000 additional investment in Sohu Internet. As a result, the registered capital is now $2,418,000, with High Century and Sohu Entertainment holding 75% and 25% interests, respectively.
e) | Goodfeel |
Beijing Goodfeel Information Technology Co., Ltd. (or Goodfeel) was incorporated in the PRC in 2001 and engages in value-added telecommunication services in the PRC. The registered capital of Goodfeel is $1,208,000. In May 2004, High Century and Sohu Internet acquired 73% and 27% interests in Goodfeel, respectively. In July 2004, High Century and Sohu Internet invested $613,000 and $473,000 in Goodfeel, respectively, so that High Century owned a 58.1% interest in Goodfeel with the remaining 41.9% interest owned by Sohu Internet. In October 2004, to further satisfy PRC regulations, High Century and Sohu Internet transferred their interests in Goodfeel to Deng Xiufeng and Zhou Jing, each of whom is an employee of the Company. As a result, Deng Xiufeng and Zhou Jing own 58.1% and 41.9% interests in Goodfeel, respectively.
f) | Huohu |
Beijing Huohu Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (or Huohu) was incorporated in the PRC in 2005. Huohu engages in software and technology development for the games business. The registered capital of Huohu is $121,000. Beijing Sohu New Era Information Technology Co., Ltd. (or Sohu Era), one of the indirect China-based subsidiaries of the Company, and an employee of Huohu, hold 75% and 25% interests in Huohu, respectively. The Company provided the employee with a non-interest bearing loan of $32,000 to finance his capital contribution to Huohu. The loan is repayable upon demand by the Company at any time or upon termination of the employment of the employee and can only be repaid through transfer of the employees shares in Huohu to Sohu Era. Based on the arrangement between Sohu Era and the employee, Sohu Era is the sole and primary beneficiary of Houhu. Accordingly, Huohu is 100% consolidated into the financial statements of the Company.
g) | Tu Xing Tian Xia |
Beijing Tu Xing Tian Xia Information Consultancy Co., Ltd. (or Tu Xing Tian Xia) was incorporated in the PRC in 1999 and engages in mapping services in the PRC. The registered capital of Tu Xing Tian Xia is $248,000. In May 2005, in connection with the Companys acquisition of Go2Map, the Company designated High Century and Sohu Internet as its designees to purchase the outstanding registered capital of Tu Xing Tian Xia. As a result, High Century and Sohu Internet own 56.1% and 43.9% interests in Tu Xing Tian Xia, respectively.
h) | Feng Yang Tian Lang |
Beijing Feng Yang Tian Lang Advertising Co., Ltd. (or Feng Yang Tian Lang) was incorporated in the PRC in 2005 and engages in advertising services in the PRC. The registered capital of Feng Yang Tian Lang is $248,000. Sohu Internet and High Century each holds a 50% interest in Feng Yang Tian Lang.
i) | Sogou Information |
Beijing Sogou Information Services Co., Ltd. (or Sogou Information) was incorporated in the PRC in 2005 and engages in providing Internet information services in the PRC. The registered capital of Sogou Information is $2,480,000. Zhou Jing and Li Wei, each of whom is an employee of the Company, each owns a 50% interest in Sogou Information.
j) | Guangzhou Interactive |
Guangzhou Sohu Interactive Network Technology Co., Ltd (or Guangzhou Interactive) was incorporated in the PRC in 2006 and engages in providing Internet information services in Guangdong Province. The registered capital of Guangzhou Interactive is $631,000. Sohu Internet and High Century each holds a 50% interests in Guangzhou Interactive.
Pursuant to FIN 46R, Beijing Sohu, High Century, Sohu Entertainment, Sohu Internet, Goodfeel, Huohu, Tu Xing Tian Xia, Feng Yang Tian Lang, Sogou Information and Guangzhou Interactive are VIEs, of which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the VIEs have been consolidated in the Companys financial statements. As of March 31, 2007, the above VIEs have aggregate accumulated profits of approximately $7.0 million which have been reflected in the consolidated financial statements.
7. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The following table summarizes related party transactions during the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively (in thousands):
Name or Description of Related Party |
Description of Transactions |
Accounting Caption |
Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Qingfan, a company controlled by Dr. Zhangs brother |
Delivery service provided by Qingfan |
Cost of revenues | $ | | $ | 18 | ||||
An investee of the Company |
Amortization of licensing fee |
Product development expenses |
| 26 | ||||||
Revenue sharing |
Cost of revenues |
378 | 446 |
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8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Companys China-based subsidiaries and VIEs, Sohu Era, Sohu Internet, Sogou Information, Beijing Sogou Technology Development Co., Ltd. (Sogou Technology) and Beijing Sohu New Media Information Technology Co., Ltd. (Sohu Media) enjoy tax benefits which are available to new technology enterprises. The effective income tax rate for new technology enterprises registered and operating in Beijing Zhongguancun Science Park is 15%, while the local income tax will be exempted as long as the enterprise holds the status of a new technology enterprise. New technology enterprises are exempted from Chinese state corporate income tax for three years, beginning with their first year of operations, and are entitled to a 50% tax reduction, at the rate of 7.5%, for the subsequent three years. Sohu Era and Sohu Internet were incorporated in 2003 and, providing there is no change in their status as a new technology enterprise or a change in the relevant regulations, are subject to an income tax rate of 0% in 2003 to 2005, 7.5% in 2006 to 2008 and 15% thereafter. Sogou Information was incorporated in 2005, Sogou Technology and Sohu Media were incorporated in 2006 and, providing there is no change in their status as a new technology enterprise or a change in the relevant regulations, are subject to an income tax rate of 0% in 2006 to 2008, 7.5% in 2009 to 2011 and 15% thereafter. To be considered a new technology enterprise under current PRC law, a company must: (i) operate in the high-tech industry (which includes the information technology industry); (ii) be incorporated and operate in Beijing Zhongguancun Science Park; (iii) receive 60% of its revenue from high-tech products or services; and (iv) have at least 20% of its employees involved in technology development. New technology enterprises are subject to annual inspection to determine whether they continue to meet these requirements. If Sohu Era, Sohu Internet, Sogou Information, Sogou Technology and Sohu Media did not meet the requirements of a new technology enterprise, they could be subject to enterprise income tax in China at rates up to 33%, which could cause a significant reduction in the Companys after-tax income.
In March 2007, the Chinese government promulgated the Corporate Income Tax Law which will be effective from January 1, 2008. The Corporate Income Tax Law will impose a unified income tax rate of 25% for both domestic and foreign invested enterprise. The existing tax laws, which stipulated income tax rates for domestic and foreign invested enterprises at different rates, will be abolished simultaneously. Currently, the Companys China-based subsidiaries and VIEs are subject to the tax rates under the existing tax laws. The Corporate Income Tax Law provides for a 5-year transitional period for those entities that were subject to FIE and FE tax laws in previous years. The reduced income tax rate for new technology enterprises remains at 15% under the Corporate Income Tax Law. However, the qualifying criteria of a new technology enterprise under the new law and detailed implementation rules have not been released. The Company will continue to assess the impact of such new law in the future. If any of Sohu Era, Sohu Internet, Sogou Information, Sogou Technology or Sohu Media does not meet the requirements of a new technology enterprise under the new Corporate Income Tax Law, its tax rate will eventually become 25%.
The Chinese market in which the Company operates poses certain macro-economic and regulatory risks and uncertainties. These uncertainties extend to the ability of the Company to operate an Internet business, and to conduct brand advertising, sponsored search, wireless and online game services in the PRC. Though the PRC has, since 1978, implemented a wide range of market-oriented economic reforms, continued reforms and progress towards a full market-oriented economy are uncertain. In addition, the telecommunication, information, and media industries remain highly regulated. Restrictions are currently in place and are unclear with respect to which segments of these industries foreign owned entities, like the Company, may operate. The Chinese government may issue from time to time new laws or new interpretations of existing laws to regulate areas such as telecommunication, information and media. Regulatory risks also encompass the interpretation by the tax authorities of current tax laws and regulations, including the applicability of certain preferential tax treatments. The Companys legal structure and scope of operations in China could be subjected to restrictions which could result in severe limits to the Companys ability to conduct business in the PRC.
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The Companys sales, purchase and expense transactions are generally denominated in RMB and a significant portion of the Companys assets and liabilities are denominated in RMB. The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. In China, foreign exchange transactions are required by law to be transacted only by authorized financial institutions. Remittances in currencies other than RMB by the Companys subsidiaries in China may require certain supporting documentation in order to effect the remittance.
From time to time, the Company becomes subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of our business, including claims of alleged infringement of trademarks, copyrights and other intellectual property rights in connection with the content published on our Websites. The Company provides for the amount of loss, if there is information available prior to issuance of the Companys financial statements indicating that it is probable that a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated.
The Company has entered in certain sponsorship agreements, under which the Company is obliged to provide advertising services and Website construction, operation and maintenance services to third parties during the contract periods.
As of March 31, 2007, the Company had future minimum content and service purchase commitments of $11.1 million, $4.4 million and $1.0 million for the years ended March 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. As of March 31, 2007, the Company had made certain deposits into restricted bank accounts as guarantees to meet the requirements under those contracts.
ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
As used in this report, references to us, we, our, our company, Sohu and Sohu.com are to Sohu.com Inc. and, except where the context requires otherwise, our subsidiaries, Sohu.com (Hong Kong) Limited (or Sohu Hong Kong), Sohu.com Limited, Kylie Enterprises Limited, All Honest International Limited, Marvel Hero Limited, Go2Map Inc., Sohu.com (Search) Limited, Sogou Inc., Sogou (BVI) Limited, 21 East Entertainment Limited (or 21 East HK), Sohu ITC Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (or Beijing ITC), Beijing Sohu New Era Information Technology Co., Ltd. (or Sohu Era), Beijing Sohu Interactive Software Co., Ltd. (or Sohu Software), Go2Map Software (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (or Go2Map Software), Beijing Sogou Technology Development Co., Ltd. (or Sogou Technology) and Beijing Sohu New Media Information Technology Co., Ltd. (or Sohu Media), and our VIEs Beijing Century High Tech Investment Co., Ltd. (or High Century), Beijing Sohu Entertainment Culture Media Co., Ltd. (or Sohu Entertainment, formerly known as Beijing Hengda Yitong Internet Technology Development Co., Ltd. (or Hengda)), Beijing Sohu Internet Information Service Co., Ltd. (or Sohu Internet), Beijing Goodfeel Information Technology Co., Ltd. (or Goodfeel), Beijing Huohu Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (or Huohu), Beijing Tu Xing Tian Xia Information Consultancy Co., Ltd. (or Tu Xing Tian Xia), Beijing Feng Yang Tian Lang Advertising Co., Ltd (or Feng Yang Tian Lang), Beijing Sogou Information Services Co., Ltd. (or Sogou Information), Guangzhou Sohu Interactive Network Technology Co., Ltd. (or Guangzhou Interactive) and Beijing 21 East Culture Development Co., Ltd (or 21 East Beijing), and these references should be interpreted accordingly. Unless otherwise specified, references to China or PRC refer to the Peoples Republic of China and do not include the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macau Special Administrative Region or Taiwan. This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions or future strategies that are signified by the words expect, anticipate, intend, believe, or similar language. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information
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available to us on the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Our business and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. In evaluating our business, you should carefully consider the information set forth below under the caption Risk Factors. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.
OVERVIEW
We are a leading online media, search and mobile value-added services company providing comprehensive online products and services to consumers and businesses in China, through our comprehensive matrices of web properties, consisting of the mass portal and leading online media destination www.sohu.com; interactive search engine www.sogou.com; the leading online alumni club www.chinaren.com; the leading games information portal www.17173.com; one of the top real estate Websites www.focus.cn; the wireless value-added services provider www.goodfeel.com.cn; and a leading online mapping service Website www.go2map.com. We offer our user community very broad choices regarding information, entertainment, communication and wireless services. We derive revenue primarily through the sale of brand advertising, sponsored search, wireless and online games services. We also sponsor major events to further enhance our viewership and create a positive branding impact.
We were incorporated in the state of Delaware in August 1996 as Internet Technologies China Incorporated, and launched our original Website, itc.com.cn, in January 1997. During 1997, we developed the Sohu online directory, search engine and related technology infrastructure, and also focused on recruiting personnel, raising capital and aggregating content to attract and retain users. In February 1998, we re-launched our Website under the domain name sohu.com. In September 1999, we re-named our company Sohu.com Inc. Our business operations are conducted primarily through our indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, Sohu Era, Sohu Software, Go2Map Software, Sogou Technology and Sohu Media and our VIEs, High Century, Sohu Entertainment, Sohu Internet, Goodfeel, Huohu, Tu Xing Tian Xia, Feng Yang Tian Lang, Sogou Information, Guangzhou Interactive and 21 East Beijing.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND MANAGEMENT ESTIMATES
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe accounting for brand advertising and sponsored search revenues, accounting for wireless revenues and cost of revenues, gross versus net basis of revenue recognition, determination of functional currencies, allowance for doubtful accounts, assessment of impairment for goodwill, intangible assets, fixed assets and other assets, determination of share-based compensation expense, and assessment of current income tax position and valuation allowance against deferred tax assets, represent critical accounting policies that reflect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
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Revenue Recognition
Advertising Revenues
Advertising revenues include revenues from brand advertising and sponsored search services, after deducting agent rebates and applicable business tax. No revenues from advertising-for-advertising barter transactions were recognized.
Brand advertising contracts establish the fixed price and advertising services to be provided. Pursuant to brand advertising contracts, we provide advertisement placements on various Website channels and in different formats, including but not limited to banners, links, logos, buttons, rich media and content integration. Revenue is recognized ratably over the period the advertising is provided and, as such, we consider the services to have been delivered. We treat all elements of advertising contracts as a single unit of accounting for revenue recognition purposes. Based upon our credit assessments of our customers prior to entering into contracts, we determine if collectibility is reasonably assured. In situations where collectibility is not deemed to be reasonably assured, we recognize revenue upon payment from the customer.
Sponsorship contracts may include services similar to those in our brand advertising contracts, are generally for larger dollar amounts and for a longer period of time, may allow advertisers to sponsor a particular area on our Websites, may include brand affiliation services and/or a larger volume of services, and may require some exclusivity or premier placements. Sponsorship advertisement revenues are normally recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract period, provided we are meeting our obligations under the contract.
Pursuant to sponsored search contracts, which are normally for relatively small dollar amounts and are with small and medium sized enterprises, sponsored search services mainly include priority placements in our search directory, listing in our classified advertisements section and pay-for-click services consisting of displaying the text-based links of our advertisers on our Websites and our Website Alliance network. We normally provide priority placements services and listing in our classified advertisements section for a fixed fee over the service period of the contracts. Revenues on priority placements and listing in our classified advertisements section are normally recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract period provided we are meeting our obligation under the contract. Pay-for-click services of displaying the text-based links to our advertisers Websites are charged on a cost per click basis, so that an advertiser pays us only when a user clicks on the displayed link. The priority of the display of text-based links is based on the bidding price of different advertisers. Revenues from the pay-for-click services are recognized as the users click on the links.
Material differences could result in the amount and timing of our advertising revenue for any period if management made different judgments or utilized different estimates.
Non-Advertising Revenues
Non-advertising revenues include revenues principally from wireless and online game services.
Wireless revenues are derived from providing short messaging services (or SMS), Wireless Application Protocol (or WAP), Ring Back Tone (or RBT), multimedia messaging services (or MMS) and interactive voice response (or IVR), mainly consisting of news, weather forecast, chatting, entertainment information, music, ring tone, picture and logo downloads and various other mobile related products provided to mobile phone users. Wireless service fees are charged on a monthly or per message/download basis. Wireless revenues and cost of revenues are recognized in the month in which the service is performed, provided no significant obligations from Sohu remain. We rely on mobile network operators in China to bill mobile phone users for wireless service fees. In order to meet ownership requirements under PRC law which restrict or prohibit wholly foreign owned enterprises from providing Internet information and value-added telecommunication services such as wireless, we rely on Sohu Internet and Goodfeel to contract with the mobile network operators. Generally, (i) within 15 to 90 days after the end of each month, Sohu Internet or Goodfeel receives statements from each of the operators confirming the amount of wireless service charges billed to that operators mobile phone users and (ii) within 30 to 180 days after delivering monthly statements, each operator remits the wireless service fees, net of its service
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fees, for the month to Sohu Internet or Goodfeel. In order to recognize revenue and be paid for services provided, we rely on billing confirmations from the mobile network operators as to the actual amount of services they have billed to their mobile customers. We are unable to collect certain wireless services fees from an operator in certain circumstances due to technical issues with the operators network. This is referred to as the failure rate, which can vary from operator to operator. At the end of each reporting period, where an operator has not provided Sohu Internet or Goodfeel with the monthly statements for any month confirming the amount of wireless service charges billed to that operators mobile phone users for the month, Sohu, using information generated from its own internal system and historical data, makes estimates of the failure rate and collectable wireless service fees and accrues revenue accordingly. The quarterly historical differences in our estimated revenue which was recorded in the financial statements compared to the actual revenue have ranged from an underestimation of $535,000 (gross margin underestimate of $326,000) to an overestimation of $340,000 (gross margin overestimate of $171,000) since 2002 when wireless revenues began representing a significant portion of our total revenues. We believe we have the ability to make a reasonable estimate. However, differences between the actual failure rate per an operators statement and our internal records could result in material differences in the amount and timing of our revenue and cost of non-advertising revenue for any period. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, 73% of our estimated wireless revenues were confirmed by the monthly statements received from the mobile network operators.
Our management must determine whether to record our wireless revenues using the gross or net method of reporting. Determining whether revenue should be reported gross or net is based on an assessment of various factors, principally whether Sohu is acting as the principal in offering services to the customer or whether Sohu is acting as an agent in the transaction. To the extent Sohu is acting as a principal in a transaction, Sohu reports as revenue the payments received on a gross basis, and reports as costs of revenue the amounts attributable to services provided by mobile network operators and other vendors. To the extent Sohu is acting as an agent in a transaction, Sohu reports on a net basis reporting as revenue the payments received less commission and other payments to third parties. The determination of whether Sohu is serving as principal or agent in a transaction is judgmental in nature and based on an evaluation of the terms of an arrangement.
Based on our assessment, the majority of our wireless revenues are recorded on a gross basis. We have primary responsibility for fulfillment and acceptability of the wireless services. The content and nature of the wireless services are designed and developed by us (either independently or with third parties) and originate from our Websites, our links located on third parties Websites, or one of our dedicated phone numbers. The mobile network operators that we contract with to deliver these services to the end customers are not involved in the design or development of the services that are provided by us. The end customer purchases the wireless content, community access or value-added services, such as news, weather forecast, chatting, entertainment information, music, ring tone, picture and logo downloads that Sohu provides. The end customer receives identical services from us regardless of which mobile network operator is used to deliver the message. In addition, we provide customer services to the end customers directly and we could be requested by the mobile network operators to assume the credit risk if the operators are not able to collect fees from the end customers. Sohu has determined that in addition to the indicators of gross reporting, there are also certain indicators of net reporting, including the fact that the mobile network operators set maximum prices that Sohu can charge and that the mobile network operators also have the right to set requirements and procedures associated with using their platform. However, Sohu has determined that the gross revenue reporting indicators are stronger, because Sohu is the primary obligor, adds value to the products, has inventory risk related to content and products, and has reasonable pricing latitude.
To the extent revenues are recorded gross, any commission or other payment to third parties are recorded as costs or expenses so that the net amount (gross revenues, less costs and expenses) flows through to operating income. Accordingly, the impact on operating income is the same whether Sohu records the revenue on a gross or net basis.
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Functional Currency
Our functional currency is the US Dollar. The functional currency of our subsidiaries and VIEs in China is RMB. An entitys functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates; normally, that is the currency of the environment in which it primarily generates and expends cash. Managements judgment is essential in determination of the functional currency by assessing various indicators, such as cash flows, sales price and market, expenses, financing and inter-company transactions and arrangements. Assets and liabilities of the China subsidiaries and VIEs are translated into US Dollar, our reporting currency, at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Foreign currency translation adjustments are not included in determining net income for the period but are accumulated in a separate component of consolidated equity on the balance sheet. The accumulated foreign currency translation adjustment as of March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 was a gain of $6.0 million and $5.2 million, respectively.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivables
Our management must make estimates of the collectibility of our accounts receivables. Management specifically analyzes accounts receivables, historical bad debts, customer credit-worthiness, current economic trends and changes in our customer payment terms when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. Our accounts receivable balance was $29.1 million, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1.6 million as of March 31, 2007. If the financial condition of Sohus customers or mobile network operators were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability to make payments, or the mobile network operators requested that we assume additional bad debts as a result of the operators inability to collect fees from end customers, additional allowance might be required.
Impairment on Long-Lived Assets
Our long-lived assets include goodwill, intangible assets, fixed assets and other assets. We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment) on an annual basis, and between annual tests when an event occurs or circumstances change that could more likely than not reduce the fair value of goodwill below its carrying value. Application of a goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, assigning goodwill to reporting units, and determining the fair value of each reporting unit. Significant judgments required to estimate the fair value of reporting units include estimating future cash flows, determining appropriate discount rates and making other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value for each reporting unit. Any impairment losses recorded in the future could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. As of March 31, 2007, we did not believe that any event or change of circumstances had occurred that would result in material impairment losses in goodwill.
In respect of our intangible assets, which mainly comprise domain names, trademarks, customer lists and computer software purchased from unrelated third parties, we amortize the costs over their expected future economic lives. Fixed assets comprise office building, computer equipment, office furniture and equipment, vehicles and leasehold improvement, and are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets on a straight-line basis. Other assets mainly include long-term prepayment for content purchases and rental deposits. Management judgment is required in the assessment of the economic lives of intangible assets and useful lives of the fixed assets and other assets. Based on the existence of one or more indicators of impairment, we measure any impairment of intangible assets, fixed assets and other assets based on a projected discounted cash flow method using a discount rate determined by our management to commensurate with the risk inherent in our business model. An impairment charge would be recorded if we determined that the carrying value of intangible assets, fixed assets or other assets may not be recoverable. Our estimates of future cash flows require significant judgment based on our historical results and anticipated results and are subject to many factors. As of March 31, 2007, we were not aware of any indication of impairment of our intangible assets, fixed assets and other assets.
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Share-Based Compensation
Effective from January 1, 2006, we adopted SFAS 123(R), which requires all share-based payments to employees and directors, including grants of employee stock options and restricted stock units, to be recognized in the financial statements based on their grant date fair values. The valuation provisions of SFAS 123(R) apply to new awards, to awards granted to employees and directors before the adoption of SFAS 123(R) whose related requisite services had not been provided, and to awards which were subsequently modified or cancelled. In March 2005, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, Share-Based Payment (or SAB 107) regarding the SECs interpretation of SFAS 123(R) and the valuation of share-based payments for public companies. We have applied the provisions of SAB 107 in its adoption of SFAS 123(R). Prior to SFAS 123(R), we accounted for share-based payments in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinions No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (or APB 25), and complied with the disclosure provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (or SFAS 123). In general, compensation cost under APB 25 was recognized based on the difference, if any, between the estimated fair value of our common stock and the amount an employee must pay to acquire the stock, as determined on the date the option is granted.
As of January 1, 2006, we adopted SFAS 123(R) using the modified prospective method. The fair value of the options granted before January 1, 2006 is determined based on the Black-Scholes valuation model, which is consistent with the valuation techniques utilized when we prepared pro forma information under SFAS 123. Restricted stock units are measured based on the fair market values of the underlying stock on the dates of grant. Fair value of the share-based awards is recognized as share-based compensation cost over the requisite service period, net of estimated forfeitures on an accelerated basis under SFAS 123(R).
The determination of the fair value of share-based awards and related share-based compensation expense requires input of subjective assumptions, including but not limited to the valuation model adopted, risk-free interest rate, expected life of the share-based awards, stock price volatility, and expected forfeiture rate. The selection of an appropriate valuation technique or model depends on the substantive characteristics of the instrument being valued. Risk free interest rates are decided based on the yield to maturity of US government bonds as at respective dates of grant of options. Expected life is the number of years that we estimate, based primarily on the history, using plain-vanilla method, that options will be outstanding prior to settlement. Volatility is measured using historical daily price changes of our stock over the respective expected life of the option. Forfeiture rate is estimated based on historical forfeiture pattern and adjusted in accordance with our expectation for the future.
Our input assumptions were based on historical experience, with consideration to developing expectations about the future. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based awards and related share-based compensation represent managements best estimations, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. As a result, if factors change or we utilize different assumptions, our share-based compensation expense could be materially different for any period.
Current Income Tax Position and Valuation Allowance against Deferred Tax Assets
We estimate income tax expense in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate for each period presented, including estimating our current tax exposure as well as assessing realizable deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities.
As of March 31, 2007, the majority of our deferred tax assets are related to net operating losses that would apply to United States income taxes. As substantially all of our income is earned in China, and we do not intend in the foreseeable future to repatriate this income to the United States where it would be taxable, it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets resulting from net operating losses will not be realized. The remaining deferred tax assets are related to China-based subsidiaries and VIEs, resulting from net
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operating losses and temporary differences between accounting and tax base. We believe that it is more likely than not that the balance will not be realized. We have recorded a valuation allowance against our gross deferred tax assets in order to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. If events were to occur in the future that would allow us to realize more of our deferred tax assets than the presently recorded net amount, an adjustment would be made to the deferred tax assets that would increase income for the period when those events occurred. If events were to occur in the future that would require us to realize less of our deferred tax assets than the presently recorded net amount, an adjustment would be made to the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets that would decrease income for the period when those events occurred.
Significant management judgment is required in determining income tax expense, and deferred tax assets and liabilities.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2007 AND 2006
In order to focus on our core revenue source of online advertising, on June 20, 2006 we discontinued our unprofitable e-commerce business. As a result of the discontinuation of this business, the e-commerce business is accounted for as a discontinued operation. Accordingly, our statements of operations separate the discontinued operation for all periods presented.
REVENUES
Total revenues were $33.1 million and $30.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Advertising Revenues
Advertising revenues are derived principally from brand advertising and sponsored search.
Advertising revenues were $25.6 million and $20.1 million, or 77% and 66% of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, advertising revenues consisted of revenues from brand advertising of $23.5 million, and revenues from sponsored search of $2.1 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2006, advertising revenues consisted of revenues from brand advertising of $16.7 million, and revenues from sponsored search of $3.4 million.
Brand advertising. Brand advertising revenues increased by $6.8 million to $23.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 as compared to $16.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. The increase of $6.8 million from 2006 to 2007 consisted of: (i) a $6.9 million increase from advertisers who advertised with us during the three months ended March 31, 2007 but did not advertise on our Website channels during the three months ended March 31, 2006; (ii) a $4.8 million increase in revenues from the advertisers who advertised with us in the three months ended March 31, 2006 and continued to do so in the three months ended March 31, 2007; and (iii) a $4.9 million decrease in revenues as some of the advertisers who advertised with us during the three months ended March 31, 2006 did not advertise on our Website channels during the three months ended March 31, 2007. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of total brand advertising revenues for each of the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006. As of March 31, 2007 and 2006, we had $1.9 million and $1.1 million of receipt in advance from advertisers, respectively. We have not recorded any revenue from advertising-for-advertising barter transactions.
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For the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, we recorded brand advertising revenues of approximately $267,000 and $40,000, respectively, from Fujian Tian Qing Digital Co., Ltd. (or Fujian Tian Qing), formerly known as NetDragon Websoft Inc., in connection with its advertisements on our 17173.com Website. Those advertising services are provided pursuant to a three-year advertising framework agreement expiring in November 2006. In December 2006, the advertising framework agreement had been extended to November 2009. Fujian Tian Qing was the previous owner of 17173.com Website prior to our acquisition of 17173.com.
We expect brand advertising revenues to increase in the second quarter of 2007 as compared to the first quarter of 2007.
Sponsored search. Sponsored search revenues decreased by $1.3 million to $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 as compared to $3.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. Sponsored search services primarily include priority placements in our search directory and listing in our classified advertisement section, in addition to pay-for-click services of displaying the text-based links of our advertisers on our Websites and our Website Alliance network. We normally provide priority placement services and listings in our classified advertisement section for a fixed fee over a period. Pay-for-click services displaying the text-based links to our advertisers Websites charged on a cost-per-click basis, so that an advertiser pays us only when a user clicks on the displayed link on our Websites or on our Website Alliance network. The priority of the display of text-based links is based on the bidding price of different advertisers. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, revenues from priority placement services and our classified advertisement section amounted to $1.5 million, a 38% decrease from the three months ended March 31, 2006. The decrease in revenue from priority placement services was mainly due to the gradual market migration from preference for fixed fee listings to pay-for-click listings. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, revenues from pay-for-click services amounted to $0.6 million, a 43% decrease from the three months ended March 31, 2006. Revenues from pay-for-click services accounted for approximately 28% of the total sponsored search revenues in the first quarter of 2007 as compared to 30% in the first quarter of 2006. The decrease in revenues from pay-for-click services mainly resulted from our efforts to further strengthen our anti-fraudulent click-through technology in the second half of 2006 which resulted in a decrease in average click-through rates. We believe the improved anti-fraudulent click-through technology will provide benefits to our sponsored search business in the long run. In addition, the late 2007 Chinese New Year further reduced advertising spending by small and medium-sized enterprises as compared with 2006.
Non-advertising Revenues
Non-advertising revenues are derived principally from wireless and other services.
Non-advertising revenues were $7.5 million and $10.3 million, or 23% and 34% of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, non-advertising revenues consisted of revenues from wireless of $5.6 million and from other services of $1.9 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2006, non-advertising revenues consisted of revenues from wireless of $8.0 million and from other services of $2.3 million.
Wireless. Our wireless revenues include SMS, WAP, RBT, MMS and IVR services. Our wireless services include news, weather forecast, chatting, entertainment information, music, ring tone, picture and logo downloads and various other related products provided to mobile phone users. Most of our services are charged on a monthly or per message/download basis. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, we normally charged monthly fees ranging from $0.065 to $3.876 and per message/download fee ranging from approximately $0.006 to $0.517.
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For the three months ended March 31, 2007, our wireless revenues decreased by $2.4 million to $5.6 million as compared to $8.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006, primarily due to a decrease of $2.0 million in SMS revenues and a decrease of $1.1 million in WAP, MMS and IVR revenues. This decrease was partially offset by an increase of $0.7 million in RBT revenues. The decrease in SMS revenues was primarily due to ongoing negative impact of policies such as double confirmation, billing reminders and details of promotion adopted by SPs issued by mobile network operators in July 2006. In January 2007, CMCC launched its own WAP channel, WAP Premier Select, which is placed in more prominent positions, and distracted traffic from us. Accordingly, our WAP revenue was decreased.
Assuming that there are no further regulatory changes, we expect wireless revenues to increase in the second quarter of 2007.
Others. Other services mainly consist of online game services and sales of software to third parties. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, online game revenues were $1.6 million, and revenues from the sales of software and applications service provider (or ASP) services was $87,000. Our online game revenue decreased by $0.5 million as compared with $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006 was mainly attributed to the termination of services related to Knight Online game in November 2006.
COSTS AND EXPENSES
Cost of Revenues
Total cost of revenues was $13.0 million and $10.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Cost of Advertising Revenues
Cost of advertising revenues increased by $4.3 million to $9.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 as compared to $5.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006.
Brand advertising. Cost of brand advertising revenues includes personnel costs and overheads relating to our editorial center, content purchases, payments to our business partners, relevant depreciation of servers and computer equipment and bandwidth leasing costs. Cost of brand advertising revenues was $8.1 million and $4.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The increase of $3.8 million consisted of a $1.4 million increase in content purchases, a $0.9 million increase in personnel expense, a $0.6 increase in bandwidth leasing costs due to increased traffic of our Websites, a $0.4 increase in payments to our business partners, a $0.4 million increase in servers depreciation expense, and a $0.1 million increase in other costs. Our brand advertising gross margin for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 was 65% and 74%, respectively. The decrease was mainly because of increased spending on content purchases to obtain premier, differentiated and exclusive content, including video content, partnerships or sponsorships.
Sponsored search. Cost of sponsored search revenues consisted primarily of payments to our Website Alliance, relevant depreciation of servers and computer equipment, bandwidth leasing costs, personnel cost and data collection cost. Cost of sponsored search revenues was $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 as compared to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. The increase in cost of sponsored search revenues resulted from an increase of $452,000 in relevant depreciation and bandwidth leasing costs, and a $48,000 increase in personnel expense and payment to Website Alliances.
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Cost of Non-advertising Revenues
Cost of non-advertising revenues decreased by $1.3 million to $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 as compared to $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006.
Wireless. Cost of wireless revenues mainly consists of collection and wireless transmission charges paid to mobile network operators, expenses related to complaints based on allegations of breaches of certain provisions of our agreements with mobile network operators, fees or royalties paid to third party content providers for services and content associated with our wireless services, payments to third party wireless service alliances, relevant depreciation of servers and computer equipment and bandwidth leasing costs. Cost of wireless revenues decreased by $1.2 million to $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 as compared to $3.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. The decrease in cost of wireless revenues resulted from a decrease of $1.6 million in collection charges, transmission charges and expenses related to penalties paid to mobile network operators, which were offset by a $0.4 million increase in amounts paid to third party wireless service alliances and content providers. The collection and transmission charges vary between mobile network operators and include a gateway fee of $0.003 to $0.026 per message, depending on the volume of the monthly total wireless messages, and a collection fee of 15% to 55% of total fees collected by mobile network operators from mobile phone users and paid to us in the first quarter of 2007. Our wireless gross margins were 53% and 52% for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Others. Cost of revenues for other services, was $693,000 and $792,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, consisting mainly of payments to game developers, personnel and other expenses in connection with sale of software business and provision of ASP services.
Product Development Expenses
Product development expenses increased by $0.7 million to $4.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to $4.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. The increase was primarily due to a $525,000 increase in personnel expenses resulting from increases in headcount and salaries and a $303,000 increase in share-based compensation expense under SFAS 123(R), offset by a $128,000 decrease in other expenses.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing expenses increased by $0.9 million to $7.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 as compared to $6.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. The increase primarily consists of a $656,000 increase in advertising and promotion expense, which included the relevant expenses associated with our exclusive Olympic sponsorship in the Internet Content Services category, a $198,000 increase in traveling and entertainment expenses, and a $46,000 increase in other expenses.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses increased by $0.3 million to $3.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 as compared to $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. The increase was primarily due to the increase of share-based compensation expense under SFAS 123(R) of $382,000, and was offset by a $82,000 decrease in other expenses.
Amortization of Intangible Assets
Amortization of intangible assets was $379,000 and $509,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, which were mainly related to the acquisitions of the 17173.com, Focus.cn, Goodfeel and Go2Map.
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Operating Profit
As a result of the foregoing, our operating profit decreased by $2.1 million to $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to $6.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. The operating profit for the three months ended March 31, 2007 included $2.5 million of share-based compensation expense, as compared to $1.7 million of share-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2006.
Other Expenses
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, other expenses of $120,000 mainly consisted of $124,000 amortization of the offering costs of our zero coupon convertible senior notes issued in July 2003. For the three months ended March 31, 2006, other expenses of $68,000 mainly consisted of $155,000 amortization of the offering costs of our zero coupon convertible senior notes issued in July 2003, which was offset by our share of profits of $38,000 from our investment in Pixel, an associate and $49,000 of miscellaneous other income.
Interest Income
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, interest income was $769,000, as compared to $529,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2006. The increase was mainly due to an increase in market interest rates and RMB appreciation.
Income Tax Expense
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, income tax expense was $282,000 as compared with $443,000 for the same period in 2006. The decrease of income tax expense was mainly attributed to the decrease of taxable income.
Most of our income is earned by our China-based subsidiaries and VIEs. Our China-based subsidiaries and VIEs, Sohu Era, Sohu Internet, Sogou Information, Sogou Technology and Sohu Media enjoy tax benefits which are available to new technology enterprises. Furthermore, they are exempted from Chinese state corporate income tax for three years, beginning with their first year of operations, and are entitled to a 50% tax reduction at the rate of 7.5% for the subsequent three years and 15% thereafter.
Income earned in the United States, where Sohu.com Inc. is incorporated, is subject to taxation at 34% or 35%. For the foreseeable future, we anticipate the major source of income earned in the United States and subject to United States taxation to be interest income. If dividends are paid by our China or other non-U.S. subsidiaries to Sohu.com Inc., the dividends would be taxed at Sohu.com Inc.s rate of taxation which is 34% or 35% (as reduced by any applicable deemed-paid foreign tax credits for foreign income taxes paid by such subsidiaries). For the foreseeable future, we do not intend for the China or other non-U.S. subsidiaries to pay dividends to Sohu.com Inc.
Minority Interests
On October 31, 2006, we completed the acquisition of a 70% interest in 21 East HK and 21 East Beijing (collectively 21 East), an entertainment company. The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase business combination and the results of operations from the acquisition date have been included in our consolidated financial statements, resulting in minority interests of $12,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2007.
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Net Income from Continuing Operations
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, income from continuing operations was $4.4 million, as compared to $6.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006.
Gain (loss) from Discontinued E-commerce Operations
On June 20, 2006, we discontinued our e-commerce business. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, gain from discontinued e-commerce operations of $7,000 was mainly from collection of receivables that had been provided bad debt for. For the three months ended March 31, 2006, loss from discontinued e-commerce operations was $165,000.
Net Income
As a result of the foregoing, we had net income of $4.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to net income of $6.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. The net profit for the three months ended March 31, 2007 included $2.5 million of share-based compensation expense under SFAS 123(R), as compared to $1.7 million of share-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2006.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
We have financed our operations and capital expenditures principally through private sales of equity securities, the initial public offering of our common stock, a private placement of zero coupon convertible senior notes, and cash provided by operations. From inception through March 31, 2007, we have raised net proceeds of $39.2 million through the sale of preferred stock in private placements, $52.4 million from the sale of common stock in our initial public offering and $87.4 million through the sale of zero coupon convertible senior notes.
We completed a private placement on July 14, 2003 of $90.0 million principal amount of zero coupon convertible senior notes due July 2023, which resulted in net proceeds to Sohu of approximately $87.4 million after deduction of the initial purchasers discount and our offering expenses. The notes do not pay any interest, have a zero yield to maturity, and are convertible into Sohus common stock at a conversion price of $44.76 per share, subject to adjustment for dividends, distributions, and upon the occurrence of certain other events. Each $1,000 principal of the notes is initially convertible into 22.3414 shares of Sohus common stock. Each holder of the notes will have the right, at the holders option, to require Sohu to repurchase all or any portion of the principal amount of the holders notes on July 14 in 2007, 2013 and 2018 at a price equal to 100% of the outstanding principal amount. Sohu may also redeem all or a portion of the notes for cash at any time on or after July 14, 2008 at 100% of the principal amount of the notes if the closing price of Sohus common stock for each of the 30 consecutive trading days prior to such time was at least 130% of the conversion price or at such time at least 90% of the initial aggregate principal amount of the notes has been converted, repurchased or redeemed. In addition, upon a change of control event, each holder of the notes may require Sohu to repurchase some or all of its notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes. In 2005 and 2006, we early redeemed our zero coupon convertible senior notes with a face value of $30,220,000 at a discount. As of March 31, 2007, the outstanding balance of our zero coupon convertible senior notes was $59.8 million.
In summary, our cash flows were (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31, |
||||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
$ | 3,775 | $ | 4,775 | ||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(38,043 | ) | (1,908 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
1,508 | 1,026 | ||||||
Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents |
577 | 546 | ||||||
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |
(32,183 | ) | 4,439 | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
124,756 | 119,091 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ | 92,573 | $ | 123,530 | ||||
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For the three months ended March 31, 2007, net cash provided by operating activities was $3.8 million, and was primarily attributable to our net income of $4.5 million, depreciation and amortization of $3.0 million, share-based compensation of $2.5 million, provision for allowance for doubtful accounts of $427,000, which were offset by a $6.6 million decrease in working capital. For the three months ended March 31, 2006, net cash provided by operating activities was $4.8 million, and was primarily attributable to our net income of $6.0 million, depreciation and amortization of $2.3 million, share-based compensation of $1.7 million, provision for allowance for doubtful accounts of $237,000, which were offset by a $5.4 million decrease in working capital.
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, net cash used in investing activities was $38.0 million, and was primarily attributable to $38.4 million used in acquiring fixed assets, $0.6 million used in other acquisitions, and was offset by a $1.0 million decrease in restricted cash. For the three months ended March 31, 2006, net cash used in investing activities was $1.9 million, and was primarily attributable to $1.9 million used in acquiring fixed assets.
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, $1.5 million net cash provided by financing activities was primarily attributable to issuance of common stock upon the exercise of options granted under our stock incentive plan. For the three months ended March 31, 2006, $1.0 million net cash provided by financing activities was from issuance of common stock upon the exercise of options granted under our stock incentive plan.
As of March 31, 2007, we had cash and cash equivalents of $92.6 million, and investments in marketable debt securities of $4.9 million, totaling approximately $97.5 million as compared to $129.7 million as of December 31, 2006.
We believe that our current total cash balance will be sufficient to meet anticipated working capital needs (net cash used in operating activities), commitments and capital expenditures for at least the next twelve months. We may, however, require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue.
RISK FACTORS
Risks Related to Our Business
We are a relatively young company subject to the risks associated with operating in a new and evolving market.
As a relatively young company in the new and rapidly evolving PRC Internet market, we face numerous risks and uncertainties. Some of these risks relate to our ability to:
| continue to attract a larger audience to our matrices of Web properties and proprietary search engines by expanding the type and technical sophistication of the content and services we offer; |
| maintain our current, and develop new, strategic relationships to increase our revenue streams as well as product and service offerings; |
| increase the revenues derived from our fee-based services and products we offer online; |
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| build our sponsored search, wireless, and online games businesses successfully; and |
| attract and retain qualified personnel. |
Our operating results are likely to fluctuate significantly and may differ from market expectations.
Our annual and quarterly operating results have varied significantly in the past, and may vary significantly in the future, due to a number of factors which could have an adverse impact on our business, such as our reliance on advertisers in certain industries for brand advertising revenues, our reliance on certain key third party distributors for sponsored search revenues and our reliance on mobile network operators for our wireless revenues. The Chinese Internet industry is at an early stage of development. We are unsure if it will continue to grow, and if it does, the rate at which it will grow. In addition, we are subject to government regulations that may change at any time with or without notice. Fluctuations in the industries of our key advertisers may affect our brand advertising revenues materially, because they may cut their spending on online marketing if there is any downturn in their industries. We rely on certain third party distributors to sell our sponsored search products. If we lose any of our key distributors, our business may be materially affected. We rely on mobile network operators for, among other things, billing of and collection of wireless service fees from mobile phone users. If our arrangements with the operators were to be terminated, altered or not renewed, or if the operators did not provide continuous or adequate service, our wireless revenues could be reduced significantly.
As a result, we believe that year-to-year and quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our operating results are not a good indication of our future performance. In addition, we have experienced very high growth rates in certain business lines in the past, and there may be expectations that these growth rates will continue. In the past, our operating results have sometimes fallen below the expectations of public market analysts and investors, and they may do so again in the future. In this event, the trading price of our common stock may fall.
We face intense competition which could reduce our market share and adversely affect our financial performance.
There are many companies that distribute online content and services targeting Chinese users. We compete with distributors of content and services over the Internet, including Web directories, search engines, content sites, Internet service providers and sites maintained by government and educational institutions. These sites compete with us for visitor traffic, advertising dollars, wireless services, online game users and potential partners. The Internet market in China is relatively new and rapidly evolving. Competition is intense and expected to increase significantly in the future, because there are no substantial barriers to entry in our market.
We have many competitors in the PRC Internet market, including Sina, Netease, Tencent, Baidu, Tom Online, KongZhong, Linktone, Shanda, The9, Google and Yahoo! China. In addition, there are a number of existing or new PRC Internet portals, including those controlled or sponsored by PRC government entities. These private and government sponsored competitors may have certain competitive advantages over us in terms of:
| substantially greater financial and technical resources; |
| more extensive and well developed marketing and sales networks; |
| better access to original content and information; |
| greater global brand recognition among consumers; and |
| larger customer bases. |
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We compete with other portals in China primarily on the following bases:
| attractiveness of products; |
| brand recognition; |
| volume of traffic and users; |
| quality of our Websites and content; |
| strategic relationships; |
| quality of our services; |
| effectiveness of sales and marketing efforts; |
| talented staff; and |
| price. |
Our existing competitors may in the future achieve greater market acceptance and gain a greater market share through the launching of new products and introducing new technologies. It is also possible that new competitors may emerge and acquire significant market share. In particular, our search engine faces intense competition from software and other Internet products and services incorporating search and retrieval capabilities, such as Baidu, Google and Yahoo! China. In addition, operators of leading Websites or Internet service providers, including Yahoo!, Microsoft/MSN and America Online, currently offer, and could expand, their online products and services targeting China. Such entities may cooperate with other organizations, such as telecommunication operators, in China to accelerate their entry into, and to enhance their competitiveness in, the Chinese market. For example, on September 19, 2006, China Telecom Corporation (or China Telecom) and Microsoft announced an agreement pursuant to which Microsoft will provide Windows Live search service to 25 million users of China Telecom. We believe the rapid increase in Chinas online population will draw more attention from these multinational players to the PRC Internet market. We also compete with traditional forms of media, such as newspapers, magazines, radio and television, for advertisers and advertising revenues.
If we fail to successfully develop and introduce new products and services, our competitive position and ability to generate revenues could be harmed.
We are continuously developing new products and services for our users. The planned timing or introduction of new products and services is subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual timing may differ materially from original plans. Unexpected technical, operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of our new products or services. Moreover, we cannot be sure that any of our new products and services will achieve widespread market acceptance or generate incremental revenue.
Our business depends on a strong brand, thus we will not be able to attract users, customers and clients of our products and offerings if we do not maintain and develop our brands.
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It is critical for us to maintain and develop our brands so as to effectively expand our user base and our revenues. We believe that the importance of brand recognition will increase as the number of Internet users in China grows. In order to attract and retain Internet users, advertisers, wireless, and online games customers, we may need to substantially increase our expenditures for creating and maintaining brand loyalty. Accordingly, our revenues will need to increase at least proportionately in order for us to maintain our current levels of profitability.
Our success in promoting and enhancing our brands, as well as our ability to remain competitive, will also depend on our success in offering high quality content, features and functionality. If we fail to promote our brands successfully or if visitors to our Websites or advertisers do not perceive our content and services to be of high quality, we may not be able to continue growing our business and attracting visitors, advertisers, wireless, and online game customers.
Our failure to keep up with rapid technology changes may severely affect our future success.
The Internet industry is undergoing rapid technological changes. Our future success will depend on our ability to respond to rapidly evolving technologies, adapt our services to changing industry standards and improve the performance and reliability of our services. If we fail to adapt to such changes, our business may be adversely affected. For example, with the evolution of Web 2.0, Internet users may shift to new modes of information sharing, such as blogs. Moreover, we have used peer-to-peer streaming technology on video content to promote our online video. Our competitors may develop their own peer-to-peer streaming technology or update their existing technology to surpass us. With the development of search engine technologies, Internet users may choose to access information, news and content through search engines rather than portals. In addition, with the development of 2.5G and even 3G technology, the focus of wireless applications has been transferred from text message services to multi-media message services, wireless games, wireless downloads and other applications. Accordingly, we will need to adapt our business to cope with the changes and support these new services to be successful. In addition, the online games industry is evolving rapidly, so we need to anticipate new technologies and games and evaluate their possible market acceptance. We may be unable to recover our game development costs if our new online games are less attractive to users. In addition, the MII is cooperating with other administrations, including the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Justice, to draft industry standards or regulations regarding Spyware software. If we cannot adapt to new industry standards, more technical expenses could be required in the future.
We depend on online advertising for a significant portion of our revenues, but the online advertisement market includes many uncertainties, which could cause our advertising revenues to decline.
We derive a significant portion of our revenues, and expect to derive a significant portion of our revenues for the foreseeable future, from the sale of advertising spaces on our Websites. Advertising revenues represented approximately 77% and 66% of our total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006. For the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, our five largest advertisers accounted for approximately 20% and 18% of our total brand advertising revenues, respectively. The growth of our advertising revenues relies on increased revenue from the sale of advertising spaces on our Websites, which may be affected by many of the following risk factors:
| The online advertising market is new and rapidly evolving, particularly in China. As a result, many of our current and potential advertising clients have limited experience using the Internet for advertising purposes and historically have not devoted a significant portion of their advertising budget to Internet-based advertising. |
| Changes in government policy could restrict or curtail our online advertising services. For example, since July 2006, the PRC government has enacted a series of regulations, administrative instructions and policies to restrict online medical advertising. As a result of these regulations, we may lose some of our existing or potential medical advertising clients. |
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| Advertising clients that have invested substantial resources in other methods of conducting business may be reluctant to adopt a new strategy that may limit or compete with their existing efforts. |
| The acceptance of the Internet as a medium for advertising depends on the development of a measurement standard. No standards have been widely accepted for the measurement of the effectiveness of online advertising. Industry-wide standards may not develop sufficiently to support the Internet as an effective advertising medium. If these standards do not develop, advertisers may choose not to advertise on the Internet in general or through our portals or search engines. |
In addition, our ability to generate and maintain significant online advertising revenues will also depend upon:
| the development of a large base of users possessing demographic characteristics attractive to advertising clients; |
| the acceptance of online advertisement as an effective way for business marketing by advertising clients; |
| the effectiveness of our advertising delivery, tracking and reporting systems; and |
| the resistance pressure on online advertising prices and limitations on inventory. |
The expansion of Internet advertisement blocking software may result in a decrease of advertising revenues.
The development of Web software that blocks Internet advertisements before they appear on a users screen may hinder the growth of online advertising. The expansion of advertisement blocking on the Internet may decrease our revenues because when an advertisement is blocked, it is not downloaded from our advertisement server. As a result, such advertisements will not be tracked as a delivered advertisement. In addition, advertisers may choose not to advertise on the Internet or on our Websites because of the use by third parties of Internet advertisement blocking software.
Our failure to retain key distributors or attract additional distributors for our sponsored search customers could have an adverse impact on our business.
Sponsored search is at an early stage of development in China and is not as widely accepted by or available to businesses in China as in the United States. As a result, we rely heavily on our nationwide distribution network of third-party distributors for our sales to, and collection of payment from, our sponsored search customers. If our distributors do not provide quality services to our customers or otherwise breach their contracts with them, we may lose our customers. We do not have long-term agreements with any of our distributors, including our key distributors, and cannot assure that we will continue to maintain favorable relationships with them.
We rely on our Website Alliance members for a significant portion of our sponsored search revenues. If we fail to retain existing Website Alliance members or attract additional members, our revenues and growth may be adversely affected.
By posting bid listing links on their Websites, we share the revenues generated from clicks by users with our Website Alliance members. For the quarter ended March 31, 2007, the total revenues generated from Website Alliance accounted for approximately 72% of our total bid listing revenues. We consider our Website Alliance critical to the future growth of our sponsored search revenues. If our Website Alliance members decide to use a competitors or their own Internet search services, or if we fail to attract additional Websites to join our Website Alliance, our sponsored search revenues may decline.
We rely on wireless services for a significant portion of our revenues. Wireless revenues have decreased in prior periods and may decrease further in the future.
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We derive a significant portion of our revenues from wireless services. We have derived our wireless revenues in prior periods from providing SMS, WAP, RBT, MMS and IVR, mainly consisting of news, weather forecast, chatting, entertainment information, music, ring tone, picture and logo downloads and various other mobile related products to mobile phone users and Personal Handy-phone System (or PHS) users. For the quarters ended March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2006, wireless revenues represented approximately 17% and 26%, respectively, of our total revenues.
Wireless revenues decreased in certain prior periods. Wireless revenues may decrease in the future due to the possibilities that:
| Our consumers may not understand our services or the fees they are being charged, may not be satisfied with our services and/or may not use our services on a regular basis; |
| Consumers may cancel their services at any time without notice; |
| Revenues from new wireless services such as WAP, RBT, MMS and IVR may not continue to grow significantly and become a significant portion of our total wireless revenues; |
| Competitors, including mobile network operators, may launch competing or better products than ours at any time; |
| There are limited barriers to entry to the wireless services sector; |
| Changes in the billing practices or operational rules and procedures of any of the four mobile network operators on whom we rely for service delivery and fee collection namely, CMCC, Unicom Corporation Limited (or Unicom), CNC and China Telecom could have a material impact on our wireless revenues. For instance, in July 2006, two major mobile network operators, CMCC and Unicom, introduced new policies on wireless value-added service, including extension of the trial period, double reminders for new monthly subscriptions, billing reminders to existing monthly subscribers and conversion of per message-based SMS subscriptions. In October 2006, the MII issued a guideline to regulate wireless value-added services, which reiterated policies carried on by major mobile network operators, including double confirmation, billing reminders, etc. On January 1, 2007, a notice of the MII, which focuses on the protection of mobile phone users right to select services and the strengthening of regulation on billing procedure, came into effect. Accordingly, these regulations and policies may cause the mobile network operators to change their billing procedures. We believe that our wireless revenues might be negatively affected by the implementation of these regulations and policies; |
| Changes in government policy could restrict or curtail the services which we provide. The MII has proposed requiring all handset users (including pre-paid mobile phone users) to register using their real names. If this requirement is implemented, it may cause the decrease of new customers, and in turn, reducing our wireless revenues; |
| Mobile network operators may impose penalties on wireless service providers, or SPs, for violating certain operating policies relating to the provision of wireless services. We have received several penalty notices from mobile network operators, claiming a breach of cooperation contracts and imposing both service suspension sanctions for a period of not more than a year and/or monetary penalties. There is no guarantee that we will not be subject to similar, or more severe, penalties from mobile network operators in the future, which could significantly impair our wireless business; |
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| We may enter into cooperation agreements with mobile network operators on terms that are not favorable to us since we have limited bargaining power to negotiate contract terms. In addition, mobile network operators may unilaterally revise their agreement at any time. As a result of such contract terms, we could easily be found in breach of our agreement with an operator and may be subject to penalties; and |
| Mobile network operators may not enter new agreements or renew existing agreements with SPs with respect to wireless services. However, those mobile network operators will continue work with us to provide services and monthly statements. New or renewed agreements with mobile network operators could change in a way that would be unfavorable to us, or such agreements may not be entered into at all. |
We rely on contracts with the mobile network operators in a number of ways with respect to our wireless services, including the billing of, and collection from, mobile phone users of wireless service fees. If our arrangements with mobile network operators were to be terminated, altered or not renewed, or if such operators did not provide continuous or adequate service, our revenues could be reduced.
Our wireless services depend mainly on the cooperation of mobile network operators such as CMCC, Unicom, CNC, China Telecom and their respective subsidiaries. We rely on mobile network operators in the following ways:
| we use mobile network operators networks and gateways to provide wireless services; |
| we use and rely on mobile network operators billing systems to charge our subscribers through the subscribers mobile phone bills; |
| we rely on mobile network operators collection proxy services to collect payments from subscribers; and |
| we rely on mobile network operators infrastructure to further develop our wireless services. |
We face significant risks with respect to our arrangements with mobile network operators which could adversely affect our wireless revenues. Such risks include the following:
| Mobile network operators have changed their operating rules and may make further changes at any time. Such previous or any future changes could result in our being required to pay penalties for breaching or being alleged to have breached certain provisions of our agreements with the mobile network operators under new or revised operation rules, or having our service discontinued with or without notice. Changes in these operating rules could also have a material impact on our wireless revenues; |
| We provide wireless services through our Website and record the delivery of the service in our internal systems. However, in order to recognize revenues and receive payment for services provided, we rely on billing confirmations from mobile network operators as to the actual amount of services they have billed to their mobile customers. We are unable to collect wireless service fees from an operator in certain circumstances due to technical issues with the operators network. We refer to these failures as an operators failure rate, which can vary from operator to operator. An operators failure rate can vary from month to month, ranging from 0% to 98% and may change at any time without notice. If an operator encounters technical problems, increases in the failure rate for that operator could occur; |
| The service fees we pay for using an operators infrastructure are set on the basis of negotiation of annual contracts. Our negotiation leverage is limited and if an operator increases its service fees or does not comply with the terms of our contract, our gross margin and profitability could be materially reduced. It is possible that some subsidiaries of the mobile network operators may consider increasing their service fees; |
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| We are required to follow the operators guidance in setting up wireless service fees. We also rely on the mobile network operators to collect the fees on our behalf which they have billed to our mobile customers. If an operator requires us to reduce the wireless service fees charged to mobile customers, disallows us from billing of certain inactive customers, refuses to pay us, requires us to share bad debts expenses, or, limits the amount of wireless service fees which can be billed or requires us to comply with any new billing rules, our wireless revenues could be adversely affected; |
| An operators refusal to allow us to supply certain services could disrupt our wireless services. For example, during the period from September 1, 2004 to July 31, 2005, our MMS services were temporarily suspended by CMCC, based on allegations that Beijing Sohu, which was one of our VIEs at the time, breached certain provisions of its agreement with a CMCC subsidiary; |
| An operator could launch competing services at any time and could work with content providers directly so that SPs abilities to diversify their products might be limited. For example, in July 2006, CMCC introduced M.Music, an integrated music service platform which CMCC works directly with music record companies to provide downloads of various songs and music. In December 2006, CMCC introduced its own WAP channel, WAP Premier Select, which is placed in more prominent positions on Monternet and directly competes with SPs. If mobile network operators were unwilling to work with us, we would not be able to find substitute partners; and |
| CMCC set up rules for ranking of WAP service providers on its Monternet browser, which has a significant impact on WAP revenues. CMCC may change the rules at any time to affect the rank of the top five listings. As a result, the growth of our WAP revenues was lower than expected and we may lose our existing ranking because of lower visit rates. |
Many of our current and potential wireless customers have only limited experience using the Internet for subscription purposes, and may not be willing to fully embrace the products and services we offer, which would adversely affect our future revenues and business expansion.
The wireless market is new and rapidly evolving in China. Many of our current and potential wireless customers have limited experience using the Internet for subscription services. The growth in our wireless revenues depends upon user acceptance of our existing and new services, such as our wireless dating, news, sports and jokes content, mobile alumni club and other products. Because these services are new and untested, we do not have a clear understanding of consumer behavior, making it difficult to predict future growth or usage. Customers may not be willing to fully embrace the products and services we offer.
Our investment in the online games business may not be successful.
We have invested and may invest further in our online games business. The offering of online games is currently one of the fastest growing online services in the PRC. Sohu had operated two online games, namely Knight Online and Blade Online, which we licensed from third party game companies. We discontinued the operation of Knight Online in March 2007 when the license expired. Our license of Blade Online will expire in September 2008. In the event that a license expires and we wish to renew such license, the licensor may only agree to renew such license upon an increase in the license fee that we pay to such licensor. Our new in-house developed online game Tian Long Ba Bu (or TLBB) will begin its open beta testing in May 2007. If the operation of TLBB is not as successful as we have expected, our online games business may be negatively impacted. In addition, our business might be significantly affected if there are any changes in the PRC laws or regulations in relation to these businesses. For example, the PRC government has issued a new law to implement restrictions and further regulation on the online games industry. Based on
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these rules, online games companies are required to install an anti-fatigue system, which discourages game participants from playing games for more than five hours per day. In addition, the PRC government is planning to make a compulsory requirement for online game players to register their real names and provide ID numbers when playing games. Also, with the requirement of the real name registration for online game players, the government will implement a rating system for online games. For those online games rated as not suitable for children under the age of 18, children under the age of 18 will be unable to access such game if a real name registration is in place. As a result, our revenues from online games may be adversely affected. We may not succeed in these markets despite our investment of time and funds. If we fail to achieve a significant market position, we will fail to realize our anticipated returns on these investments.
Our strategy of acquiring complementary assets, technologies and businesses may fail and result in equity or earnings dilution.
As a component of our growth strategy, we have acquired and intend to actively identify and acquire assets, technologies and businesses that are complementary to our existing portal business. Our acquisitions could result in the use of substantial amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, significant impairment losses related to goodwill or amortization expenses related to intangible assets and exposure to undisclosed or potential liabilities of acquired companies. Moreover, the resources expended in identifying and consummating acquisitions may be significant. Furthermore, any acquisition we decide to pursue may be subject to the approval of the relevant PRC governmental authorities, as well as any applicable PRC rules and regulations. Considering the fast changing legal environment, our acquisition may be subject to governments further scrutiny and the acquisition structures we used to adopt may be found to be inappropriate.
The acquisition and integration of Go2Map create certain risks and uncertainties.
We completed the acquisitions of all of the outstanding capital stock of Go2Map Inc., and all of the registered share capital of Tu Xing Tian Xia, a company incorporated in the PRC which was an affiliate of Go2Map Inc (collectively Go2Map) in May 2005. As a result of these acquisitions, we continue to spend considerable time and effort integrating into our company the employees, organization, customers and operations of Go2Map. Also, there can be no assurance that we will succeed in realizing the anticipated economic benefits of the acquisitions, including increased sponsored search revenues. During the three months ended March 31, 2007, Go2Map was operating at a loss. In addition, we might be required to obtain additional licenses or approvals from relevant government authorities based on the application laws and regulations and might incur additional costs and expenses in obtaining any such licenses and approvals.
We may be required to record a charge to earnings if we must reassess our goodwill or amortizable intangible assets arising from acquisitions.
We are required under generally accepted accounting principles to review our amortizable intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Goodwill is required to be tested for impairment at least annually. Factors that may be considered a change in circumstances indicating that the carrying value of our amortizable intangible assets may not be recoverable include a decline in stock price and market capitalization and slower growth rates in our industry. We may be required to record a charge to earnings in our financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our goodwill or amortizable intangible assets is determined. As of March 31, 2007, our goodwill and amortizable intangible assets arising from acquisitions were approximately $61.0 million.
Accounting rules for share-based compensation may adversely affect our operating results, our stock price and our competitiveness in the employee marketplace.
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Our performance is largely dependent on talented and highly skilled individuals. Our future success depends on our continuing ability to identify, develop, motivate and retain highly skilled personnel for all areas of our organization. We have a history of using employee stock options and restricted stock units to align employees interest with the interests of our shareholders and encourage quality employees to join us and retain our quality employees by providing competitive compensation packages. On January 1, 2006, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, (or SFAS 123(R)), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based compensation based on estimated fair values. As a result, our operating results contain a charge for share-based compensation expense related to employee stock options and restricted stock units. The recognition of share-based compensation in our statement of operations would have a negative effect on our reported results and earnings per share, which could in turn negatively affect our stock price. On the other hand, if we alter our employee stock incentive plan to minimize the share-based compensation expenses, it may limit our ability to continue to use share-based awards as a tool to attract and retain our employees, and it may adversely affect our operations.
Our failure to manage growth and diversify our business could harm us.
We have experienced dramatic growth in personnel since our inception and we expect to continue to hire additional personnel in selected areas. This growth requires significant time and resource commitments from us and our senior management. If we are unable to effectively manage a large and geographically dispersed group of employees or anticipate our future growth, our business could be adversely affected.
Additionally, our business relies on our financial reporting and data systems (including our systems for billing users of our fee-based services), which have grown increasingly complex in the recent past due to acquisitions and the diversification and complexity of our business. Our ability to operate our business efficiently depends on these systems, and if we are unable to adapt to these changes, our business could be adversely affected.
If we fail to establish and maintain relationships with content and technology providers and infrastructure providers, we may not be able to attract and retain users.
Although we believe we have attractive content, we need to rely on a number of third party relationships to attract traffic and provide content in order to make our Websites attractive to users and advertisers. Most of our arrangements with content providers are short-term and may be terminated at the convenience of the other party. Some content providers have increased the fees they charge us for their content. This trend could increase our costs and operating expenses and could adversely affect our ability to obtain content at an economically acceptable cost. We have also entered into exclusive agreements with some of our premier content providers. If we are not able to renew our exclusive deals or premier content become exclusive to our competitors, our attractiveness to users will be severely impaired. Except for the exclusive content, much of the third party content provided to our Websites is also available from other sources or may be provided to other Internet companies. If other Internet companies present the same or similar content in a superior manner, it would adversely affect our visitor traffic.
Our business also depends significantly on relationships with leading technology and infrastructure providers and the licenses that the technology providers have granted to us. Our competitors may establish the same relationships as we have, which may adversely affect us. We may not be able to maintain these relationships or replace them on commercially attractive terms. For example, there are uncertainties in the wireless industry, such as the delayed issuance of 3G licenses and rumors concerning the possible restructuring of state-owned telecommunication companies, that increase our risk in maintaining co-operation relationship with mobile network operators.
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We depend on key personnel and our business may be severely disrupted if we lose the services of our key executives and employees.
Our future success is heavily dependent upon the continued service of our key executives, particularly Dr. Zhang, who is the founder, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the Board, and a major shareholder of our company and a direct and indirect major shareholder of High Century, Sohu Internet, Tu Xing Tian Xia and Feng Yang Tian Lang. We rely on his expertise in our business operations, and on his personal relationships with the relevant regulatory authorities, our customers and suppliers. If one or more of our key executives and employees are unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we may not be able to replace them easily and our business may be severely disrupted. In addition, if any of our key executives or employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers and suppliers and incur additional expenses to recruit and train personnel. Each of our executive officers has entered into an employment agreement and a confidentiality, non-competition and non-solicitation agreement with us. However, the degree of protection afforded to an employer pursuant to confidentiality and non-competition undertakings governed by PRC law may be more limited when compared to the degree of protection afforded under the laws of other jurisdictions. We do not maintain key-man life insurance for any of our key executives.
We also rely on a number of key technology staff for the operation of Sohu. Given the competitive nature of the industry, the risk of key technology staff leaving Sohu is high and could have a disruptive impact on our operations.
Rapid growth and a rapidly changing operating environment strain our limited resources.
We have limited operational, administrative and financial resources, which may be inadequate to sustain the growth we want to achieve. As the demands of our audience and the needs of our customers change, and as the number of our users and volume of online advertising and online games activities increase, we will need to increase our investment in our network infrastructure, facilities and other areas of operations. If we are unable to manage our growth and expansion effectively, the quality of our services could deteriorate and our business may suffer. Our future success will depend on, among other things, our ability to:
| adapt our services and maintain and improve the quality of our services; |
| protect our Website from hackers and unauthorized access; |
| continue training, motivating and retaining our existing employees and attract and integrate new employees; and |
| develop and improve our operational, financial, accounting and other internal systems and controls. |
Risks Related to Chinas Telecommunications Infrastructure
The telecommunications infrastructure in China, which is not as well developed as in the United States, may limit our growth.
The telecommunications infrastructure in China is not well developed. Our growth will depend on the PRC government and state-owned enterprises establishing and maintaining a reliable Internet and telecommunications infrastructure to reach a broader base of Internet users in China. The Internet infrastructure, standards, protocols and complementary products, services and facilities necessary to support the demands associated with continued growth may not be developed on a timely basis or at all by the PRC government and state-owned enterprises.
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We depend on ChinaNet, CNC and China Telecom for telecommunications services, and any interruption in these services may result in severe disruptions to our business.
Although private Internet service providers exist in China, almost all access to the Internet is maintained through ChinaNet, currently owned by CNC and China Telecom, under the administrative control and regulatory supervision of the MII. We rely on this infrastructure and CNC and China Telecom to provide data communications capacity primarily through local telecommunications lines. Although the government has announced aggressive plans to develop the national information infrastructure, this infrastructure may not be developed and the Internet infrastructure in China may not be able to support the continued growth of Internet usage. In addition, we will have no access to alternative networks and services, on a timely basis if at all, in the event of any infrastructure disruption or failure.
We have signed Bandwidth Provision and Server Hosting Agreements with CNC and China Telecom. Under these agreements, we established two main service provision centers to maintain most of our servers in Beijing. However, as there are limited telecommunication infrastructure service providers, we may not be able to lease additional bandwidth on acceptable terms, on a timely basis, or at all. If we are not able to lease additional bandwidth, the development of our business can be affected.
The high cost of Internet access may limit the growth of the Internet in China and impede our growth.
Access to the Internet in China remains relatively expensive, and may make it less likely for users to access and transact business over the Internet. Unfavorable rate developments could further decrease our visitor traffic and our ability to derive revenues from transactions over the Internet.
To the extent we are unable to scale our systems to meet the increasing PRC Internet population, we will be unable to expand our user base and increase our attractiveness to advertisers and merchants.
As Web page volume and traffic increase in China, we may not be able to scale our systems proportionately. To the extent we do not successfully address our capacity constraints, our operations may be severely disrupted, and we may not be able to expand our user base and increase our attractiveness to advertisers and merchants.
Unexpected network interruptions caused by system failures may result in reduced visitor traffic, reduced revenue and harm to our reputation.
Our Website operations are dependent upon Web browsers, Internet service providers, content providers and other Website operators in China, which have experienced significant system failures and system outages in the past. Our users have in the past experienced difficulties due to system failures unrelated to our systems and services. Any system failure or inadequacy that causes interruptions in the availability of our services, or increases the response time of our services, as a result of increased traffic or otherwise, could reduce our user satisfaction, future traffic and our attractiveness to users and advertisers.
Our operations are vulnerable to natural disasters and other events, as we only have limited backup systems and do not maintain any backup servers outside of China.
We have limited backup systems and have experienced system failures and electrical outages from time to time in the past, which have disrupted our operations. Most of our servers and routers are currently hosted in a single location within the premises of Beijing Telecom Administration (or BTA). Our disaster recovery plan cannot fully ensure safety in the event of damage from fire, floods, typhoons, earthquakes, power loss, telecommunications failures, break-ins and similar events. If any of the foregoing occurs, we may experience a complete system shutdown. We do not carry any business interruption insurance. To improve the performance and to prevent disruption of our services, we may have to make substantial investments to deploy additional servers or one or more copies of our Websites to mirror our online resources.
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Although we carry property insurance with low coverage limits, our coverage may not be adequate to compensate us for all losses, particularly with respect to loss of business and reputation, that may occur.
Our network operations may be vulnerable to hacking, viruses and other disruptions, which may make our products and services less attractive and reliable.
Internet usage could decline if any well-publicized compromise of security occurs. Hacking involves efforts to gain unauthorized access to information or systems or to cause intentional malfunctions or loss or corruption of data, software, hardware or other computer equipment. Hackers, if successful, could misappropriate proprietary information or cause disruptions in our service. We may be required to expend capital and other resources to protect our Website against hackers. We cannot assure you that any measure we may take will be effective. In addition, the inadvertent transmission of computer viruses could expose us to a material risk of loss or litigation and possible liability, as well as materially damage our reputation and decrease our user traffic.
Risks Related to Chinas Regulation Environment
If our current ownership structure is found to be in violation of current or future PRC laws, rules or regulations regarding the legality of foreign investment in the PRC Internet sector, we could be subject to severe penalties.
We conduct our Internet and value-added telecommunication operations solely in the PRC through our indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, Beijing ITC, Sohu Era, Sohu Software, Go2Map Software, Sogou Technology and Sohu Media (or collectively PRC subsidiaries), and VIEs, High Century, Sohu Entertainment, Sohu Internet, Goodfeel, Huohu, Tu Xing Tian Xia, Feng Yang Tian Lang, Sogou Information, Guangzhou Interactive and 21 East Beijing. We are a Delaware corporation, while Sohu Hong Kong, our indirect wholly owned subsidiary and the parent company of Beijing ITC, Sohu Era, Sohu Software and Sohu Media, is a Hong Kong corporation and a foreign person under PRC law. In order to meet ownership requirements under PRC law which restrict or prohibit wholly foreign owned enterprises, or WFOEs, from operating in certain industries such as Internet information, wireless, Internet access, and certain other industries, our VIEs are companies incorporated in the PRC and owned by Dr. Zhang and certain other employees of Sohu, rather than by Sohu.
The PRC began several years ago to regulate its Internet sector by making pronouncements or enacting regulations regarding the legality of foreign investment in the PRC Internet sector and the existence and enforcement of content restrictions on the Internet. We believe that our current ownership structure complies with all existing PRC laws, rules and regulations. There are, however, substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation of current PRC Internet laws and regulations. The PRC government may issue new interpretations of the regulations regarding supervision of the Information industry from time to time. In July 2006, the MII issued a notice to strengthen management of foreign investment in and operation of value-added telecommunication services. The notice emphasizes that foreign investors who wish to engage in value-added telecommunication services must strictly follow the relevant rules and regulations on foreign investment in telecommunication sectors. The notice also prohibits domestic telecommunication services providers from leasing, transferring or selling telecommunications business operating licenses to any foreign investor in any form, or providing any resources, sites or facilities to any foreign investor for their illegal operation of a telecommunications business in China. According to the notice, either the holder of a value-added telecommunication service license or its shareholders must directly own the domain names and trademarks used by such license holders in their provision of Value-added Telecommunication Services. The notice further requires each license holder to have the necessary facilities, including servers, for its approved business operations and to maintain such facilities in the regions covered by its license. Value-added services
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license holders are required to evaluate the compliance with the requirements set forth in the notice. We are in the process of transferring several of our domain names and trademarks to Sohu Internet, which licensed the same to Sohu Era and Sohu Media, and we may modify other certain aspects of our business structure in order to further comply with these requirements. In addition, new PRC Internet and foreign exchange laws and regulations were recently adopted. Accordingly, it is possible that the PRC government may ultimately take a view contrary to ours.
In addition, under the agreement reached in November 1999 between the PRC and the United States concerning the United States support of Chinas entry into the World Trade Organization, or WTO, regulation of foreign investment in PRC Internet services is to be liberalized to allow for 30% foreign ownership in key telecommunication services, including PRC Internet ventures, for the first year after Chinas entry into the WTO, 49% in the second year and 50% thereafter. China officially entered the WTO on December 11, 2001. However, the implementation of Chinas WTO accession agreements is still subject to various conditions.
Accordingly, it is possible that the relevant PRC authorities could, at any time, assert that any portion or all of the Sohu PRC subsidiaries and Sohu VIEs existing or future ownership structure and businesses violate existing or future PRC laws, regulations or policies. It is also possible that the new laws or regulations governing the PRC Internet sector that have been adopted or may be adopted in the future will prohibit or restrict foreign investment in, or other aspects of, any of our PRC subsidiaries and VIEs current or proposed businesses and operations. In addition, any such new laws and regulations may be retroactively applied to us and our PRC subsidiaries and VIEs.
If we or any of our PRC subsidiaries and VIEs were found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, the relevant PRC authorities would have broad discretion in dealing with such violations, including, without limitation, the following:
| levying fines; |
| confiscating our income; |
| revoking our licenses; |
| shutting down our servers and/or blocking our Websites; |
| requiring us to restructure our ownership structure or operations; and |
| requiring us to discontinue any portion or all of its Internet and value-added telecommunication businesses. |
We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by Sohu.com Limited, our wholly owned subsidiary, to fund any cash requirements we may have. We may not be able to obtain cash from distributions to the extent such distributions are restricted by PRC law or future debt covenants. For any dividend received by Sohu.com Inc., it may be subject to US tax at 34% to 35%.
We are a holding company with no operating assets other than investments in Chinese operating entities, including Beijing ITC, Sohu Era, Sohu Software, Go2Map Software, Sogou Technology and Sohu Media, through an intermediate holding company, Sohu.com Limited, our wholly-owned subsidiary in the Cayman Islands, and our VIEs, High Century, Sohu Entertainment, Sohu Internet, Goodfeel, Huohu, Tu Xing Tian Xia, Feng Yang Tian Lang, Sogou Information, Guangzhou Interactive and 21 East Beijing. We may need to rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by Sohu.com Limited for our cash requirements in excess of any cash raised from investors and retained by us. If Beijing ITC, Sohu Era, Sohu Software, Go2Map Software, Sogou Technology and Sohu
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Media incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict Beijing ITCs, Sohu Eras, Sohu Softwares, Go2Map Softwares, Sogou Technologys and Sohu Medias ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. In addition, PRC legal restrictions permit payment of dividends by Beijing ITC, Sohu Era, Sohu Software, Go2Map Software, Sogou Technology and Sohu Media only out of their net income, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Under PRC law, Beijing ITC, Sohu Era, Sohu Software, Go2Map Software, Sogou Technology and Sohu Media are also required to set aside 10% of their net income each year to fund certain reserve funds until these reserves equal to 50% of the amount of paid-in capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, subject to possible reduction to the extent that our PRC subsidiaries pay a tax in China and would therefore be entitled to a foreign tax credit, dividends received by Sohu.com Inc. would be subject to taxation at United States tax rates of 34% or 35%. We do not expect any dividends or other distributions on equity from Sohu.com Limited in the foreseeable future.
We may be unable to collect long-term loans to officers and employees or exercise management influence associated with High Century, Sohu Entertainment, Goodfeel, Huohu, Sogou Information and Guangzhou Interactive.
As of March 31, 2007, Sohu had outstanding long-term loans of $9.8 million to Dr. Zhang, Sohus Chief Executive Officer and a major Sohu shareholder, and certain of our employees. The long-term loans are used to finance investments in High Century; High Century, which is owned 80% by Dr. Zhang and 20% by an employee; Sohu Entertainment, which is owned by two of our employees; Goodfeel, which is owned by two of our employees; Huohu, which is owned 75% by Sohu Era and 25% by an employee; Sogou Information, which is owned by two of our employees, and Guangzhou Interactive, which is owned 50% by Sohu Internet and 50% by High Century. High Century, Sohu Entertainment, Goodfeel, Huohu, Sogou Information and Guangzhou Interactive are used to facilitate our participation in telecommunications, Internet content and certain other businesses in China where foreign ownership is either prohibited or restricted.
The loan agreements contain provisions that, subject to PRC law, (i) the loans can only be repaid to us by transferring the shares of High Century, Sohu Entertainment, Goodfeel, Huohu, Sogou Information or Guangzhou Interactive to us; (ii) the shares of High Century, Sohu Entertainment, Goodfeel, Huohu, Sogou Information or Guangzhou Interactive cannot be transferred without our approval; and (iii) we have the right to appoint all directors and senior management personnel of High Century, Sohu Entertainment, Goodfeel, Huohu, Sogou Information and Guangzhou Interactive. Dr. Zhang and the other employee borrowers have pledged all of their shares in High Century, Sohu Entertainment, Goodfeel, Huohu, Sogou Information and Guangzhou Interactive as collateral for the loans and the loans bear no interest and are due on demand after November 2003 in the case of High Century; after November 2005 in the case of Huohu; after August 2006 in the case of Sogou Information; after October 2006 in the case of Goodfeel; after November 2006 in the case of Sohu Entertainment and the earlier of a demand or, in any case, at such time as Dr. Zhang or the other employee borrowers, as the case may be, is not an employee of Sohu. Sohu does not intend to request repayment of the loans as long as PRC regulations prohibit it from directly investing in businesses being undertaken by the VIEs.
Because these loans can only be repaid by the borrowers transferring the shares of the various entities, our ability to ultimately realize the effective return of the amounts advanced under these loans will depend on the profitability of High Century, Sohu Entertainment, Goodfeel, Huohu, Sogou Information and Guangzhou Interactive is uncertain.
Furthermore, because of uncertainties associated with the PRC law, ultimate enforcement of the loan agreements is uncertain. Accordingly, we may never be able to collect these loans or exercise influence over High Century, Sohu Entertainment, Goodfeel, Huohu, Sogou Information and Guangzhou Interactive.
We depend upon contractual arrangements with High Century, Sohu Entertainment, Sohu Internet, Goodfeel, Huohu, Tu Xing Tian Xia, Feng Yang Tian Lang, Sogou Information and Guangzhou Interactive for the success of our business and these arrangements may not be as effective in providing operational control as direct ownership of these businesses and may be difficult to enforce.
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Because we conduct our Internet operations only in the PRC, and are restricted or prohibited by the PRC government from owning Internet content or telecommunication operations in the PRC, we are dependent on High Century, Sohu Entertainment, Sohu Internet, Goodfeel, Huohu, Tu Xing Tian Xia, Feng Yang Tian Lang, Sogou Information and Guangzhou Interactive, in which we have no direct ownership interest, to provide those services through contractual agreements between the parties. These arrangements may not be as effective in providing control over our Internet content or telecommunications operations as direct ownership of these businesses. For example, some of our subsidiaries and VIEs could fail to take actions required for our business, such as entering into content development contracts with potential content suppliers or failing to maintain the necessary permit for the content servers. If High Century, Sohu Entertainment, Sohu Internet, Goodfeel, Huohu, Tu Xing Tian Xia, Feng Yang Tian Lang, Sogou Information and Guangzhou Interactive fail to perform its obligations under these agreements, we may have to rely on legal remedies under PRC law. We cannot assure you that such remedies under PRC law would be effective or sufficient.
Dr. Zhang, our Chief Executive Officer and a major shareholder of our company, is also the direct and indirect majority shareholder of High Century, Sohu Internet, Tu Xing Tian Xia, Feng Yang Tian Lang and Guangzhou Interactive. As a result, our contractual relationships with those companies could be viewed as entrenching his management position or transferring certain value to him, especially if any conflict with him arises.
If we are found to be in violation of current or future PRC laws, rules or regulations regarding Internet-related services and telecom-related activities, we could be subject to severe penalties.
The PRC has enacted regulations that apply to Internet-related services and telecom-related activities. While many aspects of these regulations remain unclear, they purport to limit and require licensing of various aspects of the provision of Internet information and content, online advertising and value-added telecommunication services. In addition, the PRC may promulgate new laws, rules or regulations at any time. If these current or future laws, rules or regulations regarding Internet-related activities, are interpreted to be inconsistent with our ownership structure and/or our business operations, our business will be severely impaired and we could be subject to severe penalties. In addition, we may be required to apply for a new license or new qualification or transfer from an old type of license to a new type of license at any time as a result of the requirements of newly promulgated laws or new regulations. From the promulgation of such requirements to the final issuance of the license or qualification, there might be a long pending period. Although the issuance of the new license will finally trace back to the date of filing of the application, we may be held liable for operating without a proper license and may be fined for the operation during the application period.
We may not be able to collect payments of our wireless fees if the PRC government determines that our existing ownership structure does not comply with PRC laws, rules or regulations.
As discussed above, the PRC began several years ago to regulate its Internet sector by making pronouncements or enacting regulations regarding the legality of foreign investment in the PRC Internet sector. We believe that our current ownership structure complies with all existing PRC laws, rules and regulations. There are, however, substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation of current PRC Internet laws and regulations. It is possible that the PRC governments view will ultimately be contrary to ours. If the PRC government were to take a contrary view, we might not be able to collect payments of our wireless fees, which we receive from Sohu Internet and Goodfeel, which in turn collect the fees from mobile network operators.
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Even if we are in compliance with PRC governmental regulations relating to licensing and foreign investment prohibitions, the PRC government may prevent us from distributing, and we may be subject to liability for, content that it believes is inappropriate.
The PRC has enacted regulations governing Internet access and the distribution of news and other information. In the past, the PRC government has stopped the distribution of information over the Internet that it believes to violate PRC law, including content that is obscene, incites violence, endangers national security, is contrary to the national interest or is defamatory. In addition, we may not publish certain news items, such as news relating to national security, without permission from the PRC government. Furthermore, the Ministry of Public Security has the authority to make any local Internet service provider block any Website maintained outside the PRC at its sole discretion. Even if we comply with PRC governmental regulations relating to licensing and foreign investment prohibitions, if the PRC government were to take any action to limit or prohibit the distribution of information through our network or to limit or regulate any current or future content or services available to users on our network, our business would be harmed.
We are also subject to potential liabilities for content on our Websites that is deemed inappropriate and for any unlawful actions of our subscribers and other users of our systems under regulations promulgated by the MII, such potential liabilities including, but not limited to, the imposition of fines or even the shutting down of the Website.
Furthermore, we are required to delete content that clearly violates the laws of the PRC and report content that we suspect may violate PRC law. We may have difficulty determining the type of content that may result in liability for us and, if we are wrong, we may be prevented from operating our Websites.
We may not have exclusive rights over the marks that are crucial to our business, including but not limited to Sohu.com, Sogou, 17173, Focus.cn, Goodfeel and Go2Map.
We have applied for the registration of our key marks in the PRC, including but not limited to Sohu.com, Sogou, 17173, Focus.cn, Goodfeel and Go2Map, so as to establish and protect our exclusive rights to the marks. We have succeeded in registering the marks Sohu.com, 17173, Focus.cn, GoodFeel and Go2Map in the PRC under certain classes. The applications for the registration of the other marks or some marks under other classes are still under examination by the Trademark Office of PRC. Completion of the registrations is subject to the Trademark Office of PRCs determination that there are no prior rights in the PRC. Any rejection of these applications could adversely affect our rights to these marks.
Unauthorized use of our intellectual property by third parties, and the expenses incurred in protecting our intellectual property rights, may adversely affect our business.
We regard our copyrights, service marks, trademarks, trade secrets and other intellectual property as critical to our success. Unauthorized use of our intellectual property by third parties may adversely affect our business and reputation. We rely on trademark and copyright law, trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements with our employees, customers, business partners and others to protect our intellectual property rights. Despite our precautions, it may be possible for third parties to obtain and use our intellectual property without authorization. Furthermore, the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of intellectual property in Internet-related industries are uncertain and still evolving. In particular, the laws of the PRC and certain other countries are uncertain or do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. Moreover, litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Future litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources.
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We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims, which may force us to incur substantial legal expenses and, if determined adversely against us, materially disrupt our business.
We cannot be certain that our products, services and intellectual property used in our normal course of business do not or will not infringe valid patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights held by third parties. We have in the past been, are currently, and may in the future be, subject to claims and legal proceedings relating to the intellectual property of others in the ordinary course of our business. In particular, if we are found to have violated the intellectual property rights of others, we may be enjoined from using such intellectual property, may be ordered to pay a fine and may incur licensing fees or be forced to develop alternatives. We may incur substantial expenses in defending against these third party infringement claims, regardless of their merit. Successful infringement claims against us may result in substantial monetary liability or may materially disrupt the conduct of our business by restricting or prohibiting our use of the intellectual property in question. For example, during 2006 five United States movie companies commenced a lawsuit against us in the PRC alleging that a movie download service we had been providing infringed their copyrights in the movies. In December 2006, the PRC court decided the case against us, and ordered us to pay damages of approximately $138,000 to the U.S. movie companies. In addition, we provide search engine facilities capable of locating and accessing links to download MP3 music, movies, images and other multimedia files and/or other content hosted on third party Websites, which may be protected by law. Although, in a recent judgment in China, the court deemed that one of the industry participants was not infringed the rights of copyright owners for its MP3 search services, we still may face risks of increasing amounts of claims or lawsuits relating to our MP3 services in the future.
We may be subject to, and may expend significant resources in defending against claims based on the content and services we provide over all of our Websites.
As our services may be used to download and distribute information to others, there is a risk that claims may be made against us for defamation, negligence, copyright or trademark infringement or other claims based on the nature and content of such information. Furthermore, we could be subject to claims for the online activities of our visitors and incur significant costs in their defense. In the past, claims based on the nature and content of information that was posted online by visitors have been made in the United States against companies that provide online services. We do not carry any liability insurance against such risks.
We could be exposed to liability for the selection of listings that may be accessible through our Websites or through content and materials that our visitors may post in classifieds, message boards, chat rooms or other interactive services. If any information provided through our services contains errors, third parties may make claims against us for losses incurred in reliance on the information. We also offer Web-based e-mail and subscription services, which exposes us to potential liabilities or claims resulting from:
| unsolicited e-mail; |
| lost or misdirected messages; |
| illegal or fraudulent use of e-mail; or |
| interruptions or delays in e-mail service. |
Investigating and defending any such claims may be expensive, even if they do not result in liability.
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Activities of Internet content providers are or will be subject to additional PRC regulations, which have not yet been put into effect. Our operations may not be consistent with these new regulations when put into effect, and, as a result, we could be subject to severe penalties.
The MII has stated that the activities of Internet content providers are subject to regulation by various PRC government authorities, depending on the specific activities conducted by the Internet content provider. Various government authorities have stated publicly that they are in the process of preparing new laws and regulations that will govern these activities. The areas of regulation currently include online advertising, online news reporting, online publishing, online or wireless music providing, online securities trading, the provision of industry-specific (e.g., drug-related) information over the Internet and foreign investment in value-added telecommunication services. For instance, the MOC issued Several Opinions of Development and Supervision of Online Music in November 2006. In accordance with requirement of the MOC, we submitted most of online music, which we distributed in the PRC through online or wireless ways, to the MOC for censoring and recording in March 2007. We may be held liable for supervising nonprofit users distribution of online music on our portal in the future. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we may be fined. Other aspects of our online operations may be subject to regulations in the future.
Our operations may not be consistent with these new regulations when put into effect and, as a result, we may be subject to severe penalties as discussed above.
Regulation and censorship of information distribution in China may adversely affect our business.
China has enacted regulations governing Internet access and the distribution of news and other information. Furthermore, the Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party has been given the responsibility to censor news published in China to ensure, supervise and control a particular political ideology. In addition, the MII has published implementing regulations that subject online information providers to potential liability for contents included in their portals and the actions of subscribers and others using their systems, including liability for violation of PRC laws prohibiting the distribution of content deemed to be socially destabilizing. Furthermore, the MII may implement a requirement that users of blogs register under their real names. If such a regulation is implemented, our business may be negatively affected due to a decrease in the number of blog users. Furthermore, because many PRC laws, regulations and legal requirements with regard to the Internet are relatively new and untested, their interpretation and enforcement may involve significant uncertainty. In addition, the PRC legal system is a civil law system in which decided legal cases have limited binding force as legal precedents. As a result, in many cases a Website operator may have difficulties determining the type of content that may subject it to liability.
Periodically, the Ministry of Public Security has stopped the distribution over the Internet of information which it believes to be socially destabilizing. The Ministry of Public Security has the authority to require any local Internet service provider to block any Website maintained outside China at its sole discretion. If the PRC government were to take action to limit or eliminate the distribution of information through our portal or to limit or regulate current or future applications available to users of our portal, our business would be adversely affected.
The State Secrecy Bureau, which is directly responsible for the protection of state secrets of all PRC government and Chinese Communist Party organizations, is authorized to block any Website it deems to be leaking state secrets or failing to meet the relevant regulations relating to the protection of state secrets in the distribution of online information. Under the applicable regulations, we may be held liable for any content transmitted on our portal. Furthermore, where the transmitted content clearly violates the laws of the PRC, we will be required to delete it. Moreover, if we consider transmitted content suspicious, we are required to report such content. We must also undergo computer security inspections, and if we fail to implement the relevant safeguards against security breaches, we may be shut down. In addition, under recently adopted regulations, Internet companies which provide bulletin board systems, chat rooms or similar services, such as our company, must apply for the approval of the State Secrecy Bureau. As the implementing rules of these new regulations have not been issued, we do not know how or when we will be expected to comply, or how our business will be affected by the application of these regulations.
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Political and economic policies of the PRC government could affect our business.
All of our business, operating assets, fixed assets and operations are located in China, and all of our revenues are derived from our operations in China. Accordingly, our business may be adversely affected by changes in political, economic or social conditions in China, adjustments in PRC government policies or changes in laws and regulations.
The economy of China differs from the economies of most countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in a number of respects, including:
| structure; |
| level of government involvement; |
| level of development; |
| level of capital reinvestment; |
| growth rate; |
| control of foreign exchange; and |
| methods of allocating resources. |
Since 1949, China has been primarily a planned economy subject to a system of macroeconomic management. Although the PRC government still owns a significant portion of the productive assets in China, economic reform policies since the late 1970s have emphasized decentralization, autonomous enterprises and the utilization of market mechanisms. We cannot predict the future effects of the economic reform and macroeconomic measures adopted by the PRC government on our business or results of operations.
The PRC legal system embodies uncertainties which could limit the legal protections available to us and you, or could lead to penalties on us.
The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike common law systems, it is a system in which decided legal cases have little precedential value. In 1979, the PRC government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws and regulations governing economic matters in general. Our PRC operating subsidiaries, Beijing ITC, Sohu Era, Sohu Software, Go2Map Software, Sogou Technology and Sohu Media are wholly-foreign owned enterprises, or WFOEs, which are enterprises incorporated in mainland China and wholly-owned by our indirect subsidiary, Sohu Hong Kong. Beijing ITC, Sohu Era, Sohu Software, Go2Map Software, Sogou Technology and Sohu Media are subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investment in mainland China. In addition, all of our subsidiaries and VIEs are incorporated in China and subject to all applicable Chinese laws and regulation. Because of the relatively short period for enacting such a comprehensive legal system, it is possible that the laws, regulations and legal requirements are relatively recent, and their interpretation and enforcement involve uncertainties. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to us and other foreign investors, including you, and may lead to penalties imposed on us because of the different understanding between the relevant authority and us. For example, according to current tax laws and regulation, we are
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responsible to pay business tax on a Self-examination and Self-application basis. However, since there is no clear guidance as to the applicability of those preferential treatments, we may be found in violation of the interpretation of local tax authorities with regard to the scope of taxable services and the percentage of tax rate and therefore might be subject to penalties, including but not limited to monetary penalties. In addition, we cannot predict the effect of future developments in the PRC legal system, particularly with regard to the Internet, including the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, or the preemption of local regulations by national laws.
It may be difficult to enforce any civil judgments against us or our board of directors or officers, because most of our operating and/or fixed assets are located outside of the United States.
Although we are incorporated in the State of Delaware, most of our operating and fixed assets are located in the PRC. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to enforce judgments outside the United States obtained in actions brought against us in the United States, including actions predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or of the securities laws of any state of the United States. In addition, certain of our directors and officers (principally based in the PRC) and all or a substantial portion of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may not be possible for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon those directors and officers, or to enforce against them or us judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or of the securities laws of any state of the United States. We have been advised by our PRC counsel that, in their opinion, there is doubt as to the enforceability in the PRC, in original actions or in actions for enforcement of judgments of United States courts, of civil liabilities predicated solely upon the federal securities laws of the United States or the securities laws of any state of the United States.
If tax benefits presently available to certain of our subsidiaries and VIEs located in China were not available, the income tax rate on most of our profits in China could be significantly increased.
Presently, PRC law requires that a company, in order to be considered a new technology enterprise: (i) operate in the high-tech industry (which includes the Internet industry); (ii) be incorporated and operating in High and New Technology Development Zones, including Beijing Zhongguancun Science Park; (iii) receive 60% of its revenue from high-tech products or services; and (iv) have at least 20% of its employees involved in technology development. Each year new technology enterprises are subject to annual inspection to determine whether they continue to meet these requirements.
Subject to the approval of the relevant tax authorities, the effective income tax rate for new technology enterprises registered and operating in Beijing Zhongguancun Science Park is 15%, while the local income tax will be exempted as long as the enterprise holds the new technology enterprise status. New technology enterprises are exempted from Chinese state corporate income tax for three years, beginning with their first year of operations, and are entitled to a 50% tax reduction at the rate of 7.5%, for the subsequent three years and 15% thereafter. Currently, our China-based subsidiaries and VIEs, Sohu Era, Sohu Internet, Sogou Information, Sogou Technology and Sohu Media enjoy tax benefits which are available to new technology enterprises beginning with their first year of operations. Providing there is no change in the new technology enterprise status or change in relevant regulations, Sohu Era and Sohu Internet are exempted from income tax for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, are subject to a 7.5% tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2006 and the years ending December 31, 2007 and 2008, and are subject to a 15% tax rate for each year thereafter. Sogou Information, Sogou Technology and Sohu Media are exempted from income tax for the year ended December 31, 2006 and the years ending December 31, 2007 and 2008, are subject to a 7.5% tax rate for the years ending December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, and are subject to a 15% tax rate for each year thereafter.
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If there is any change in governmental policy or the governmental regulations concerning the qualifying criteria of a new technology enterprise, or we are unable to meet the existing new technology enterprise requirements, the above tax benefits would no longer be available. If we did not meet the requirements of a new technology enterprise, we may be subject to enterprise income tax in China at rates up to 33%, which could cause a significant reduction in our after-tax income.
In March 2007, the Chinese government promulgated the Corporate Income Tax Law which will be effective from January 1, 2008. The Corporate Income Tax Law will impose a unified income tax rate of 25% for both domestic and foreign invested enterprise. The existing Tax Law of the Peoples Republic of China for Enterprises with Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises (the FIE and FE tax laws) and Provisional Regulations of the Peoples Republic of China on Enterprise Income Tax (collectively referred to as the existing tax laws), which stipulated income tax rates for domestic and foreign invested enterprises at different rates, will be abolished simultaneously. Currently, our China-based subsidiaries and VIEs are subject to the tax rates under the existing tax laws. The Corporate Income Tax Law provides for a 5-year transitional period for those entities that were subject to FIE and FE tax laws in previous years. The reduced income tax rate for new technology enterprises remains at 15% under the Corporate Income Tax Law. However, the qualifying criteria of a new technology enterprise under the new law and detailed implementation rules have not been released. We will continue to assess the impact of such new law in the future. If any of Sohu Era, Sohu Internet, Sogou Information, Sogou Technology or Sohu Media does not meet the requirements for being considered a new technology enterprise under the new Corporate Income Tax Law, its tax rate will eventually become 25%. Although the new Corporate Income Tax Law has provided a five-year transitional period for such enterprises, the increased income tax rates may result a significant reduction in our after-tax income.
Our subsidiaries and VIEs in China are subject to restrictions on paying dividends or making other payments to our overseas entities.
We are a holding company and do not have any assets or conduct any business operations in China other than our investments in our Chinese subsidiaries and VIEs. As a result, we depend on dividend payments from our subsidiaries in China after they receive payments from our VIEs under various services and other arrangements. It is possible that our Chinese subsidiaries will not continue to receive the payments in accordance with our contracts with our VIEs. To the extent that the VIEs have undistributed after tax net income, we must pay tax on behalf of our employees who hold interests in the VIEs when the VIEs distribute dividends in the future. The current dividend tax rate is 20%. In addition, under PRC law, our subsidiaries are only allowed to pay dividends to us out of their accumulated profits, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Moreover, our Chinese subsidiaries are required to set aside at least 10% of their respective accumulated profits, if any, up to 50% of their registered capital to fund certain mandated reserve funds that are not payable or distributable as cash dividends.
The PRC government also imposes controls on the convertibility of RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currencies out of China. We may experience difficulties in completing the administrative procedures necessary to obtain and remit foreign currencies. If we or any of our subsidiaries are unable to receive all of the revenues from our operations through these contractual or dividend arrangements, we may be unable to effectively finance our operations or pay dividends on our shares.
Restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize our revenues effectively.
Substantially all of our revenues and operating expenses are denominated in RMB. The RMB is currently freely convertible under the current account, which includes dividends, trade and service related foreign exchange transactions, but not under the capital account, which includes foreign direct investment.
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Currently, our China-based subsidiaries may purchase foreign exchange for settlement of current account transactions, including payment of dividends, without the approval of the State Administration for Foreign Exchange (or SAFE). Our China-based subsidiaries may also retain foreign exchange in its current account (subject to a ceiling approved by the SAFE) to satisfy foreign exchange liabilities or to pay dividends. However, the relevant PRC governmental authorities may limit or eliminate our ability to purchase and retain foreign currencies in the future.
Since a significant amount of our future revenues will be in the form of RMB, the existing and any future restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize revenue generated in RMB to fund our business activities outside China, if any, or expenditures denominated in foreign currencies.
Foreign exchange transactions under the capital account are still subject to limitations and require approvals from the SAFE. This could affect our China-based subsidiaries ability to obtain foreign exchange through debt or equity financing, including by means of loans or capital contributions from us.
We may suffer currency exchange losses if the RMB depreciates relative to the US Dollar.
Our reporting currency is the US Dollar. However, substantially all of our revenues are denominated in RMB. In July 2005, China reformed its exchange rate regime by establishing a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand with reference to a basket of currencies. The RMB is no longer pegged to the US dollar and the exchange rate will have some flexibility. Hence, considering the floating exchange rate regime, if the RMB depreciates relative to the US Dollar, our revenues as expressed in our US Dollar financial statements will decline in value. In addition, there are very limited hedging transactions available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to successfully hedge our exposure, if at all. In addition, our currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert RMB into US Dollars.
The market price of our common stock has been and will likely continue to be volatile. The price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly, which may make it difficult for stockholders to sell shares of our common stock when desired or at attractive prices.
The market price of our common stock has been volatile and is likely to continue to be so. The initial public offering price of our common stock in July 2000 was $13.00 per share. The trading price of our common stock subsequently dropped to a low of $0.52 per share on April 9, 2001. During 2006, the trading price of our common stock ranged from a low of $18.20 per share to a high of $29.43 per share and during three months ended March 31, 2007, the trading price of our common stock ranged from a low of $21.26 per share to a high of $27.58 per share. On May 7, 2007, the closing price of our common stock was $24.11 per share.
In addition, the Nasdaq Stock Markets National Market has from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market prices for the securities of technology companies, and particularly Internet-related companies.
The price for our common stock may fluctuate in response to a number of events and factors, such as quarterly variations in operating results, announcements of technological innovations or new products and media properties by us or our competitors, changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts, the operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors may deem comparable to us, and news reports relating to trends in our markets or general economic conditions. Additionally, volatility or a lack of positive performance in our stock price may adversely affect our ability to retain key employees, all of whom have been granted stock options or other stock awards.
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We issued $90.0 million of zero coupon convertible senior notes due July 2023 which we may not be able to repay in cash and could result in dilution of our earnings per share.
In July 2003, we issued $90 million aggregate principal amount of zero coupon convertible senior notes due July 2023. The notes are convertible into our common stock at a conversion price of $44.76 per share, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events, which would result in the issuance of an aggregate of approximately two million shares. Therefore, each $1,000 principal amount of the notes will initially be convertible into 22.3414 shares of our common stock. Each holder of the notes will have the right, at the holders option, to require Sohu to repurchase all or any portion of the principal amount of the holders notes on July 14 in 2007, 2013 and 2018 at a price equal to 100% of the outstanding principal amount. We had early redeemed our zero coupon convertible senior notes with face value of $30,220,000 at a discount from the market in 2005 and 2006. We may also be required to repurchase all of the outstanding notes following a fundamental change of Sohu, such as a change of control, prior to maturity. As of March 31, 2007, the face value of outstanding zero coupon convertible senior notes was $59.8 million. All of the outstanding notes were classified as current liability as of March 31, 2007. We will continue to repurchase the outstanding notes on an ongoing and opportunistic basis. However, we may not have enough cash on hand or the ability to access cash to pay the notes if presented for redemption on a fundamental change, on a redemption date referred to above or at maturity. In addition, the redemption or purchase of our notes with shares of our common stock or the conversion of the notes into our common stock could result in a reduction of our earnings per share.
We are controlled by a small group of our existing stockholders, whose interests may differ from other stockholders.
Our Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Zhang, beneficially owns approximately 23.2% of the outstanding shares of our common stock and is our largest stockholder. Our Chief Executive Officer, together with our other executive officers and members of our Board of Directors, beneficially own approximately 26.2% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Accordingly these stockholders acting together will have significant influence in determining the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matter submitted to the stockholders for approval, including mergers, consolidations, the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, election of directors and other significant corporate actions. They will also have significant influence in preventing or causing a change in control. In addition, without the consent of these stockholders, we may be prevented from entering into transactions that could be beneficial to us. The interests of these stockholders may differ from the interests of the other stockholders.
Anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our certificate of incorporation and Sohus Stockholder Rights Plan could delay or deter a change in control.
Some provisions of our certificate of incorporation and by-laws, as well as various provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, may make it more difficult to acquire our company or effect a change in control of our company, even if an acquisition or change in control would be in the interest of our stockholders or if an acquisition or change in control would provide our stockholders with a premium for their shares over then current market prices. For example, our certificate of incorporation provides for the division of the board of directors into two classes with staggered two-year terms and provides that stockholders have no right to take action by written consent and may not call special meetings of stockholders, each of which may make it more difficult for a third party to gain control of our board in connection with, or obtain any necessary stockholder approval for, a proposed acquisition or change in control.
In addition, we have adopted a stockholder rights plan under the terms of which, in general, if a person or group acquires more than 20% of the outstanding shares of common stock, all other Sohu stockholders would have the right to purchase securities from Sohu at a substantial discount to those securities fair market value, thus causing substantial dilution to the holdings of the person or group which acquires more than 20%. The stockholder rights plan may inhibit a change in control and, therefore, could adversely affect the stockholders ability to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price for the common stock in connection with such a transaction.
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The power of our Board of Directors to designate and issue shares of preferred stock could have an adverse effect on holders of our common stock.
Our certificate of incorporation authorizes our board of directors to designate and issue one or more series of preferred stock, having rights and preferences as the board may determine, and any such designations and issuances could have an adverse effect on the rights of holders of common stock.
ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISKS |
FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATE RISK
While our reporting currency is the US dollar, to date virtually all of our revenues and costs are denominated in RMB and a significant portion of our assets and liabilities are denominated in RMB. As a result, we are exposed to foreign exchange risk as our revenues and results of operations may be affected by fluctuations in the exchange rate between US Dollars and RMB. If the RMB depreciates against the US Dollar, the value of our RMB revenues and assets as expressed in our US Dollar financial statements will decline. We do not hold any derivative or other financial instruments that expose us to substantial market risk. See Risk FactorsWe may suffer currency exchange losses if the RMB fluctuates relative to the US Dollar.
The RMB is currently freely convertible under the current account, which includes dividends, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not under the capital account, which includes foreign direct investment. In addition, commencing on July 21, 2005, China reformed its exchange rate regime by changing to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand with reference to a basket of currencies. Under the managed floating exchange rate regime, the RMB is no longer pegged to the US Dollar. The Peoples Bank of China will announce the closing prices of foreign currencies such as the US Dollar traded against the RMB in the inter-bank foreign exchange market after the closing of the market on each business day, and will make such prices the central parity for trading against the RMB on the following business day. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to successfully hedge our exposure. Accordingly, we may incur economic losses in the future due to foreign exchange rate fluctuations, which could have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
The following table provides information, by maturity date, regarding our foreign currency sensitive financial instruments, which consist of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, payables and zero coupon convertible senior notes as of March 31, 2007:
Expected Maturity Date | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||
Before March 31, | Total Recorded |
|||||||||||||||
2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | Thereafter | Value | ||||||||||
On-balance sheet financial instruments (in US$ 000) |
||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents: |
||||||||||||||||
in US$ |
39,863 | | | | | | 39,863 | 39,863 | ||||||||
in RMB |
51,819 | | | | | | 51,819 | 51,819 | ||||||||
in HK$ |
891 | | | | | | 891 | 891 | ||||||||
Sub-total |
92,573 | | | | | | 92,573 | 92,573 | ||||||||
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Restricted cash |
||||||||||||||||
in US$ |
1,250 | 1,500 | | | | | 2,750 | 2,750 | ||||||||
in RMB |
| | 1,034 | | | | 1,034 | 1,034 | ||||||||
Sub-total |
1,250 | 1,500 | 1,034 | | | | 3,784 | 3,784 | ||||||||
Receivables |
||||||||||||||||
in US$ |
635 | | | | | | 635 | 635 | ||||||||
in RMB |
34,210 | | | | | | 34,210 | 34,210 | ||||||||
in HK$ |
54 | | | | | | 54 | 54 | ||||||||
Sub-total |
34,899 | | | | | | 34,899 | 34,899 | ||||||||
Investments in marketable debt securities |
||||||||||||||||
in US$ |
4,957 | | | | | | 4,957 | 4,957 | ||||||||
Payables |
||||||||||||||||
in US$ |
4,223 | | | | | | 4,223 | 4,223 | ||||||||
in RMB |
31,134 | | | | | | 31,134 | 31,134 | ||||||||
in HK$ |
41 | | | | | | 41 | 41 | ||||||||
Sub-total |
35,398 | | | | | | 35,398 | 35,398 | ||||||||
Zero coupon convertible senior notes |
||||||||||||||||
in US$ |
59,780 | | | | | | 59,780 | 58,771 | ||||||||
INVESTMENT RISK
Sohu invests in marketable debt securities to preserve principal while at the same time maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. These marketable debt securities are classified as available-for-sale because we may dispose of the securities prior to maturity and they are thus reported at the market value as of the end of the period. As of March 31, 2007, an unrealized loss of $43,000 was recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders equity.
INTEREST RATE RISK
Our investment policy limits our investments of excess cash in high-quality corporate securities and limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. We protect and preserve our invested funds by limiting default, market and reinvestment risk.
Investments in fixed rate debt securities carry a degree of interest rate risk. Fixed rate securities may have their fair market value adversely impacted due to a rise in interest rates. Due in part to these factors, our future interest income may fall short of expectations due to changes in interest rates or we may suffer losses in principal if forced to sell securities, which have declined in market value due to changes in interest rates.
The following table provides information, by maturity date, regarding our interest rate sensitive financial instruments, which consist of marketable debt securities and zero coupon convertible senior notes as of March 31, 2007.
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(US$ 000) |
Expected Maturity Date | Total Recorded Value |
Fair Value | ||||||||||||||
Before March 31, | |||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | Thereafter | ||||||||||||
Investments in marketable securities |
4,957 | | | | | | 4,957 | 4,957 | |||||||||
Average interest rate |
4.40 | % | | | | | | ||||||||||
Zero coupon convertible senior notes |
59,780 | | | | | | 59,780 | 58,771 | |||||||||
Average interest rate |
0.00 | % | | | | | |
ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
Our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report (the Evaluation Date), have concluded that as of the Evaluation Date our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and designed to ensure that all material information relating to Sohu required to be included in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission and to ensure that information required to be disclosed is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
During the period covered by this quarterly report, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
There are no material legal proceedings pending or, to our knowledge, threatened against us. From time to time we become subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of our business, including claims of alleged infringement of trademarks, copyrights and other intellectual property rights, and a variety of claims arising in connection with our email, message boards, auction sites, shopping services, and other communications and community features, such as claims alleging defamation or invasion of privacy. However, such legal proceedings or claims, even if not meritorious, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and management resources.
ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS |
The disclosures under the heading Risk Factors in Part I of this report, which update and supplement the Risk Factors included in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 filed with the SEC on March 8, 2007, are incorporated by reference into this Part II, Item 1A.
ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS |
Use of Proceeds
On July 17, 2000, we completed an underwritten initial public offering of our common stock pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (SEC file No. 333-96137), which became effective on July 10, 2000. Public trading of the common stock offered in the initial public offering commenced on July 12, 2000. We sold an aggregate of 4,600,000 shares of common stock in the offering at a price to the public of $13 per share, resulting in gross proceeds of $59.8 million. Our net proceeds, after deduction of the underwriting discount of $4.2 million and other offering expenses of $3.2 million, were approximately $52.4 million. All shares sold in the offering were sold by us.
During the three months ended March 31, 2007, we did not use any proceeds from the offering. The remaining net proceeds from the offering have been invested in cash, cash equivalents, and marketable debt securities. The use of the proceeds from the offering does not represent a material change in the use of proceeds described in the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement on Form S-1 described above.
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ITEM 3. | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES |
None.
ITEM 4. | SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS |
None
ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION |
None.
ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS |
Please see the Exhibit Index attached hereto.
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Dated: May 8, 2007
SOHU.COM INC. | ||
By: |
/s/ Carol Yu | |
Co-President and Chief Financial Officer |
Sohu.com Inc.
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q For Quarter Ended March 31, 2007
10.1 |
Employment Agreement between Sohu.com Inc and Carol Yu | |
10.2 |
Purchasing Agreement of Real Property Between Sohu New Era and Vision Hua Qing(1) | |
31.1 |
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Charles Zhang | |
31.2 |
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Carol Yu | |
32.1 |
Section 1350 Certification of Charles Zhang | |
32.2 |
Section 1350 Certification of Carol Yu |
(1) | The Companys subsidiaries entered into eight other purchasing agreements with Vision Hua Qing, which were substantially identical in all material respects to the agreement included as Exhibit 10.2, covering different portions of the same building. |
Exhibit 10.1
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT, effective as of March 8, 2007, by and between Sohu.com Inc., a Delaware corporation, and YU Chor Woon Carol, an individual (the Employee).
1. Definitions. Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined in the text below will have the meanings ascribed thereto on Annex 1.
2. Employment; Duties.
(a) The Company agrees to employ the Employee in the capacity and with such responsibilities as are generally set forth on Annex 2.
(b) The Employee hereby agrees to devote his or her full time and best efforts in such capacities as are set forth on Annex 2 on the terms and conditions set forth herein. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Employee may engage in other activities, such as activities involving professional, charitable, educational, religious and similar types of organizations, provided that that the Employee complies with the Employee Non-competition, Non-solicitation, Confidential Information and Work Product Agreement attached hereto as Annex 3 (the Employee Obligations Agreement) and such other activities do not interfere with or prohibit the performance of the Employees duties under this Agreement, or conflict in any material way with the business of the Company or of its subsidiaries and affiliates. The Employee Obligations Agreement as currently in effect shall continue in effect on and after the date hereof, provided that the Employee Obligations Agreement is hereby amended effective as of the date hereof by deleting Section 8(b) thereof in its entirety and replacing it with language identical to that of Section 9 (Governing Law; Resolution of Disputes) of this Agreement. The Company hereby agrees that the continuation of the Employees status as a shareholder and director of Zhaoqing and of her status as a director of Spreadtrum Communications, a semiconductor company focused on Chinas 3G standard TD-SCDMA, will not be deemed to be a violation of this clause, provided that (i) the businesses of such companies do not subsequently change such that they are in competition with the business of the Company and (ii) the Employees obligations to such companies do not conflict with her obligations to the Company.
(c) The Employee will use best efforts during the Term to ensure that the Companys business and those of its subsidiaries and affiliates are conducted in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations of all jurisdictions in which such businesses are conducted.
3. Compensation.
(a) Base Annual Income. During the Term, the Company will pay the Employee an annual base salary as set forth on Annex 2, payable monthly pursuant to the Companys normal payroll practices.
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(b) Discretionary Bonus. During the Term, the Company, in its sole discretion, may award to the Employee an annual bonus based on the Employees performance and other factors deemed relevant by the Companys Board of Directors.
(c) Stock Options. The Employee will be eligible to participate in any stock option or other incentive programs available to officers or employees of the Company.
(d) Reimbursement of Expenses. The Company will reimburse the Employee for reasonable expenses incurred by the Employee in the course of, and necessary in connection with, the performance by the Employee of his duties to the Company, provided that such expenses are substantiated in accordance with the Companys policies.
4. Other Employee Benefits.
(a) Vacation; Sick Leave. The Employee will be entitled to such number of weeks of paid vacation each year as are set forth on Annex 2, the taking of which must be coordinated with the Employees supervisor in accordance with the Companys standard vacation policy. Unless otherwise approved by the Companys Board of Directors, vacation that is not used in a particular year may only be carried forward to subsequent years in accordance with the Companys policies in effect from time to time. The Employee will be eligible for sick leave in accordance with the Companys policies in effect from time to time.
(b) Healthcare Plan. The Company will arrange for membership in the Companys group healthcare plan for the Employee, the Employees spouse and the Employees children under 18 years old, in accordance with the Companys standard policies from time to time with respect to health insurance and in accordance with the rules established for individual participation in such plan and under applicable law.
(c) Life and Disability Insurance. The Company will provide term life and disability insurance payable to the Employee, in each case in an amount up to a maximum of one times the Employees base salary in effect from time to time, provided however, that such amount will be reduced by the amount of any life insurance or death or disability benefit coverage, as applicable, that is provided to the Employee under any other benefit plans or arrangements of the Company. Such policies will be in accordance with the Companys standard policies from time to time with respect to such insurance and the rules established for individual participation in such plans and under applicable law.
(d) Other Benefits. Pursuant to the Companys policies in effect from time to time and the applicable plan rules, the Employee will be eligible to participate in the other employee benefit plans of general application, which may include, without limitation, housing allowance or reimbursement, tuition fees for the Employees children at an international level school, and tax equalization and which, in any event, shall include the benefits at the levels set forth on Annex 2.
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5. Certain Representations, Warranties and Covenants of the Employee.
(a) Related Company Positions. The Employee agrees that the Employee and members of the Employees immediate family will not have any financial interest directly or indirectly (including through any entity in which the Employee or any member of the Employees immediate family has a position or financial interest) in any transactions with the Company or any subsidiaries or affiliates thereof unless all such transactions, prior to being entered into, have been disclosed to the Board of Directors and approved by a majority of the independent members of the Board of Directors and comply with all other Company policies and applicable law as may be in effect from time to time. The Employee also agrees that he or she will inform the Board of Directors of the Company of any transactions involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates in which senior officers, including but not limited to the Employee, or their immediate family members have a financial interest.
(b) Discounts, Rebates or Commissions. Unless expressly permitted by written policies and procedures of the Company in effect from time to time that may be applicable to the Employee, neither the Employee nor any immediate family member will be entitled to receive or obtain directly or indirectly any discount, rebate or commission in respect of any sale or purchase of goods or services effected or other business transacted (whether or not by the Employee) by or on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates, and if the Employee or any immediate family member (or any firm or company in which the Employee or any immediate family member is interested) obtains any such discount, rebate or commission, the Employee will pay to the Company an amount equal to the amount so received (or the proportionate amount received by any such firm or company to the extent of the Employees or family members interest therein).
6. Term; Termination.
(a) Unless sooner terminated pursuant to the provisions of this Section 6, the term of this Agreement (the Term) will commence on the date hereof and end on March 7, 2010.
(b) Voluntary Termination by the Employee. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Employee may voluntarily Terminate this Agreement by providing the Company with ninety (90) days advance written notice (Voluntary Termination), in which case, the Employee will not be entitled to receive payment of any severance benefits or other amounts by reason of the Termination other than accrued salary and vacation through the date of the Termination. The Employees right to all other benefits will terminate as of the date of Termination, other than any continuation required by applicable law. Without limiting the foregoing, if, in connection with a Change in Control, the surviving entity or successor to Sohus business offers the Employee employment on substantially equivalent terms to those set forth in this Agreement and such offer is not accepted by the Employee, the refusal by the Employee to accept such offer and the subsequent termination of the Employees employment by the Company shall be deemed to be a voluntary termination of employment by the Employee and shall not be treated as a termination by the Company without Cause.
(c) Termination by the Company for Cause. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company may Terminate this Agreement for Cause by written notice to the Employee, effective immediately upon the delivery of such notice. In such case,
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the Employee will not be entitled to receive payment of any severance benefits or other amounts by reason of the Termination other than accrued salary and vacation through the date of the Termination. The Employees right to all other benefits will terminate, other than any continuation required by applicable law.
(d) Termination by the Employee with Good Reason or Termination by the Company without Cause. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Employee may Terminate this Agreement for Good Reason, and the Company may Terminate this Agreement without Cause, in either case upon thirty (30) days advance written notice by the party Terminating this Agreement to the other party and the Termination shall be effective as of the expiration of such thirty (30) day period. If the Employee Terminates with Good Reason or the Company Terminates without Cause, the Employee will be entitled to continue to receive payment of severance benefits equal to the Employees monthly base salary in effect on the date of Termination for the shorter of (i) six (6) months and (ii) the remainder of the Term of this Agreement (the Severance Period), provided that the Employee complies with the Employee Obligations Agreement during the Severance Period and executes a release agreement in the form requested by the Company at the time of such Termination that releases the Company from any and all claims arising from or related to the employment relationship and/or such Termination. Such payments will be made ratably over the Severance Period according to the Companys standard payroll schedule. The Employee will also receive payment of the bonus for the remainder of the year of the Termination, but only to the extent that the bonus would have been earned had the Employee continued in employment through the end of such year, as determined in good faith by the Companys CEO, Board of Directors or its Compensation Committee based on the specific corporate and individual performance targets established for such fiscal year, and only to the extent that bonuses are paid for such fiscal year to other similarly situated employees. Health insurance benefits with the same coverage provided to the Employee prior to the Termination (e.g., medical, dental, optical, mental health) and in all other material respects comparable to those in place immediately prior to the Termination will be provided at the Companys expense during the Severance Period. The Company will also continue to carry the Employee on its Directors and Officers insurance policy for six (6) years following the Date of Termination at the Companys expense with respect to insurable events which occurred during the Employees term as a director or officer of the Company, with such coverage being at least comparable to that in effect immediately prior to the Termination Date; provided, however, that (i) such terms, conditions and exceptions will not be, in the aggregate, materially less favorable to the Employee than those in effect on the Termination Date and (ii) if the aggregate annual premiums for such insurance at any time during such period exceed two hundred percent (200%) of the per annum rate of premium currently paid by the Company for such insurance, then the Company will provide the maximum coverage that will then be available at an annual premium equal to two hundred percent (200%) of such rate.
(e) Termination by Reason of Death or Disability. A Termination of the Employees employment by reason of death or Disability shall not be deemed to be a Termination by the Company (for or without Cause) or by the Employee (for or without Good Reason). In the event that the Employees employment with the Company Terminates as a result of the Employees death or Disability, the Employee or the Employees estate or representative, as applicable, will receive all accrued salary and accrued vacation as of the date of the Employees death or Disability and any other
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benefits payable under the Companys then existing benefit plans and policies in accordance with such plans and policies in effect on the date of death or Disability and in accordance with applicable law. In addition, the Employee or the Employees estate or representative, as applicable, will receive the bonus for the year in which the death or Disability occurs to the extent that a bonus would have been earned had the Employee continued in employment through the end of such year, as determined in good faith by the Companys CEO, Board of Directors or its Compensation Committee based on the specific corporate and individual performance targets established for such fiscal year, and only to the extent that bonuses are paid for such fiscal year to other similarly situated employees.
(f) Misconduct After Termination of Employment. Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything herein the contrary, if the Employee after the termination of his or her employment violates or fails to fully comply with the Employee Obligations Agreement, thereafter (1) the Employee shall not be entitled to any payments from the Company, (2) any insurance or other benefits that have continued shall terminate immediately, (3) the Employee shall promptly reimburse to the Company all amounts that have been paid to the Employee pursuant to this Section 6; and (4) if the Employee would not, in the absence of such violation or failure to comply, have been entitled to severance payments from the Company equal to at least six (6) months base salary, pay to the Company an amount equal to the difference between six (6) months base salary and the amount of severance pay measured by base salary reimbursed to the Company by the Employee pursuant to clause 3 of this sentence.
7. Option-Related Provisions.
(a) Termination by the Company Without Cause after a Change in Control. If Company Terminates this Agreement without Cause within twelve (12) months following a Change in Control, the vesting and exercisability of each of the Employees outstanding stock options or other stock-based incentive awards (Awards) will accelerate such that the Award will become fully vested and exercisable upon the effectiveness of the Termination, and any repurchase right of the Company with respect to shares of stock issued upon exercise of the Award will completely lapse, in each case subject to paragraph (c) below (Forfeiture of Options for Misconduct).
(b) Termination other than by the Company Without Cause after a Change in Control. If the Employees employment with the Company Terminates for any reason, unless the Company Terminates this Agreement without Cause within twelve (12) months following a Change in Control, the vesting and exercisability of each of the Employees outstanding Awards shall cease upon the effectiveness of the Termination, such that any unvested Award shall be cancelled.
(c) Forfeiture of Options for Misconduct. If the Employee fails to comply with the terms of this Agreement, the Employee Obligations Agreement, or the written policies and procedures of the Company, as the same may be amended from time to time, or acts against the specific instructions of the Board of Directors of the Company or if this Agreement is terminated by the Company for Cause (each a Penalty Breach), the Employee will forfeit any Awards that have been granted to him or her or to which the Employee may be entitled, whether the same are then vested or not, and the same shall thereafter not be exercisable at all, and all shares of common stock of the
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Company, if any, purchased by the Employee pursuant to the exercise of Awards and still then owned by the Employee may be repurchased by the Company, at its sole discretion, at the price paid by the Employee for such shares of common stock. The terms of all outstanding option grants are hereby amended to conform with this provision.
8. Employee Obligations Agreement. By signing this Agreement, the Employee hereby agrees to execute and deliver to the Company the Employee Obligations Agreement, and such execution and delivery shall be a condition to the Employees entitlement to his or her rights under this Agreement.
9. Governing Law; Resolution of Disputes. This Agreement will be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York if the Employee is not a citizen of the Peoples Republic of China (the PRC), and in accordance with the laws of the PRC if the Employee is a citizen of the PRC, in each case exclusive of such jurisdictions principles of conflicts of law. If, under the applicable law, any portion of this Agreement is at any time deemed to be in conflict with any applicable statute, rule, regulation or ordinance, such portion will be deemed to be modified or altered to conform thereto or, if that is not possible, to be omitted from this Agreement; the invalidity of any such portion will not affect the force, effect and validity of the remaining portion hereof. Each of the parties hereto irrevocably (i) agrees that any dispute or controversy arising out of, relating to, or concerning any interpretation, construction, performance or breach of this Agreement, shall be settled by arbitration to be held in Hong Kong under the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules in accordance with the HKIAC Procedures for the Administration of International Arbitration in force at the date of this Agreement (the Arbitration Rules), (ii) waives, to the fullest extent it may effectively do so, any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any such arbitration, and (iii) submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of Hong Kong in any such arbitration. There shall be one arbitrator, selected in accordance with the Arbitration Rules. The decision of the arbitrator shall be final, conclusive and binding on the parties to the arbitration. Judgment may be entered on the arbitrators decision in any court having jurisdiction. The parties to the arbitration shall each pay an equal share of the costs and expenses of such arbitration, and each party shall separately pay for its respective counsel fees and expenses; provided, however, that the prevailing party in any such arbitration shall be entitled to recover from the non-prevailing party its reasonable costs and attorney fees.
10. Notices. All notices, requests and other communications under this Agreement will be in writing (including facsimile or similar writing and express mail or courier delivery or in person delivery, but excluding ordinary mail delivery) and will be given to the address stated below:
(a) | if to the Employee, to the address or facsimile number that is on file with the Company from time to time, as may be updated by the Employee; |
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(b) | if to the Company: | |||
Sohu.com Inc. | ||||
Level 12, Sohu.com Internet Plaza | ||||
No. 1 Unit Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District | ||||
Beijing 100084 | ||||
Peoples Republic of China | ||||
Attention: | Charles Zhang | |||
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | ||||
fax: (86-10) 6272-6666 | ||||
with a copy to: | ||||
Goulston & Storrs | ||||
400 Atlantic Avenue | ||||
Boston, MA 02110 | ||||
Attention: | Timothy B. Bancroft | |||
fax: (617) 574-7568 |
or to such other address or facsimile number as either party may hereafter specify for the purpose by written notice to the other party in the manner provided in this Section 10. All such notices, requests and other communications will be deemed received: (i) if given by facsimile transmission, when transmitted to the facsimile number specified in this Section 10 if confirmation of receipt is received; (ii) if given by express mail or courier delivery, five (5) days after sent; and (iii) if given in person, when delivered.
11. Miscellaneous.
(a) Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire understanding between the Company and the Employee relating to the subject matter hereof and supersedes and cancels all prior and contemporaneous written and oral agreements and understandings with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement. No agreements or representations, oral or otherwise, express or implied, with respect to the subject matter hereof have been made by either party which are not set forth expressly in this Agreement.
(b) Modification; Waiver. No provision of this Agreement may be modified, waived or discharged unless modification, waiver or discharge is agreed to in writing signed by the Employee and such officer of the Company as may be specifically designated by its Board of Directors. No waiver by either party at any time of any breach by the other party of, or compliance with, any condition or provision of this Agreement to be performed by such other party will be deemed a waiver of similar or dissimilar provisions or conditions at the same or at any prior or subsequent time.
(c) Successors; Binding Agreement. This Agreement will be binding upon and will inure to the benefit of the Employee, the Employees heirs, executors, administrators and beneficiaries, and the Company and its successors (whether direct or indirect, by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise), subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein.
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(d) Withholding Taxes. All amounts payable to the Employee under this Agreement will be subject to applicable withholding of income, wage and other taxes to the extent required by applicable law.
(e) Validity. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision or provisions of this Agreement will not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Agreement, which will remain in full force and effect.
(f) Language. This Agreement is written in the English language only. The English language also will be the controlling language for all future communications between the parties hereto concerning this Agreement.
(g) Counterparts. This Agreement may be signed in any number of counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement on April 12, 2007 as of the year and day first above written.
Signature of Employee: | Sohu.com Inc. | |||||
|
By: |
| ||||
Printed name of employee: | Name: | Charles Zhang | ||||
YU Chor Woon Carol | Title: | Chief Executive Officer |
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Annex 1
Certain Definitions
Cause means:
(i) | willful misconduct or gross negligence by the Employee, or any willful or grossly negligent omission to perform any act, resulting in injury to the Company or any subsidiaries or affiliates thereof; |
(ii) | misconduct or negligence of the Employee that results in gain or personal enrichment of the Employee to the detriment of the Company or any subsidiaries or affiliates thereof; |
(iii) | breach of any of the Employees agreements with the Company, including those set forth herein and in the Employee Obligations Agreement, and including, but not limited to, the repeated failure to perform substantially the Employees duties to the Company or any subsidiaries or affiliates thereof, excessive absenteeism or dishonesty; |
(iv) | any attempt by the Employee to assign or delegate this Agreement or any of the rights, duties, responsibilities, privileges or obligations hereunder without the prior consent of the Company (except in respect of any delegation by the Employee of his employment duties hereunder to other employees of the Company in accordance with its usual business practice); |
(v) | the Employees indictment or conviction for, or confession of, a felony or any crime involving moral turpitude under the laws of the United States or any State thereof, or under the laws of China, or Hong Kong; |
(vi) | declaration by a court that the Employee is insane or incompetent to manage his business affairs; |
(vii) | habitual drug or alcohol abuse which materially impairs the Employees ability to perform his duties; or |
(viii) | filing of any petition or other proceeding seeking to find the Employee bankrupt or insolvent. |
Change in Control means the occurrence of any of the following events:
(i) | any person (within the meaning of Section 13(d) or Section 14(d)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) other than the Company, any trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company or any corporation owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportion as their ownership of stock of the Company, becomes the direct or beneficial owner of securities representing fifty percent (50%) or more of the combined voting power of the Companys then-outstanding securities; |
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(ii) | during any period of two (2) consecutive years after the date of this Agreement, individuals who at the beginning of such period constitute the Board of Directors of the Company, and all new directors (other than directors designated by a person who has entered into an agreement with the Company to effect a transaction described in (i), (iii), or (iv) of this definition) whose election or nomination to the Board was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the directors then in office, cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the members of the Board; |
(iii) | the effective date of a merger or consolidation of the Company with any other entity, other than a merger or consolidation which would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior to such merger or consolidation continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity) more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the surviving entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation and with the power to elect at least a majority of the board of directors or other governing body of such surviving entity; |
(iv) | the complete liquidation of the Company or the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Companys assets; or |
(v) | there occurs any other event of a nature that would be required to be reported in response to Item 6(e) of Schedule 14A of Regulation 14A (or a response to any similar item on any similar schedule or form) promulgated under the Exchange Act (as defined below), whether or not the Company is then subject to such reporting requirement. |
Company means Sohu.com Inc and, unless the context suggests to the contrary, all of its subsidiaries and related companies.
Disability means the Employee becomes physically or mentally impaired to an extent which renders him or her unable to perform the essential functions of his or her job, with or without reasonable accommodation, for a period of six consecutive months, or an aggregate of nine months in any two year period.
Good Reason means the occurrence of any of the following events without the Employees express written consent, provided that the Employee has given notice to the Company of such event and the Company has not remedied the problem within fifteen (15) days:
(i) | any significant change in the duties and responsibilities of the Employee inconsistent in any material and adverse respect with the Employees title and position (including status, officer positions and reporting requirements), authority, duties or responsibilities as contemplated by Annex 2 to this Agreement. For the purposes of this Agreement, because of the evolving nature of the Employers business, the Companys changing of Employees reporting relationships and department(s) will not be considered a significant change in duties and responsibilities; |
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(ii) | any material breach by the Company of this Agreement, including without limitation any reduction of the Employees base salary or the Companys failure to pay to the Employee any portion of the Employees compensation; or |
(iii) | the failure, in the event of a Change in Control in which the Company is not the surviving entity, of the surviving entity or the successor to the Companys business to assume this Agreement pursuant to its terms or to offer the Employee employment on substantially equivalent terms to those set forth in this Agreement. |
Termination (and any similar, capitalized use of the term, such as Terminate) means, according to the context, the termination of this Agreement or the Employees ceasing to render employment services.
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Annex 2
Particular Terms of Employees Employment
Title(s): | Co-President and Chief Financial Officer |
Reporting Requirement: | The Employee will report to the Companys Board of Directors (and the Audit Committee thereof) and to the Companys Chief Executive Officer. |
Responsibilities: | Such duties and responsibilities as are ordinarily associated with the Employees title(s) in a United States publicly-traded corporation and such other duties as may be specified by the Board of Directors from time to time. |
Base Salary: | $230,000 per year |
# of Weeks of Paid Vacation per Year: | Three (3) |
Other Benefits:
Annual housing allowance or reimbursement after tax of U.S. $55,000 per year.
Health, life and disability insurance and tuition fees for the Employees children as per company policy.
Tax equalization on salary and bonus to 15%.
Bonus (50% of annual base pay will be the Employees target bonus, based on the senior management bonus plan in effect from time to time) as specifically approved each year.
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Annex 3
FORM OF EMPLOYEE NON-COMPETITION, NON-SOLICITATION, CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION AND WORK PRODUCT AGREEMENT
In consideration of my employment and the compensation paid to me by Sohu.com Inc., a Delaware corporation, or a subsidiary or other affiliate or related company thereof (Sohu.com Inc. or any such subsidiary or related company or other affiliate referred to herein individually and collectively as SOHU), and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, I agree as follows:
1. Non-Competition. During my employment with SOHU and continuing after the termination of my employment for the longer of (i) one year after the termination of my employment with SOHU for any reason and (ii) such period of time as SOHU is paying to me any severance benefits, (the Noncompete Period), I will not, on my own behalf, or as owner, manager, stockholder (other than as stockholder of less than 2% of the outstanding stock of a company that is publicly traded or listed on a stock exchange), consultant, director, officer or employee of or in any other manner connected with any business entity, participate or be involved in any Competitor without the prior written authorization of SOHU. Competitor means any business of the type and character of business in which SOHU engages or proposes to engage and may include, without limitation, an individual, company, enterprise, partnership enterprise, government office, committee, social organization or other organization that, in any event, produces, distributes or provides the same or substantially similar kind of product or service as SOHU. On the date of this Employee Non-competition, Non-solicitation, Confidential Information and Work Product Agreement (this Agreement), Competitor includes without limitation: Sina.com, Yahoo Inc., Tom.com, Netease.com Inc., Linktone, Ebay, QQ (Tecent), Shanda, The 9, Baidu.com, Google.com, Ctrip, Elong, JOYO and Dang Dang.
2. Nonsolicitation. During the Noncompete Period, I will not, either for my own account or for the account of any other person: (i) solicit, induce, attempt to hire, or hire any employee or contractor of SOHU or any other person who may have been employed or engaged by SOHU during the term of my employment with SOHU unless that person has not worked with SOHU within the six months following my last day of employment with SOHU; (ii) solicit business or relationship in competition with SOHU from any of SOHUs customers, suppliers or partners or any other entity with which SOHU does business; (iii) assist in such hiring or solicitation by any other person or business entity or encourage any such employee to terminate his or her employment with SOHU; or (iv) encourage any such customer, supplier or partner or any other entity to terminate its relationship with SOHU.
3. Confidential Information.
(a) While employed by SOHU and indefinitely thereafter, I will not, directly or indirectly, use any Confidential Information (as hereinafter defined) other than pursuant to my employment by and for the benefit of SOHU, or disclose any such Confidential Information to anyone outside of SOHU or to anyone within SOHU who has not been authorized to receive such information, except as directed in writing by an authorized representative of SOHU.
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(b) Confidential Information means all trade secrets, proprietary information, and other data and information, in any form, belonging to SOHU or any of their respective clients, customers, consultants, licensees or affiliates that is held in confidence by SOHU. Confidential Information includes, but is not limited to computer software, the structure of SOHUs online directories and search engines, business plans and arrangements, customer lists, marketing materials, financial information, research, and any other information identified or treated as confidential by SOHU or any of their respective clients, customer, consultants, licensees or affiliates. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Confidential Information does not include information which SOHU has voluntarily disclosed to the public without restriction, or which is otherwise known to the public at large.
4. Rights in Work Product.
(a) I agree that all Work Product (as hereinafter defined) will be the sole property of SOHU. I agree that all Work Product that constitutes original works of authorship protectable by copyright are works made for hire, as that term is defined in the United States Copyright Act and, therefore, the property of SOHU. I agree to waive, and hereby waive and irrevocably and exclusively assign to SOHU, all right, title and interest I may have in or to any other Work Product and, to the extent that such rights may not be waived or assigned, I agree not to assert such rights against SOHU or its licensees (and sublicensees), successors or assigns.
(b) I agree to promptly disclose all Work Product to the appropriate individuals in SOHU as such Work Product is created in accordance with the requirements of my job and as directed by SOHU.
(c) Work Product means any and all inventions, improvements, developments, concepts, ideas, expressions, processes, prototypes, plans, drawings, designs, models, formulations, specifications, methods, techniques, shop-practices, discoveries, innovations, creations, technologies, formulas, algorithms, data, computer databases, reports, laboratory notebooks, papers, writings, photographs, source and object codes, software programs, other works of authorship, and know-how and show-how, or parts thereof conceived, developed, or otherwise made by me alone or jointly with others (i) during the period of my employment with SOHU or (ii) during the six month period next succeeding the termination of my employment with SOHU if the same in any way relates to the present or proposed products, programs or services of SOHU or to tasks assigned to me during the course of my employment, whether or not patentable or subject to copyright or trademark protection, whether or not reduced to tangible form or reduced to practice, whether or not made during my regular working hours, and whether or not made on SOHU premises.
5. Employees Prior Obligations. I hereby certify I have no continuing obligation to any previous employer or other person or entity which requires me not to disclose any information to SOHU.
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6. Employees Obligation to Cooperate. At any time during my employment with SOHU and thereafter upon the request or SOHU, I will execute all documents and perform all lawful acts that SOHU considers necessary or advisable to secure its rights hereunder and to carry out the intent of this Agreement. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, I agree to render to SOHU or its nominee all reasonable assistance as may be required:
(a) | In the prosecution or applications for letters patent, foreign and domestic, or re-issues, extensions and continuations thereof; |
(b) | In the prosecution or defense of interferences which may be declared involving any of said applications or patents; |
(c) | In any administrative proceeding or litigation in which SOHU may be involved relating to any Work Product; and |
(d) | In the execution of documents and the taking of all other lawful acts which SOHU considers necessary or advisable in creating and protecting its copyright, patent, trademark, trade secret and other proprietary rights in any Work Product. |
The reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by me in rendering such assistance at the request of SOHU will be reimbursed by SOHU. If I am no longer an employee of SOHU at the time I render such assistance, SOHU will pay me a reasonable fee for my time.
7. Termination; Return of SOHU Property. Upon the termination of my employment with SOHU for any reason, or at any time upon SOHUs request, I will return to SOHU all Work Product and Confidential Information and notes, memoranda, records, customer lists, proposals, business plans and other documents, computer software, materials, tools, equipment and other property in my possession or under my control, relating to any work done for SOHU, or otherwise belonging to SOHU, it being acknowledged that all such items are the sole property of SOHU. Further, before obtaining my final paycheck, I agree to sign a certificate stating the following:
Termination Certificate
This is to certify that I do not have in my possession or custody, nor have I failed to return, any Work Product (as defined in the Employee Non-competition, Non-solicitation, Confidential Information and Work Product Agreement between me and Sohu.com Inc. (SOHU)) or any notes, memoranda, records, customer lists, proposals, business plans or other documents or any computer software, materials, tools, equipment or other property (or copies of any of the foregoing) belonging to SOHU.
8. General Provisions.
(a) This Agreement contains the entire agreement between me and SOHU with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements and understandings related to the subject matter hereof, whether written or oral. This Agreement may not be modified except by written agreement signed by SOHU and me.
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(b) This Agreement will be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, U.S.A. if the dispute is resolved therein, and in accordance with the laws of the Peoples Republic of China (China) if the dispute is resolved therein or in any other jurisdiction other than the State of Delaware, in either case without giving effect to the conflicts of laws rules of such jurisdiction. I consent to jurisdiction and venue in any court in the State of Delaware or any other country having jurisdiction over me for the purposes of any action relating to or arising out of this Agreement or any breach or alleged breach thereof, and to service of process in any such action by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. Without limiting the foregoing, I specifically consent to jurisdiction and venue in any court in China for the purposes of any action relating to or arising out of this Agreement or any breach or alleged breach thereof that occurs in whole or in part in China.
(c) In the event that any provision of this Agreement will be determined by any court of competent jurisdiction to be unenforceable by reason of its extending for too great a period of time, over too large a geographic area, over too great a range of activities, it will be interpreted to extend only over the maximum period of time, geographic area or range of activities as to which it may be enforceable.
(d) If, after application of paragraph (c) above, any provision of this Agreement will be determined to be invalid, illegal or otherwise unenforceable by any court of competent jurisdiction, the validity, legality and enforceability of the other provisions of this Agreement will not be affected thereby. Any invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision of this Agreement will be severed, and after any such severance, all other provisions hereof will remain in full force and effect.
(e) SOHU and I agree that either of us may waive or fail to enforce violations of any part of this Agreement without waiving the right in the future to insist on strict compliance with all or parts of this Agreement.
(f) My obligations under this Agreement will survive the termination of my employment with SOHU regardless of the manner of or reasons for such termination, and regardless of whether such termination constitutes a breach of any other agreement I may have with SOHU. My obligations under this Agreement will be binding upon my heirs, executors and administrators, and the provisions of this Agreement will inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of SOHU.
(g) I agree and acknowledge that the rights and obligations set forth in this Agreement are of a unique and special nature and necessary to ensure the preservation, protection and continuity of SOHUs business, employees, Confidential Information, and intellectual property rights. Accordingly, SOHU is without an adequate legal remedy in the event of my violation of any of the covenants set forth in this Agreement. I agree, therefore, that, in addition to all other rights and remedies, at law or in equity or otherwise, that may be available to SOHU, each of the covenants made by me under this Agreement shall be enforceable by injunction, specific performance or other equitable relief, without any requirement that SOHU have to post a bond or that SOHU have to prove any damages.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned employee and SOHU have executed this Employee Non-competition, Non-solicitation, Confidential Information and Work Product Agreement.
Effective as of March 8, 2007 and dated April 12, 2007.
Signature of Employee: | Sohu.com Inc. | |||||
|
By: |
| ||||
Printed name of employee: | Name: | Charles Zhang | ||||
YU Chor Woon Carol | Title: | Chief Executive Officer |
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Exhibit 10.2
BF20050120 |
Contract Serial Number: XF XXXX |
THE CONTRACT OF PURCHASE OF COMPLETE COMMERCIAL HOUSE OF BEIJING
SELLER: | VISION HUA QING (BEIJING) REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. | |
BUYER: | BEIJING SOHU NEW ERA INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. | |
LOCATION OF PROPERTY: | THE WHOLE STOERY OF 10th FLOOR, BUILDING 9 OF PARK 1, ZHONGGUANCUN EAST ROAD, HAIDIAN DISTRICT, BEIJING, P. R. CHINA |
BEIJING MUNICIPAL CONSTRUCTION COMMITTEE
INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL ADMINISTRATION BUREAU OF BEIJING
NOVEMBER, 2005
DESCRIPTION:
1. | The version of this Contract is made by Beijing Municipal Construction Committee and the Industrial and Commercial Administration Bureau of Beijing and serves as a template for purchasing complete commercial houses (including economic residential houses). The term of complete commercial house means the house that is built by a qualified construction unit and is granted with the Certificate of Use of State Land and the Certificate of Ownership of House (without any record of registration of change of ownership). |
2. | Prior to entering into this Contract, the Seller shall produce the Buyer with the Certificate of Use of State Land, the Certificate of Ownership of House and other related certificates and documentations that are required. |
3. | The Parties hereto shall execute this Contract on the principles of free will, fairness and faithfulness. Neither Party shall compel the other to enter into this Contract. For the purpose of free will hereunder, an area of blank is given in this Contract following the standard terms and provisions for the parties to fill in with their specific provisions. After the Contract takes effect, the text in this Contract in print form without any modification shall be deemed as the provisions that are agreed by the parties. |
4. | Prior to entering into this Contract, the Buyer shall peruse the whole provisions of this Contract and pay special attention to those parts involving optional, supplemental, filling and amending terms. |
5. | The provisions in [ ] herein including optional terms, filling terms and other terms for deleting or appending shall be negotiated and agreed by the parties. Mark ü to choose a provision in a pair of [ ]; If the case in a provision in [ ] has not happened or the parties do not provide, mark × to delete such provision. |
6. | Should any dispute arises out of this Contract, either Party may elect to bring the suit before the peoples court in the place where the house is located or to submit the dispute to an arbitration committee for arbitration. If arbitration is elected, the optional arbitrators may be Beijing Arbitration Committee, China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission or any arbitration committees located in other places. |
7. | The parties may determine the number of counterparts of this Contract in accordance with the situation and shall examine them during the execution of this Contract and make sure that all the counterparts are identical. In all cases the Buyer shall at least keep one or more counterparts. |
8. | The Seller shall covenant that it has not entered into any contracts with any third parties in respect of the house at the time when the Seller signs the online purchase contract, and it shall also warrant that the house is free of any seizure orders by any competent authorities and any disputes over the ownership of the same. In the case the house is mortgaged, Seller shall obtain the prior consent of the mortgagee and inform the Buyer of the mortgage. The Seller and the Buyer shall go through the procedure of ownership transfer of the house in the administration department of houses within 90 days of the execution of the Contract and ensure that all the factors that hinder the Buyer to obtain the certificate of ownership of the house is removed. |
THE CONTRACT OF PURCHASE OF COMPLETE COMMERCIAL HOUSE OF BEIJING
SELLER: |
VISION HUA QING (BEIJING) REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. | |||
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS: | ROOM 04-08, VISION INTERNATIONAL PLAZA, BUILDING 9 OF TSINGHUA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PARK, PARK 1, ZHONGGUANCUN EAST ROAD, HANDIAN DISTRICT, BEIJING, P. R. CHINA | |||
ZIP CODE: | 100084 | |||
REGISTRATION NUMBER. OF BUSINESS CERTIFICATE: |
QI HE JING ZONG ZI DI NO. XXXXXX | |||
COMPANY CERTIFICATE NO.: | XXXXXX | |||
LEGAL REPRESENTATIVE: | HONG YA LI | TELEPHONE: | ||
AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE: | × | TELEPHONE: × | ||
AUTHORIZED SALES AGENT: | VISION HUAQING (BEIJING) REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. | |||
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS: | ROOM 04-08, VISION INTERNATIONAL PLAZA, BUILDING 9 OF TSINGHUA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PARK, PARK 1, ZHONGGUANCUN EAST ROAD, HANDIAN DISTRICT, BEIJING, P. R. CHINA | |||
ZIP CODE: | 100084 |
REGISTRATION NUMBER. OF BUSINESS CERTIFICATE: |
QI HE JING ZONG ZI DI NO. XXXXX | |||
SALES AGENT CERTIFICATE NO.: | _______________________ | |||
NAME OF SALES PERSON: | WEI | |||
CERTIFICATE NO. OF SALES PERSON: |
JING JIAN XIAO XXXXXXX | |||
BUYER: | BEIJING SOHU NEW ERA INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. | |||
LEGAL REPRESENTATIVE: | ZHANG CHAO YANG | NATIONALITY: | ||
REGISTRATION NUMBER. OF BUSINESS CERTIFICATE: |
QI DU JING ZONG ZI DI NO. XXXXXX | |||
DATE OF BIRTH: | YY MM DD | GENDER: | ||
CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS: | _______________________ | |||
ZIP CODE: | 100084 | TELEPHONE: |
This Contract is entered into by and between the Seller and the Buyer on the basis of equality, free will, fairness and good will negotiation in respect of the purchase of the complete commercial house in accordance with The Contract Law of the Peoples Republic of China, The Administration Law of City Real Estate of the Peoples Republic of China, The Administration Regulations of Transfer of Real Estate of Beijing City as well as other applicable laws and regulations. The parties agree as follows:
Article 1 Building Description
The Seller has acquired the land use right of the state owned land located at Vision International Plaza, Tsinghua Science and Technology Park, Park 1, Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District (location set out in the Certificate of Land Use Right) by means of paid leasing. The number of the Certificate of Land Use Right of such land is Jing Shi Hai She Wai Guo Yong (2006 Chu) Di No. XXXX. The area of such land is 9407.49 square meters. The purpose of use of such land is: general. Period of use is from August 22, 2003 to August 21, 2053.
The building constructed on such land is officially named as Vision International Plaza. The number of Urban Planning Certificate of such building is 2003 Gui Jian Zi No. XXXX. Now such building has passed planning and construction inspection.
Article 2 Sales Description
The house purchased by the Buyer has acquired the Certificate of Ownership of House. The certificate number is Jing Fang Quan Zheng Shi Hai She Wai Zi No. 10246 and is issued by Beijing Municipal Construction Committee.
The house purchased by the Buyer has acquired official certificates on the date of × and issued by ×
Article 3 General Information of the House
The house is: the whole storey of 10th Floor, Building 9, Park 1, Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District. The Public Security Administration Bureau has confirmed that the house address is Building 9, Park 1, Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District. The house is the whole storey of 10th floor of building 9 of the building as set forth in Article 1.
The main frame structure of the building is reinforced concrete. The total stories are 15, 13 above ground and 2 underground.
The purpose of use of the house is general. The height between floors is 4.2 meters. The net height of pitched roof is × meters at the lowest end, × meters at the top end. The house faces east. There are 0 balcony(ies), 0 of which are closed, 0 of which are open.
The Seller retains a house measuring agency named Beijing Huaxing Measuring New Technology Co., Ltd. to measure the area of the house. The result of measurement is: gross floor area 2609.3 square meters, which includes saleable area 1826.83 square meters and common area 782.47 square meters. The floor plan and the location of the house in the building are set out in Exhibit 1, common area description set out in Exhibit 2.
The height between floors referred to herein means the vertical height between every 2 floors or floor and ground. The net height means the vertical height between a floor or ground and upper floor or ceiling.
Article 4 Mortgage Information
The mortgage information of the house is as follows: 2
1. | The house is not mortgaged. |
2. | The house is mortgaged. The mortgagee is CITIC Ka Wah Bank Limited and CITIC Bank. The mortgage is registered by the House Ownership Registrar of Beijing Municipal Construction Committee on January 4, 2006. |
The provisions regarding mortgage are set out in Exhibit 3.
Article 5 Lease Information
The lease information of the house is as follows: 2
1. | The Seller has not leased the house. |
2. | The Seller has leased the house, and the lessee is the Buyer. |
Article 6 Payment Term
The Seller and the Buyer agree that the payment of the house shall be calculated as follows: 2
1. | The payment is calculated on the basis of the saleable area. The unit price is × per square meter, total price × . |
2. | The payment is calculated on the basis of the floor area. The unit price is RMB XXXXXX, total price RMB XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX. |
3. | The payment is calculated on the basis of the saleable unit. The total price is RMB × . |
4. | The payment is calculated on the basis of × . The total price is RMB × . |
Detailed calculation is set out in Exhibit 4.
The floor area referred to herein means the vertical projection area of the floors above the outside walls (columns) of the house, including balcony(ies), hallway, basement and outside stairs, provided that such area shall be the permanent construction that has a roof, a sound structure and the height between floors over 2.2 meters.
The saleable area referred to herein means the aggregate area of the saleable area of the house unit, the walls and the balcony (ies).
Article 7 Manner of Payment and Due Date
The Buyer shall make the payment by the follow means: 1
1. | In lump-sum |
2. | In installments |
3. | By loan. The Buyer shall pay the advance in the amount of × % of the total payment. The remaining sum shall be paid by loaning from × bank or the agency of accumulation fund of residential houses. |
4. | Other means. |
Detailed manner of payment and due date are set out in Exhibit 5.
Article 8 Liabilities for Overdue Payment
Should the Buyer be late or otherwise in default with respect to the payment due hereunder, it shall assume the liability of 1 .
1. | Assume one of the following liabilities on the basis of overdue days. |
(1) | If the days are 30 days or less, the Buyer shall calculate an interest at a daily rate of 0.0002 on the sum due from the due date of the payment until the full payment thereof and pay to the Seller such interest within 7 days from the fulfillment of the full payment, and the Contract shall continue effective. |
(2) | If the days are more than 30 days (the number in this blank shall be the same as in (1)), the Seller shall be entitled to terminate this Contract. In the case the Seller terminates the Contract, the Buyer shall, |
within 7 days of the receipt of the notice of the termination by the Seller, pay to the Seller interest a damage in the amount of 10% of the total due payment, and the Seller shall refund the Buyer all the sum already paid to the Seller. If the Buyer agree to continue the purchase, the Contract shall continue effective upon the approval of the Seller, and the Buyer shall, within 7 days of the due date, pay to the Seller interest at a daily rate of 0.0003 (such rate shall be no less than the rate provided in (1)) on the sum due from the due date of the payment until the full payment thereof. |
The overdue payment referred to herein means the difference between the due payment as set out in Article 7 and the sum already paid to the Seller. If the manner of payment is in installments, the overdue payment shall mean the difference between the due payment of each installment and the sum already paid in such installment.
2. | is set out in in Exhibit 8. |
Article 9 Delivery Terms
1. | The Seller shall hand over the house to the Buyer before the th day of . (as provided in Exhibit 8) |
2. | The house shall meet the following 1, 3, 5 and × requirements when it is handed over. (as provided in Exhibit 8) |
i. | A technical report of area measurement of the house furnished by a qualified house measuring agency shall be produced. |
ii. | If the house is residential, the Seller shall produce the Guarantee of Residential Quality and the Specifications of the Use of Residential House. |
iii. | The house shall also be qualified with respect to the standards of the municipal utilities promised by the Seller in Article 12 and other equipment standards. |
iv. | If the house is residential, the Seller shall produce the Inspection List of Unit Quality (apply to the residential houses that are inspected after January 1, 2006). |
v. | Other terms as provided in Exhibit 6. |
Article 10 Liabilities of Late Delivery
Unless caused by Force Majeure, if the Seller fails to deliver the house to the Buyer before the due date or in accordance with the terms as set forth in Article 9, the Seller shall assume the liability as set forth in ×:
1. | Assume either one of the following liabilities on the basis of number of overdue days. |
a) | Should the overdue days are × days or less (such number of days shall be no less than the days filled in 1 a) of Article 8), an interest shall be calculated at a daily rate of × on the sum already paid by the Buyer (such rate shall be no less than the one agreed in 1 a) of Article 8), the Seller shall pay to the Buyer such interest within × days from the delivery of the house and the Contract shall continue effective. |
b) | Should the overdue days are more than × days (such number shall be the same as above a)), the Buyer shall be entitled to the right to reject the house. In the case the Buyer reject the house, |
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the Seller shall, within × days of the receipt of the notice of rejection from the Buyer, refund the Buyer all the sum that has been already paid, and pay to the Buyer an interest in the amount of × % of the sum that has been already paid by the Buyer. In the case the Buyer agree to continue the Contract, the Contract shall continue effective, an interest shall be calculated at a daily rate of × on the sum already paid by the Buyer (such rate shall be no less than the one agreed in 1 a) of this Article), the Seller shall pay to the Buyer such interest within × days from the delivery of the house. |
2. | × |
Article 11 Hand-over Procedure
1. | Should the house is qualified with the delivery terms as set out in Article 9, the Seller shall, within 7 days prior the delivery day, give the Buyer a written notice specifying the date of hand-over, the venue and all the required certificates or documents. When the parties hand over the house, the Seller shall produce with the Buyer all the certificates and documents specified in Article and perform other obligations set forth in Article 9. Should the Seller fail to supply part or all such certificates or documents, or perform other obligations specified in Article 9, the Buyer shall have the right the reject the house and the Seller shall assume all the liabilities of overdue delivery arising therefrom and assume the liabilities specified in Article 10. |
2. | After the house is inspected and handed over, the parties shall sign the hand-over paper. If the hand-over can not be fulfilled due to the fault of the Buyer, the parties agree as follows: |
X .
3. | The parties agree that the taxes and fees shall be paid in the following 1 manner. |
a) | The Seller shall not obligate the Buyer to pay all the taxes and fees as a condition of delivering the house. |
×
b) | The Buyer agree that the Seller pay the taxes and fees specified in the following X , X , X , X , X and X for the Buyer, and the Buyer shall reimburse the Seller for such taxes and fees at the time of taking over the house. |
i. | Maintenance fund; |
ii. | Deed tax; |
iii. | Fees of house management service specified in Article 20; |
iv. | Fees of heating services; |
v. | X |
vi. | X |
c) | The Buyer shall pay to the appropriate authorities the taxes and fees specified in the following X , X , X , X , X and X , and shall produce with the Seller the official receipt and documents of the payment. |
i. | Maintenance fund; |
ii. | Deed tax; |
iii. | Fees of house management service specified in Article 20; |
iv. | Fees of heating services; |
v. | X |
vi. | X |
Article 12 Warranty of Municipal Utilities and Other Equipment
The Seller shall warrant to the Buyer that the municipal utilities and other necessary equipment furnished on the house shall, as of the following dates, meet the standards as follows:
1. | Municipal Utilities |
a) | Tap water and sewer: municipal standard tap water and sewer as of January 27, 2007; |
b) | Electrical power: normal power supply as of January 27, 2007; |
c) | Heating services: mass heating services as of January 27, 2007; |
d) | Gas: X as of ; |
e) | X |
f) | X |
If the house fails to meet the above standards as of the due dates, the parties agree as follows:
a) | The Seller shall pay to the Buyer an interest of daily rate of 0.0002 on the sum already paid by the Buyer until all the standards are met; |
b) | X ; |
2. | Other Equipment |
a) | Common landscaping area: municipal layout standard as of January 27, 2007; |
b) | Common pass: municipal layout standard as of January 27, 2007; |
c) | Common parking lot: municipal layout standard as of January 27, 2007; |
d) | Kindergarten: X as of X ; |
e) | School: X as of X ; |
f) | Club: X as of X ; |
g) | Shopping center: X as of X ; |
h) | Gymnasium: X as of X ; |
i) | X ; |
j) | X ; |
If the house fails to meet the above standards as of the due dates, the parties agree as follows:
a) | The Seller shall pay to the Buyer an interest of daily rate of 0.0002 on the sum already paid by the Buyer until all the standards are met; |
b) | X ; |
Article 13 Standards of Quality, Decoration and Equipment
1. | The Seller warrants to the Buyer that the house is built with qualified construction materials and components and that the quality of the house meets the construction quality regulations, standards and the requirements of the designing documents that are imposed by the state and the city. |
2. | Both the Seller and the Seller agree as follows: |
a) | If the air quality of the rooms of the house fails to pass the air inspection of state standards, the Buyer shall have the right to reject the house within X days (not more than 60 days) of the delivery of the house. In the case the Buyer reject the house, the Seller shall, within X days of the receipt of the notice of rejecting the house, refund the Buyer all the sum already paid by the Buyer, pay to the Buyer an interest of X of the sum of refund, remedy all the damages incurred by the Buyer arising therefrom and assume the cost of air inspection. |
In the case the Buyer does not reject the house or has taken over and used the house for over X days, the Buyer shall settle the issue in a supplemental agreement.
X
b) | If the house has already passed the all the inspections conducted by the appropriate agencies such as construction agency, measuring agency, building agency and construction supervisor by the time of hand-over, the Seller shall accompany the Buyer to inspect the house. If there are still other problems, the parties agree to settle the problems in the following X manner. |
i. | The Seller shall correct all the problems and re-deliver the house within X days thereafter, assume all the liabilities of overdue hand-over associated therewith and assume the liabilities specified in Article 10. |
ii. | The Seller shall correct all the problems in accordance with the regulations and standards required by the state or the city within X days thereafter, assume all the costs thereof and remedy all the damages incurred by the Buyer arising therefrom. |
iii. | X |
c) | The Seller shall warrants to the Buyer that the decoration and equipment of the house shall meet the standards as agreed by the parties. If the Seller fails to do so, the Buyer shall be entitled to the right as specified in the following X . |
i. | A damage paid by the Seller twice as the difference between the cost of the decoration and equipment delivered by the Seller and that of the standard ones. |
ii. | X |
iii. | X |
The standard of the decoration and equipment is set out in Exhibit 6.
3. | In the case of any disputes between the Seller and the Buyer in respect of the construction quality, either Party shall have the right to retain a qualified construction inspection agency to inspect the quality, and both Parties shall give reasonable cooperation to the inspection. |
X
Article 14 Energy Conservation Method of the House
In the case the house is residential, it shall meet the energy conservation requirements of the state and the Standards of Energy Conservation Design of Residential Buildings (DBJ01-602-2004) issued by Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Planning and Beijing Municipal Construction Committee. If the house fails to meet such requirements or standards, the Seller shall correct the energy conservation method in accordance with the Standards of Energy Conservation Design of Residential Buildings, assume all the costs arising therefrom and remedy all the damages incurred by the Buyer arising therefrom.
X
Article 15 Warranty of Repair for Residential Houses
1. | In the case the house is residential, the Seller shall warrant to the Buyer the quality of the house in accordance with the Warranty of the Quality of Residential Houses and assume all the liabilities associated therewith as of the delivery date of the house. |
If the house is non-residential, the parties shall specify the scope, period and liabilities of the warranty in a supplemental agreement. (as set out in Exhibit 8)
2. | In case of any quality problems within the scope of warranty arising out of the house during the warranty period and if parties have agreed on rejecting the house, the house shall be rejected by the Buyer, otherwise, the Seller shall assume the liabilities of repairing, and the Buyer shall give reasonable cooperation to the repairing. If the quality problems are caused by reasons other than the faults of the Seller, the Seller shall be released of the warranty liabilities. |
Article 16 Warranty of Use
The Buyer shall not, during the period of using the house, change the main construction structure, supporting structure or purpose of use of the house. Unless otherwise agreed in this Contract, the supplemental agreement or the Exhibits, the Buyer shall, during the period of using the house, have the right to share the common area and equipment of the house with others and shall assume related liabilities for such common area in accordance with its sharing of the area.
The Seller shall not change the purpose of use of the common area and equipment of the house.
X
Article 17 Registration of Ownership Transfer
1. | The Seller shall indemnify the Buyer against any and all claims, demand or disputes by any third party in connection with the ownership of the house. If the registration of ownership transfer of the house can not be fulfilled or any disputes of ownership arise out of the house, the Seller shall assume the following liabilities: (as set out in Exhibit 8) |
2. | After the house has been handed over to the Buyer, the parties agree to settle the problems in the following 1 manner. |
a) | Both Parties apply with the ownership registrar for registration of ownership transfer of the house. (as specified in Exhibit 8) |
b) | The Buyer retains a third party to apply with the ownership registrar for registration of ownership transfer of the house. |
c) | The Buyer agrees to retain X to apply with the ownership registrar for registration of ownership transfer of the house at the service fees of RMB X . |
3. | In the case the Buyer fails to obtain the Certificate of Ownership of the house within X days of the delivery of the house, the parties agree to settle the problem as follows. |
a) | If the failure is caused by the fault of the Seller, the Buyer shall have the right the reject the house. If the Buyer elect to do so, the Seller shall , within X days of the receipt of the notice of rejecting the house, refund the Buyer all the sum already paid by the Buyer and pay to the Buyer an interest of X of the sum of refund. If the Buyer does not reject the house, an interest shall be calculated at a daily rate of X of the sum already paid by the Buyer as of the due date of obtaining the certificate of ownership until the obtaining is actually fulfilled and the Seller shall pay to the Buyer such interest within X days from the date of fulfillment. |
b) | If the failure is caused by the fault of the Buyer, the Buyer shall assume such losses at its sole expenses. |
c) | X |
Article 18 Terms of Common Area
1. | The use right of the roof of the building attributes to all the owners. |
2. | The use right of the metope of the building attributes to all the owners. |
3. | The Buyer shall have the right to share all the profits generated from any advertisements by exploiting the building on the basis of the proportion of the purchased area of the house to the saleable area of the building. |
4. | X |
Article 19 Installations and Facilities
The installations and facilities of the house such as underground parking lots shall be agreed in the following X .
1. | The ownership of X, X, X and X related to the house shall be transferred to the Buyer along with the house. |
2. | The ownership of X, X, X and X related to the house shall not be transferred to the Buyer along with the house. |
Article 20 Property Management Services (if no owners committee is founded)
1. | The manager retained by the Seller is Beijing Hua Qing Property Management Co., Ltd., certificate number Jing Wu Qi Zi 2 [2005] No. 024. |
2. | The price of Property Management Services of the house during the initial period is X per month per square meter (gross floor area). Such price includes cleaning fees, security fees, maintenance fees for common area and common facilities, landscaping fees, general management fees, X , X , X . |
Ground parking fees: X . Under ground parking fees: X .
3. | The payment to the property manager shall be made in accordance with the following X manner. |
a) | The payment shall be paid on an annual basis and made on or before the X th day of X of each year. |
b) | The payment shall be paid on a half year basis and made on or before the X th day of X and X th day of X of each year. |
c) | The payment shall be paid on a quarterly basis and made on or before the X th day of X , X th day of X and X th day of X of each year. |
4. | The terms of property management and the provisional terms of owners are set out in Exhibit 7. The Buyer hereby acknowledges that it has perused such terms and agrees that the manager retained by the Seller shall have the right to provide property management services for the initial period and agrees to observing the provisional terms of owners. |
Article 21 Special RepairFund
If the Buyer agrees that the Seller pay the special repair fund for the Buyer, the Seller shall, within X days after the Buyer takes over the house, supply the Buyer with the official receipt of the payment.
If the Buyer agrees to pay the special repair fund by itself, it shall, within X days of the delivery of the house, produce with the manager with the official receipt of the payment.
Article 22 Force Majeure
Neither of the Parties shall be held responsible for non-performance of this Contract due to Force Majeure, provided that the affected Party shall inform the other Party of the issue of Force Majeure in a timely manner and, within 15 days after the end of such Force Majeure issues, give the other Party the proof of such issues. (as set out in Exhibit 8)
Article 23 Disputes Resolution
In the event of any dispute arising out of or in connection with this Contract, the Parties agree to settle the matter in dispute in accordance with good faith. If the dispute has not been settled, the Parties agree to settle the dispute in the following 2 resolutions:
1. | Submitting the dispute to Beijing Arbitration Committee for arbitration, or |
2. | Bringing a suit to the Peoples Court. |
Article 24 This Contract takes effect as of the date of signature of this Contract by the parties. The parties may amend or sign an addendum on the basis of this Contract, provided that any terms or conditions that intent to unreasonably release or exempt the Seller from any or all of the liabilities specified in this Contract or unreasonably add liabilities of the Buyer or preclude the Buyer from any of the major rights shall be null and void. The termination of this Contract shall be made in written. The Exhibits hereto and any addendums hereto shall have equal effect as this Contract.
Article 25 The pages of this Contract and all the Exhibits hereto are . The Contract and all the Exhibits are made in 5 counterparts, each one in equal effect, two for the Seller, two for the Buyer and one for the administration agency.
The Seller:
Legal Representative:
Duly Authorized Representative:
Duly Authorized Sales Agent:
Singed on: th day of ,
Signed at:
The Buyer:
Person in Charge:
Duly Authorized Representative:
Singed on: th day of ,
Signed at:
Exhibit 31.1
I, Charles Zhang, certify that:
1. | I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Sohu.com Inc.; |
2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
4. | The registrants other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrants disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrants internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrants most recent fiscal quarter (the registrants fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrants internal control over financial reporting; and |
5. | The registrants other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrants auditors and the audit committee of the registrants board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function): |
a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrants ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrants internal control over financial reporting. |
Dated: May 8, 2007
/s/ Charles Zhang |
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors |
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Exhibit 31.2
I, Carol Yu, certify that:
1. | I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Sohu.com Inc.; |
2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
4. | The registrants other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrants disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrants internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrants most recent fiscal quarter (the registrants fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrants internal control over financial reporting; and |
5. | The registrants other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrants auditors and the audit committee of the registrants board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function): |
a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrants ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrants internal control over financial reporting. |
Dated: May 8, 2007
/s/ Carol Yu |
Co-President and Chief Financial Officer |
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Exhibit 32.1
SOHU.COM INC.
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Sohu.com Inc. (the Company) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2007 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), I, Charles Zhang, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company, certify, pursuant to U.S.C. ss. 1350, as adopted pursuant to ss. 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition of the Company as of March 31, 2007 and results of operations of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2007.
/s/ Charles Zhang |
Charles Zhang, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors |
May 8, 2007 |
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Exhibit 32.2
SOHU.COM INC.
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Sohu.com Inc. (the Company) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2007 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), I, Carol Yu, Co-President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to U.S.C. ss. 1350, as adopted pursuant to ss. 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition of the Company as of March 31, 2007 and results of operations of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2007.
/s/ Carol Yu |
Carol Yu, Co-President and Chief Financial Officer |
May 8, 2007 |
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